US5384573A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Image synthesis using time sequential holography
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corp
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Filing: 1993-03-17
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Granted: 1995-01-24
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Expires: 2013-03-17
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for producing an image of a target area, by: at an observation location spaced from the target area, transmitting a beam of electromagnetic radiation toward the target area, and receiving reflections of the radiation from the target area; providing a representation of the magnitude and direction of the distance between points on the target area which produce reflections that travel in phase to the observation location; varying the spatial relation between the observation location and the target area and/or the given radiation frequency, in order to establish a plurality of different observation states which succeed one another in time, each state being associated with a distinct combination of magnitude and direction of the distance between points on the target area which produce reflections that travel in phase to the observation location; producing two coherent radiation beams, directing the two beams onto a receiving plane provided with an array of radiation receiving cells and storing output signals from each receiving cell, and controlling the two beams, for each observation state in succession, such that the two collimated beams have: beam axes which are inclined relative to one another by an angle corresponding in magnitude and direction to the magnitude and direction representations; a phase difference corresponding to the phase difference between the transmitted and received radiation; and intensities such that the product of the intensities of the two beams corresponds to the intensity product of the transmitted and received radiation.
Inventors
- 👤 Terry M. Turpin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 19:15
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01S; G01S7/00; G01S7/02; G01S7/04; G01S7/06; G01S7/20; G01S13/00; G01S13/88; G01S13/89; G01S13/90; G01S13/9004; G01S13/9005; G01S13/904; G01S17/00; G01S17/88; G01S17/89; G01S17/90; G01S7/48; G01S7/481; G03; G03H; G03H1/00; G03H3/00; G03H5/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 191
Claim 1
Independent Claim
287 words
A system for producing an image of an object, the object defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising: transmitter means for transmitting radiation toward the object, the transmitted radiation defining a frequency, receiver means for receiving radiation reflected by the object, the radiation means comprising means for determining the amplitude and the phase of the radiation reflected by the object for generating an output corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of the radiation reflected by the object, the radiation reflected by the object and received by the receiver means satisfying a Bragg condition and corresponding to one of the plurality of basis functions, controller means, in communication with the transmitter means and the receiver means, for selecting the frequency of the radiation transmitted by the transmitter means, the controller means further comprising means for generating an output corresponding to the amplitude, the phase and the spatial frequency of the radiation reflected by the object, basis function generator means, in communication with the controller means, for generating an output corresponding to one of the plurality of basis functions of the object in response to the output of the controller means, the basis function generator means comprising means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, integrator means for integrating the output of the basis function generator means and for producing an output corresponding to the integrated output of the basis function generator means, the integrator means comprising means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time, and display means for displaying the output of the integrator means.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
287 words
A system for producing an image of an object, the object defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising: transmitter means for transmitting radiation toward the object, the transmitted radiation defining a frequency, receiver means for receiving radiation reflected by the object, the radiation means comprising means for determining the amplitude and the phase of the radiation reflected by the object for generating an output corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of the radiation reflected by the object, the radiation reflected by the object and received by the receiver means satisfying a Bragg condition and corresponding to one of the plurality of basis functions, controller means, in communication with the transmitter means and the receiver means, for selecting the frequency of the radiation transmitted by the transmitter means, the controller means further comprising means for generating an output corresponding to the amplitude, the phase and the spatial frequency of the radiation reflected by the object, basis function generator means, in communication with the controller means, for generating an output corresponding to one of the plurality of basis functions of the object in response to the output of the controller means, the basis function generator means comprising means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, integrator means for integrating the output of the basis function generator means and for producing an output corresponding to the integrated output of the basis function generator means, the integrator means comprising means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time, and display means for displaying the output of the integrator means.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
A system as in claim 1 wherein the means for determining the amplitude and the phase of the radiation reflected by the object comprises means for comparing the radiation reflected by the object and a reference wave.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
46 words
