Patent US5581182A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5581182A
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Method and apparatus for broadband decoupling in nuclear magnetic resonance with chirp pulses
Assignee: Bruker Biospin SAS
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Filing: 1995-07-19
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Granted: 1996-12-03
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Expires: 2015-07-19
Abstract
Abstract Methods and apparatus for broadband decoupling in nuclear magnetic resonance with chirp and other RF pulses are disclosed. Such methods may include the step of positioning the sample in a static magnetic field. Additional steps may define a first cycle of pulses, such as chirp pulses, wherein at least two of the pulses have a different initial phase angle from each other and may define a second cycle of pulses wherein at least two of the pulses in the second cycle have an initial phase angle different from the initial phase angles of the pulses in the first cycle. Further steps may repeatedly generate a supercycle of the first and second cycles to produce pulses for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample and may also detect the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization. Alternatively, the chirp pulses in the first and second cycles may be defined to sweep a bandwidth of 100 kHz or more. The first and second cycles may also be defined to include linear frequency modulated RF pulses wherein each of the RF pulses has an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of the pulses. Apparatus for performing the disclosed methods is also disclosed. Other methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Riqiang Fu
- 👤 Geoffrey Bodenhausen
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 11:08
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01R; G01R33/00; G01R33/20; G01R33/44; G01R33/46; G01R33/4616
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 36
Claim 1
Independent Claim
155 words
A method of decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the sample in a static magnetic field; defining a first cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of said chirp pulses in the first cycle having a different initial phase angle from each other; defining a second cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of said chirp pulses in the second cycle having an initial phase angle different from the initial phase angles of chirp pulses in the first cycle; generating a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles so that the first and second cycles are repeatedly generated as a function of the supercycle to produce chirp pulses for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
155 words
A method of decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the sample in a static magnetic field; defining a first cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of said chirp pulses in the first cycle having a different initial phase angle from each other; defining a second cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of said chirp pulses in the second cycle having an initial phase angle different from the initial phase angles of chirp pulses in the first cycle; generating a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles so that the first and second cycles are repeatedly generated as a function of the supercycle to produce chirp pulses for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the second mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the second cycle of chirp pulses to have their initial phase angles advanced about 180 degrees from the initial phase angles of chirp pulses in the first cycle.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
83 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle to include five chirp pulses; wherein the first and fifth chirp pulses in the first cycle have an initial phase angle of about zero degrees; wherein the second and fourth chirp pulses in the first cycle have an initial phase angle of about 150 degrees; and wherein the third chirp pulse in the first cycle has an initial phase angle of about 60 degrees.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
83 words
The method of claim 3 wherein the second mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the second cycle to include five chirp pulses; wherein the first and fifth chirp pulses in the second cycle have an initial phase angle of about 180 degrees; wherein the second and fourth chirp pulses in the second cycle have an initial phase angle of about 330 degrees; and wherein the third chirp pulse in the second cycle has an initial phase angle of about 240 degrees.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 1 wherein at least three of the chirp pulses in the first cycle have different initial phase angles from each other.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the generating step comprises the step of generating the supercycle having a total of sixteen first and second cycles; wherein the first cycle fills positions 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13 and 16 of the supercycle; and wherein the second cycle fills positions 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14 and 15 of the supercycle.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle of chirp pulses to include a plurality of linear frequency modulated chirp pulses.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle of chirp pulses to include a plurality of constant amplitude chirp pulses.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of apodizing the amplitude of the chirp pulses at the beginning and end of the chirp pulses.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle of chirp pulses to include a plurality of chirp pulses which vary in phase or frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 200 kHz in less than about 1.5 milliseconds.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle of chirp pulses to include a plurality of chirp pulses which vary in phase or frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 200 kHz in less than about 1.5 milliseconds.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle of chirp pulses to include a plurality of chirp pulses which vary in phase or frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 60 kHz in about one millisecond.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
144 words
A method of decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the sample in a static magnetic field; defining a first cycle of chirp pulses having a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 100 kHz; defining a second cycle of chirp pulses having a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 100 kHz; generating a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles so that the first and second cycles are repeatedly generated as a function of the supercycle to produce chirp pulses for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
144 words
A method of decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the sample in a static magnetic field; defining a first cycle of chirp pulses having a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 100 kHz; defining a second cycle of chirp pulses having a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 100 kHz; generating a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles so that the first and second cycles are repeatedly generated as a function of the supercycle to produce chirp pulses for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the generating step comprises the step of generating the supercycle having a total of sixteen first and second cycles; wherein the first cycle fills positions 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13 and 16 of the supercycle; and wherein the second cycle fills positions 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14 and 15 of the supercycle.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle of chirp pulses to have a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 150 kHz.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the chirp pulses in the first cycle has an amplitude below about 10 kHz.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle of chirp pulses to have a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least 200 kHz.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the chirp pulses in the first cycle has an amplitude below about 10 kHz.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the chirp pulses in the first cycle has an amplitude below about 7 kHz.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the chirp pulses in the first cycle has a duration less than about 1.5 milliseconds.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the chirp pulses in the first cycle has a duration less than about 1.5 milliseconds.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the chirp pulses in the first cycle has an amplitude below about 10 kHz.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 22 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the chirp pulses in the first cycle has a duration less than about 1.5 milliseconds.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
