US5622548A — Duplicating inks for digital duplicators

Claim 1

Independent Claim 48 words

An encapsulated colorant comprising a colorant having a particle size of from about 0.01 microns to about 25 microns, an oil component, an adhesion promoter, and at least one binder resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 48 words

An encapsulated colorant comprising a colorant having a particle size of from about 0.01 microns to about 25 microns, an oil component, an adhesion promoter, and at least one binder resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 22 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 1, wherein said encapsulated colorant comprises a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 28 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 2, wherein said colorant is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, C.I. Blue 15:3, C.I. Violet 1, and C.I. Green 7.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 30 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 3, wherein said carbon black has a BET surface area of from about 20 square meters per gram to about 600 square meters per gram.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 23 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 4, wherein said carbon black has a particle size of from about 0.01 micron to about 2 microns.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 25 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 5, wherein said hydrocarbon modified rosin ester has a melting point of from about 100° C. to about 160° C.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 20 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 6, wherein said hydrocarbon modified rosin ester has a melting point of about 125° C.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 21 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 7, wherein said hydrocarbon modified rosin ester has an acid number of maximum 25 mg KOH/g.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 25 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 5, wherein said phenol modified hydrocarbon resin has a melting point of from about 130° C. to about 150° C.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 30 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 9, wherein said phenol modified hydrocarbon resin has a melting point of about 140° C. and an acid number of less than 1 mg KOH/g.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 13 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 9, wherein said adhesion promoter is oxidized polyethylene.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 23 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 11, wherein said oxidized polyethylene has an acid number of from about 14 to about 20 mg KOH/g.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 20 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 11, further comprising an oil selected from the group consisting of naphthenic and unsaturated oils.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 25 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 13, wherein said naphthenic oil has a viscosity of from about 300 SUS to about 2400 SUS at 100° F.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 26 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 14, wherein said naphthenic oil has a viscosity of 2117 SUS at 100° F. and a boiling point of 320° C.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 22 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 13, wherein said unsaturated oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil and linseed oil.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 32 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 16, wherein said encapsulated colorant further comprises a viscosity adjusting agent selected for the group consisting of mineral seal oil and a tall oil fatty acid ester.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 26 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 17, wherein said tall oil fatty acid ester is a C 1 -C 8 alkyl ester of tall oil fatty acid.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 22 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 18, wherein said tall oil fatty acid ester is a butyl ester of tall oil fatty acid.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 30 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 19, wherein said encapsulated colorant further comprises a disperser vehicle having a viscosity of from about 3' to about 4' at 100° F. (bubble tube).

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 33 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 20, wherein said disperser vehicle has a boiling range of 510° F. to 610° F. and an acid number of from about 10 to about 14 mg KOH/g.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 165 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 21, wherein said colorant is present in an amount of from about 30% by weight to about 45% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said hydrocarbon modified rosin ester is present in an amount of from about 2% by weight to about 10% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said phenol modified hydrocarbon resin is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said adhesion promoter is present in an amount of from about 0.5% by weight to about 6% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said naphthenic oil is present in an amount of from about 20% by weight to about 45% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said viscosity adjusting agent is present in an amount of up to about 25% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, and said disperser vehicle is present in an amount of up to about 20% by weight of said encapsulated colorant.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 165 words

The encapsulated colorant of claim 21, wherein said colorant is present in an amount of from about 30% by weight to about 45% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said hydrocarbon modified rosin ester is present in an amount of from about 2% by weight to about 10% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said phenol modified hydrocarbon resin is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said adhesion promoter is present in an amount of from about 0.5% by weight to about 6% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said unsaturated oil is present in an amount of from about 20% by weight to about 45% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, said viscosity adjusting agent is present in an amount of up to about 25% by weight of said encapsulated colorant, and said disperser vehicle is present in an amount of up to about 20% by weight of said encapsulated colorant.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 38 words