A system as in claim 1 wherein the means for interfering wavelike energy comprises means for producing a plurality of optical wave patterns, and wherein the means for detecting the recreated basis functions comprises an array of photodetectors for detecting the plurality of optical wave patterns.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
52 words
A system as in claim 3 wherein each of the plurality of optical wave patterns is defined by an amplitude, a phase, and a spatial frequency, and wherein the amplitude, the phase and the spatial frequency of the optical wave pattern are determined in response to the output of the controller means.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
A system as in claim 1 comprising means for sequentially changing the Bragg condition.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
169 words
A method for producing an image of an object, the object defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the method comprising the steps of: measuring the amplitude, the phase and the spatial frequency of radiation reflected by the object that satisfies a Bragg condition and that corresponds to one of the plurality of basis functions, generating a signal corresponding to the measured amplitude, phase and frequency, the step of generating a signal comprising the step of interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, repeating the steps of measuring and generating for a plurality of different Bragg conditions, whereby a plurality of different signals corresponding to a plurality of different basis functions are generated, integrating the plurality of signals, the step of integrating the plurality of signals comprising the step of detecting the recreated basis functions and summing the recreated basis functions over time, and displaying the integrated plurality of signals.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
169 words
A method for producing an image of an object, the object defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the method comprising the steps of: measuring the amplitude, the phase and the spatial frequency of radiation reflected by the object that satisfies a Bragg condition and that corresponds to one of the plurality of basis functions, generating a signal corresponding to the measured amplitude, phase and frequency, the step of generating a signal comprising the step of interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, repeating the steps of measuring and generating for a plurality of different Bragg conditions, whereby a plurality of different signals corresponding to a plurality of different basis functions are generated, integrating the plurality of signals, the step of integrating the plurality of signals comprising the step of detecting the recreated basis functions and summing the recreated basis functions over time, and displaying the integrated plurality of signals.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
173 words
A system for producing an image of an object, the object defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising: measuring means for measuring the amplitude, the phase and the spatial frequency of radiation reflected by the object that satisfies a Bragg condition and that corresponds to one of the plurality of basis functions, means for sequentially changing the Bragg condition, whereby the measuring means measures a plurality of amplitudes, phases and spatial frequencies of radiation corresponding to a plurality of basis functions, generating means for generating a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of measured amplitudes, phases and frequencies, the generator means comprising means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, integration means for integrating the plurality of signals, the integrator means comprising means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time, and display means for displaying the integrated plurality of signals.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
173 words
A system for producing an image of an object, the object defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising: measuring means for measuring the amplitude, the phase and the spatial frequency of radiation reflected by the object that satisfies a Bragg condition and that corresponds to one of the plurality of basis functions, means for sequentially changing the Bragg condition, whereby the measuring means measures a plurality of amplitudes, phases and spatial frequencies of radiation corresponding to a plurality of basis functions, generating means for generating a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of measured amplitudes, phases and frequencies, the generator means comprising means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, integration means for integrating the plurality of signals, the integrator means comprising means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time, and display means for displaying the integrated plurality of signals.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
108 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
108 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
The system as in claim 8 wherein the parameters of the basis functions comprise at least an amplitude and a phase, and wherein the sensing means comprises means for measuring at least the amplitude and the phase of the basis functions.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
33 words
The system as in claim 9 wherein the image synthesis means comprises means for generating scaled copies of the basis functions in response to the measured amplitude and phase of the basis functions.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system as in claim 10 wherein the image synthesis means comprises means for sequentially summing the scaled copies of the basis functions.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
33 words
The system as in claim 10 wherein the image synthesis means comprises an energy sensor array and projection means for projecting the scaled copies of the basis functions onto the energy sensor array.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
41 words
The system as in claim 10 wherein the image synthesis means comprises a display device and integration means for integrating a plurality of scaled copies of the bases functions, whereby an image of the object is recorded on the display device.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