160 words
A method of decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the sample in a static magnetic field; defining a first cycle of linear frequency modulated RF pulses, each of the RF pulses in the first cycle having an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of said pulses; defining a second cycle of linear frequency modulated RF pulses, each of the RF pulses in the second cycle having an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of said pulses; generating a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles so that the first and second cycles are repeatedly generated as a function of the supercycle to produce RF pulses for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
160 words
A method of decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the sample in a static magnetic field; defining a first cycle of linear frequency modulated RF pulses, each of the RF pulses in the first cycle having an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of said pulses; defining a second cycle of linear frequency modulated RF pulses, each of the RF pulses in the second cycle having an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of said pulses; generating a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles so that the first and second cycles are repeatedly generated as a function of the supercycle to produce RF pulses for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 24 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the RF pulses in the first cycle has an amplitude below about 10 kHz.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 24 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the RF pulses in the first cycle has an amplitude below about 6 kHz.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 24 wherein the first mentioned defining step comprises the step of defining the first cycle wherein each of the RF pulses in the first cycle has an amplitude below about 4 kHz.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
186 words
Apparatus for decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the apparatus comprising: a magnet for producing a static magnetic field within which the sample is positioned; a memory for storing data defining a first cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of said chirp pulses in the first cycle having a different initial phase angle from each other; the data further defining a second cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of the chirp pulses in the second cycle having an initial phase angle different from the initial phase angles of chirp pulses in the first cycle; the data further defining a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles; a pulse generator responsive to the memory for repeatedly generating a plurality of chirp pulses as a function of the supercycle of the defined first and second cycles, said pulses being applied to the sample for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and a detector for detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
186 words
Apparatus for decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the apparatus comprising: a magnet for producing a static magnetic field within which the sample is positioned; a memory for storing data defining a first cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of said chirp pulses in the first cycle having a different initial phase angle from each other; the data further defining a second cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of the chirp pulses in the second cycle having an initial phase angle different from the initial phase angles of chirp pulses in the first cycle; the data further defining a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles; a pulse generator responsive to the memory for repeatedly generating a plurality of chirp pulses as a function of the supercycle of the defined first and second cycles, said pulses being applied to the sample for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and a detector for detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
197 words
Apparatus for decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the apparatus comprising: a magnet for producing a static magnetic field within which the sample is positioned; a memory for storing data defining a first cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of said chirp pulses in the first cycle having a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 100 kHz; the data further defining a second cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of the chirp pulses in the second cycle having a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 100 kHz; the data further defining a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles; a pulse generator responsive to the memory for repeatedly generating a plurality of chirp pulses as a function of the supercycle of the defined first and second cycles, said pulses being applied to the sample for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and a detector for detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
197 words
Apparatus for decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the apparatus comprising: a magnet for producing a static magnetic field within which the sample is positioned; a memory for storing data defining a first cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of said chirp pulses in the first cycle having a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 100 kHz; the data further defining a second cycle of chirp pulses, at least two of the chirp pulses in the second cycle having a varying phase or varying frequency to result in a frequency sweep of at least about 100 kHz; the data further defining a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles; a pulse generator responsive to the memory for repeatedly generating a plurality of chirp pulses as a function of the supercycle of the defined first and second cycles, said pulses being applied to the sample for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and a detector for detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
191 words
Apparatus for decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the apparatus comprising: a magnet for producing a static magnetic field within which the sample is positioned; a memory for storing data defining a first cycle of linear frequency modulated RF pulses, each of the RF pulses in the first cycle having an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of said pulses; the data further defining a second cycle of linear frequency modulated RF pulses, each of the RF pulses in the second cycle having an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of said pulses; the data further defining a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles; a pulse generator responsive to the memory for repeatedly generating a plurality of RF pulses as a function of the supercycle of the defined first and second cycles, said pulses being applied to the sample for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and a detector for detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
191 words
Apparatus for decoupling a scalar or dipolar coupling between nuclei in a sample by inverting a longitudinal magnetization in the sample, the apparatus comprising: a magnet for producing a static magnetic field within which the sample is positioned; a memory for storing data defining a first cycle of linear frequency modulated RF pulses, each of the RF pulses in the first cycle having an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of said pulses; the data further defining a second cycle of linear frequency modulated RF pulses, each of the RF pulses in the second cycle having an amplitude which is substantially constant during at least about 50% of said pulses; the data further defining a supercycle comprising a plurality of the first and second cycles; a pulse generator responsive to the memory for repeatedly generating a plurality of RF pulses as a function of the supercycle of the defined first and second cycles, said pulses being applied to the sample for inverting the longitudinal magnetization in the sample; and a detector for detecting the signals emitted by the sample in response to inversion of the longitudinal magnetization.
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