A method of preparing the encapsulated colorant of claim 22, comprising combining and mixing said colorant, said binder resins, said adhesion promoter, said naphthenic oil, said viscosity adjusting agent, and said disperser vehicle in a suitable mixing device.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 38 words

A method of preparing the encapsulated colorant of claim 23, comprising combining and mixing said colorant, said binder resins, said adhesion promoter, said unsaturated oil, said viscosity adjusting agent, and said disperser vehicle in a suitable mixing device.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 141 words

An encapsulated colorant comprising a colorant having a particle size of from about 0.01 microns to about 25 microns, at least one oil selected from the group consisting of a naphthenic oil and an unsaturated oil, a viscosity adjusting agent, an adhesion promoter, a disperser vehicle, and at least one binder resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin, wherein said encapsulated colorant is prepared by the method comprising (a) combining and mixing said oil or oils and said binder resin or resins until said resins are dissolved; (b) combining and mixing the solution obtained in (a) and said adhesion promoter; (c) combining and mixing the product of (b) and said disperser vehicle and optionally a viscosity adjusting agent; and (d) combining and mixing the product of (c) with said colorant.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 141 words

An encapsulated colorant comprising a colorant having a particle size of from about 0.01 microns to about 25 microns, at least one oil selected from the group consisting of a naphthenic oil and an unsaturated oil, a viscosity adjusting agent, an adhesion promoter, a disperser vehicle, and at least one binder resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin, wherein said encapsulated colorant is prepared by the method comprising (a) combining and mixing said oil or oils and said binder resin or resins until said resins are dissolved; (b) combining and mixing the solution obtained in (a) and said adhesion promoter; (c) combining and mixing the product of (b) and said disperser vehicle and optionally a viscosity adjusting agent; and (d) combining and mixing the product of (c) with said colorant.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 67 words

A water-in-oil emulsion ink for use in digital duplicators comprising an oil phase and a water phase, said oil phase comprising an encapsulated colorant comprising a colorant having a particle size of from about 0.01 microns to about 25 microns, an oil component, an adhesion promoter, and a binder resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 67 words

A water-in-oil emulsion ink for use in digital duplicators comprising an oil phase and a water phase, said oil phase comprising an encapsulated colorant comprising a colorant having a particle size of from about 0.01 microns to about 25 microns, an oil component, an adhesion promoter, and a binder resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 23 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 27, wherein said encapsulated colorant comprises a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 31 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 28, wherein said oil phase further comprises a film-forming component that is capable of forming a film on said encapsulated colorant during the duplicating process.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 25 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 29, wherein said film-forming component is selected from the group consisting of an alkyd resin and a terpene resin.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 19 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 30, wherein said alkyd resin is a modified tall oil fatty acid ester.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 26 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 31, wherein said modified tall oil fatty acid ester comprises an aromatic polycarboxylic acid modified tall oil fatty acid ester.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 15 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 32, wherein said aromatic polycarboxylic acid comprises isophthalic acid.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 35 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 33, wherein said isophthalic acid is present in an amount of from about 9% by weight to about 12% by weight of said modified tall oil fatty acid ester.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 24 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 34, wherein said modified tall oil fatty acid ester has an acid number of 8 mg KOH/g maximum.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 27 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 35, wherein said terpene resin has a melting point in the range of from about 100° C. to about 150° C.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 17 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 36, wherein said oil phase further comprises a surface active agent.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 15 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 37, wherein said surface active agent is sorbitan monooleate.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 26 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 38, wherein said oil phase further comprises an oil selected from the group consisting of drying oils and naphthenic oils.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 27 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 39, wherein said naphthenic oil has a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 SUS at 100° F. (ASTM D2161).