81 words
The system as in claim 8 wherein the function of measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means comprises measuring an interaction of a signal and the object and wherein the sensing means comprising: transmitter means for transmitting a signal that interacts with the object, and receiver means for receiving the signal after the signal has interacted with the object and for measuring the interaction of the signal and the object.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
13 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the transmitter means comprises a laser.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the transmitter means comprises an x-ray emitter.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the transmitter means comprises an electromagnetic radiation transmitter.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the transmitter means comprises an acoustical transmitter.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the transmitter means comprises a radar transmitter.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the transmitter means comprises means for generating a coherent source of atomic particles.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the transmitter means comprises means for generating a coherent source of subatomic particles.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
49 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the sensing means comprises: spatial modulation means for spatially modulating the signal transmitted by the transmitter means with a waveform, whereby the interaction of the signal and the object is dependent upon the relative positions of the transmitter means and the object.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
56 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the parameters of the basis functions comprise at least an amplitude and a phase, and wherein the receiver means comprises means for comparing the signal and a reference signal after the signal has interacted with the object to thereby obtain the amplitude and the phase of the basis functions.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
36 words
The system as in claim 14 wherein the receiver means comprises means for producing an output signal that corresponds to the amplitude and the phase of the signal after the signal has interacted with the object.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
47 words
The system as in claim 14, comprising: controller means for providing the transmitter means with frequency parameters necessary to transmit a signal at a frequency which satisfies a specific Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, whereby a specific basis function of the object is measured.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
121 words
The system as in claim 25 wherein each of the plurality of basis functions is defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising: basis function generator means, in communication with the controller means, for synthesizing a wave pattern corresponding to one of the plurality of measured basis functions of the object in response to an output of the controller means, the synthesized wave pattern having an amplitude, a phase and a vector spatial frequency, and wherein the controller means comprises means for controlling the amplitude, the phase and the vector spatial frequency of the wave pattern synthesized by the basis function generator means in response to the amplitude and the phase of the measured basis functions.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
30 words
The system as in claim 26 wherein the wavelike energy comprises light and further comprising a pixelated photosensor array for detecting the wave pattern synthesized by the basis function generator.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as in claim 27 wherein the pixelated photosensor array comprises a charge-coupled device array.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
39 words
The system as in claim 26 comprising integrator means for digitizing and summing the wave pattern synthesized by the basis function generator means and for generating an output, and display means for displaying the output of the integrator means.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
22 words
The system as in claim 29 wherein the integrator means comprises a digital memory and an arithmetic processor for accumulating digitized data.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system as in claim 29 wherein the display means comprises a video display.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system as in claim 29 wherein the display means comprises a television monitor.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
13 words
The system as in claim 29 wherein the display means comprises photographic film.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 29 wherein the display means comprises a permanent storage medium.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system as in claim 34 wherein the permanent storage medium comprises at least one of a magnetic tape, a magnetic disk, and an optical disk.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
211 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, the plurality of interference fringes in the image plane comprising scaled copies of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane, and means for integrating the plurality of interference fringes.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
211 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, the plurality of interference fringes in the image plane comprising scaled copies of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane, and means for integrating the plurality of interference fringes.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
60 words
The system as in claim 36 wherein the transform lens means defines a focal length, the frequency plane and the lens plane are separated by a distance substantially equal to the focal length of the transform lens, and the lens plane and the image plane are separated by a distance substantially equal to the focal length of the transform lens.