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 36 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 39, wherein said drying oil is selected from the group consisting of tung oil, mineral seal oil, and a C 1 -C 8 alkyl ester of tall oil fatty acid.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 25 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 41, wherein said alkyl ester of tall oil fatty acid is a butyl ester of tall oil fatty acid.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 16 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 41, wherein said oil phase further comprises a rheological additive.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 16 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 43, wherein said rheological additive is an organically modified clay.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 18 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 44, wherein said organically modified clay is an organically modified montmorillonite clay.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 20 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 45, wherein said organically modified montmorillonite clay has a specific gravity of 1.6 g/cc.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 16 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 46, wherein said oil phase further comprises an antiskinning agent.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 14 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 47, wherein said antiskinning agent is an oxime.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 13 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 48, wherein said oxime is a ketoxime.

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 12 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 49, wherein said ketoxime is methylethylketoxime.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 142 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 42, wherein said oil phase comprises said encapsulated colorant in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight of said emulsion ink, said film-forming component in an amount of from about 2% by weight to about 16% by weight of said emulsion ink, said oil in an amount of from about 3% by weight to about 30% by weight of said emulsion ink, and said surface active agent in an amount of from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight of said emulsion ink, and said water phase comprising water in an amount of from about 20% by weight to about 85% by weight of said emulsion ink and a biocide in an amount of from about 0.05% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of said emulsion ink.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 16 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 47, wherein said water phase further comprises a thickening agent.

Claim 56

Dependent Claim 15 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 52, wherein said thickening agent is a cellulose derivative.

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 14 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 53, wherein said cellulose derivative is a hydroxyethylcellulose.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 27 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 54, wherein said hydroxyethylcellulose has a hydroxyethyl content of from about 1.9 to 2.3 moles per mole of the anhydroglucose unit.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 201 words

The water-in-oil emulsion ink of claim 55, wherein said oil phase comprises said encapsulated colorant in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight of said emulsion ink, said film-forming component in an amount of from about 2% by weight to about 16% by weight of said emulsion ink, said oil in an amount of from about 3% by weight to about 30% by weight of said emulsion ink, said surface active agent in an amount of from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight of said emulsion ink, said rheological additive in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of said emulsion ink, and said antiskinning agent in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight of said emulsion ink, and said water phase comprising water in an amount of from about 20% by weight to about 85% by weight of said emulsion ink, said thickening agent in an amount of from about 0.5% by weight to about 3% by weight of said emulsion ink, and a biocide in an amount of from about 0.05% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of said emulsion ink.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 129 words

An improved digital duplicating process for producing images having high color strength, high image density, good image resolution, low set-off, low bleed through, excellent runnability, and better environmental stability comprising applying a duplicating ink to image openings on a stencil, allowing said ink to permeate said image openings, and forming the desired printed images on a paper held in contact with said stencil, wherein the improvement comprises applying a duplicating ink comprising an oil phase and a water phase, said oil phase comprising an encapsulated colorant comprising a colorant having a particle size of from about 0.01 microns to about 25 microns, an oil component, an adhesion promoter, and a binder resin selected form the group consisting of a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin.

Claim 61

Dependent Claim 129 words

An improved digital duplicating process for producing images having high color strength, high image density, good image resolution, low set-off, low bleed through, excellent runnability, and better environmental stability comprising applying a duplicating ink to image openings on a stencil, allowing said ink to permeate said image openings, and forming the desired printed images on a paper held in contact with said stencil, wherein the improvement comprises applying a duplicating ink comprising an oil phase and a water phase, said oil phase comprising an encapsulated colorant comprising a colorant having a particle size of from about 0.01 microns to about 25 microns, an oil component, an adhesion promoter, and a binder resin selected form the group consisting of a hydrocarbon modified rosin ester and a phenol modified hydrocarbon resin.

Claim 62

Dependent Claim 27 words

The improved digital duplicating process of claim 57, wherein said oil phase further comprising an agent that is capable of forming a film on said encapsulated colorant.

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 27 words

A water-in-oil emulsion ink for use in digital duplicators comprising an oil phase and a water phase, said oil phase comprising the encapsulated colorant of claim 26.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	2000-04-21	2000-10-21	2001-04-22	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2004-04-21	2004-10-21	2005-04-22	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2008-04-21	2008-10-21	2009-04-22	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Duplicating inks for digital duplicators

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