Claim 43
Independent Claim
242 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, curvature lens means axially displaced a distance ξ from the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images displaced a distance ξ from the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in an image plane, whereby the transform lens means produces a plane wave from the light source images located in the frequency plane and produces a spherical wave from the light source images with curvature defined by the displacement ξ, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
242 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, curvature lens means axially displaced a distance ξ from the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images displaced a distance ξ from the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in an image plane, whereby the transform lens means produces a plane wave from the light source images located in the frequency plane and produces a spherical wave from the light source images with curvature defined by the displacement ξ, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
261 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the collimated beam, beam splitting means for dividing the amplitude modulated beam into a first beam and a second beam, deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane, phase modulation means for modulating the phase of the second beam, curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
261 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the collimated beam, beam splitting means for dividing the amplitude modulated beam into a first beam and a second beam, deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane, phase modulation means for modulating the phase of the second beam, curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 47
Independent Claim
308 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the beam, deflection means for deflecting the beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the beam to form a light source image substantially in the frequency plane, Fourier transform lens means for recollimating the beam into a plane wave travelling at an angle determined by the deflection means, beam splitting means for dividing the beam into a first beam and a second beam, phase modulation means for modulating the phase of the second beam, inversion/curvature lens means for inverting the first beam and for creating wavefront curvature in the first beam, whereby the first beam defines a tilt that appears to emanate from a virtual source diametrically opposite the light source image in the frequency plane means for directing the phase modulated second beam through the beam splitter onto the image plane means for directing the first beam through the beam splitter onto the image plane, whereby the first beam and the second beam produce a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 48
Independent Claim
308 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the beam, deflection means for deflecting the beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the beam to form a light source image substantially in the frequency plane, Fourier transform lens means for recollimating the beam into a plane wave travelling at an angle determined by the deflection means, beam splitting means for dividing the beam into a first beam and a second beam, phase modulation means for modulating the phase of the second beam, inversion/curvature lens means for inverting the first beam and for creating wavefront curvature in the first beam, whereby the first beam defines a tilt that appears to emanate from a virtual source diametrically opposite the light source image in the frequency plane means for directing the phase modulated second beam through the beam splitter onto the image plane means for directing the first beam through the beam splitter onto the image plane, whereby the first beam and the second beam produce a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
231 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a focusing plane and a frequency plane, the focusing plane and the frequency plane being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: deflection means for deflecting a collimated beam in response to a signal defining an amplitude and a spatial frequency of a basis function, focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing the collimated beam to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, the light source images substantially at the frequency plane defining amplitudes, photosensing means for detecting the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane, storage means for recording the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane to thereby define a frequency map, transform means for Fourier transforming the recorded amplitudes of the frequency map into a plurality of amplitudes defining an image map, display means for displaying the image map.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
231 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a focusing plane and a frequency plane, the focusing plane and the frequency plane being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: deflection means for deflecting a collimated beam in response to a signal defining an amplitude and a spatial frequency of a basis function, focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing the collimated beam to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, the light source images substantially at the frequency plane defining amplitudes, photosensing means for detecting the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane, storage means for recording the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane to thereby define a frequency map, transform means for Fourier transforming the recorded amplitudes of the frequency map into a plurality of amplitudes defining an image map, display means for displaying the image map.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 41 wherein the deflection means comprises a spatial light modulator.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system as in claim 42 wherein the deflection means comprises a pair of substantially orthogonally oriented acousto-optic Bragg cells.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
22 words
The system as in claim 41 wherein the photosensing means comprises a plurality of photosensors having a substantially rectilinear, linearly spaced format.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system as in claim 41 wherein the transform means comprises processor means for performing a digital fast Fourier transform.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system as in claim 41 wherein the transform means comprises an electronic processor.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 41 wherein the transform means comprises a two-dimensional optical processor.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system as in claim 47 wherein the two-dimensional optical processor comprises a lens system for performing a two-dimensional Fourier transform.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 41 wherein the display means comprises a data storage medium.
Claim 59
Independent Claim
86 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of measurable parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using measured parameters of the basis functions, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 60
Independent Claim
86 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of measurable parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using measured parameters of the basis functions, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 61
Independent Claim
220 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of measurable parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, curvature lens means axially displaced a distance ξ from the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images displaced a distance ε from the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in an image plane, whereby the transform lens means produces a plane wave from the light source images located in the frequency plane and produces a spherical wave from the light source images with curvature defined by the displacement ε, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 62
Independent Claim
220 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of measurable parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, curvature lens means axially displaced a distance ξ from the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images displaced a distance ε from the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in an image plane, whereby the transform lens means produces a plane wave from the light source images located in the frequency plane and produces a spherical wave from the light source images with curvature defined by the displacement ε, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 63
Independent Claim
239 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of measurable parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the collimated beam, beam splitting means for dividing the amplitude modulated beam into a first beam and a second beam, deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane, phase modulation means for modulating the phase of the second beam, curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 64
Independent Claim
239 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of measurable parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the collimated beam, beam splitting means for dividing the amplitude modulated beam into a first beam and a second beam, deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane, phase modulation means for modulating the phase of the second beam, curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 65
Independent Claim
286 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of measurable parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the beam, deflection means for deflecting the beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the beam to form a light source image substantially in the frequency plane, Fourier transform lens means for recollimating the beam into a plane wave travelling at an angle determined by the deflection means, beam splitting means for dividing the beam into a first beam and a second beam, phase modulation means for modulating the phase of the second beam, inversion/curvature lens means for inverting the first beam and for creating wavefront curvature in the first beam, whereby the first beam defines a tilt that appears to emanate from a virtual source diametrically opposite the light source image in the frequency plane means for directing the phase modulated second beam through the beam splitter onto the image plane means for directing the first beam through the beam splitter onto the image plane, whereby the first beam and the second beam produce a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 66
Independent Claim
286 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of measurable parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the beam, deflection means for deflecting the beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the beam to form a light source image substantially in the frequency plane, Fourier transform lens means for recollimating the beam into a plane wave travelling at an angle determined by the deflection means, beam splitting means for dividing the beam into a first beam and a second beam, phase modulation means for modulating the phase of the second beam, inversion/curvature lens means for inverting the first beam and for creating wavefront curvature in the first beam, whereby the first beam defines a tilt that appears to emanate from a virtual source diametrically opposite the light source image in the frequency plane means for directing the phase modulated second beam through the beam splitter onto the image plane means for directing the first beam through the beam splitter onto the image plane, whereby the first beam and the second beam produce a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 67
Independent Claim
150 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, the plurality of interference fringes in the image plane comprising scaled copies of the basis functions that define the object, photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane, and means for integrating the plurality of interference fringes.
Claim 68
Independent Claim
150 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, the plurality of interference fringes in the image plane comprising scaled copies of the basis functions that define the object, photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane, and means for integrating the plurality of interference fringes.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
60 words
The system as in claim 54 wherein the transform lens means defines a focal length, the frequency plane and the lens plane are separated by a distance substantially equal to the focal length of the transform lens, and the lens plane and the image plane are separated by a distance substantially equal to the focal length of the transform lens.
Claim 70
Independent Claim
177 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: a focusing plane and a frequency plane, the focusing plane and the frequency plane being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, deflection means for deflecting a collimated beam in response to a signal defining an amplitude and a spatial frequency of a basis function, focusing means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing the collimated beam to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, the light source images substantially at the frequency plane defining amplitudes, photosensing means for detecting the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane, recording means for recording the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane to thereby define a frequency map, transform means for Fourier transforming the recorded amplitudes of the frequency map into a plurality of amplitudes defining an image map, and display means for displaying the image map.
Claim 71
Independent Claim
177 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: a focusing plane and a frequency plane, the focusing plane and the frequency plane being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, deflection means for deflecting a collimated beam in response to a signal defining an amplitude and a spatial frequency of a basis function, focusing means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing the collimated beam to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, the light source images substantially at the frequency plane defining amplitudes, photosensing means for detecting the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane, recording means for recording the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane to thereby define a frequency map, transform means for Fourier transforming the recorded amplitudes of the frequency map into a plurality of amplitudes defining an image map, and display means for displaying the image map.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 56 wherein the deflection means comprises a spatial light modulator.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system as in claim 57 wherein the deflection means comprises a pair of substantially orthogonally oriented acoustooptic Bragg cells.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
22 words
The system as in claim 56 wherein the photosensing means comprises a plurality of photosensors having a substantially rectilinear, linearly spaced format.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system as in claim 56 wherein the transform means comprises processor means for performing a digital fast Fourier transform.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system as in claim 56 wherein the transform means comprises an electronic processor.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 56 wherein the transform means comprises a two-dimensional optical processor.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system as in claim 62 wherein the two-dimensional optical processor comprises a lens system for performing a two-dimensional Fourier transform.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 56 wherein the display means comprises a data storage medium.
Claim 80
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising the steps of: defining a frequency plane, deflecting a collimated beam in response to a signal defining an amplitude and a spatial frequency of a basis function, focusing the collimated beam to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, the light source images substantially at the frequency plane defining amplitudes, detecting the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane, recording the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane to thereby define a frequency map, Fourier transforming the recorded amplitudes of the frequency map into a plurality of amplitudes defining an image map, and displaying the image map.
Claim 81
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising the steps of: defining a frequency plane, deflecting a collimated beam in response to a signal defining an amplitude and a spatial frequency of a basis function, focusing the collimated beam to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, the light source images substantially at the frequency plane defining amplitudes, detecting the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane, recording the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane to thereby define a frequency map, Fourier transforming the recorded amplitudes of the frequency map into a plurality of amplitudes defining an image map, and displaying the image map.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as in claim 65 wherein each frequency amplitude is bipolar and has a complex value and wherein the deflecting, focusing, detecting, and recording steps are repeated a plurality of four times for each frequency amplitude.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as in claim 65 wherein the deflecting step is performed using a pair of substantially orthogonally oriented acousto-optic Bragg cells.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as in claim 65 wherein the transforming step is performed using a digital fast Fourier transform algorithm.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as in claim 65 wherein the transforming step is performed using electronic discrete Fourier transform techniques.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method as in claim 65 wherein the transforming step is performed using optical Fourier transform techniques.
Claim 87
Independent Claim
215 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: reference signal generator means for generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a phase and a frequency, range delay means for generating a delayed signal, the delayed signal corresponding to the reference signal delayed by a length of time, transmitter means for transmitting a signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal, receiver means for receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal, comparator means for comparing the scattered signal and the delayed signal and for generating output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the comparator means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 88
Independent Claim
215 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: reference signal generator means for generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a phase and a frequency, range delay means for generating a delayed signal, the delayed signal corresponding to the reference signal delayed by a length of time, transmitter means for transmitting a signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal, receiver means for receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal, comparator means for comparing the scattered signal and the delayed signal and for generating output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the comparator means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
37 words
The system as in claim 71, wherein the system comprises a radar imaging system and wherein the transmitter means comprises means for transmitting a radar signal and the receiver means comprises means for receiving a radar signal.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
37 words
The system as in claim 72, wherein the system comprises a synthetic aperture radar imaging system and further comprises means for moving at least one of the transmitter means and the receiver means relative to the object.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
38 words
The system as in claim 72, wherein the system comprises an inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging system and further comprises means for moving the object relative to at least one of the transmitter means and the receiver means.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
40 words
The system as in claim 71, wherein the system comprises a coherent optical imaging system and wherein the transmitter means comprises means for transmitting a coherent optical signal and the receiver means comprises means for receiving a coherent optical signal.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
37 words
The system as in claim 71, wherein the system comprises an acoustic imaging system and wherein the transmitter means comprises means for transmitting an acoustic signal and the receiver means comprises means for receiving an acoustic signal.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
41 words
The system as in claim 71, wherein the object and the transmitter means are in relative motion and further comprising motion compensator means for modifying the scattered signal in response to the relative motion of the object and the transmitter means.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
52 words
The system as in claim 71, wherein the object defines a coordinate system having a center and wherein the time by which the delayed signal is delayed relative to the reference signal is substantially equal to the round trip propagation time of the transmitted wave to the center of the coordinate system.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
31 words
The system as in claim 71, wherein the transmitted signal defines a spatial frequency and further comprising means for introducing a time dependence to the spatial frequency of the transmitted signal.
Claim 97
Independent Claim
194 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: reference signal generator means for generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a frequency and a phase, transmitter means for transmitting a transmitted signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal, receiver means for receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal, comparator means for comparing the scattered signal and the reference signal and for generating output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the comparator means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 98
Independent Claim
194 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: reference signal generator means for generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a frequency and a phase, transmitter means for transmitting a transmitted signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal, receiver means for receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal, comparator means for comparing the scattered signal and the reference signal and for generating output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the comparator means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 99
Independent Claim
206 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining a plurality of basis functions having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising, transmitter means for generating a signal which induces a time-dependent spatial response within the object, receiver means for sensing the time-dependent spatial response within the object, sampling means for generating a plurality of samples of the time-dependant spatial response within the object sensed by the receiver means, the plurality of samples corresponding to a plurality of complex amplitudes of the basis functions, controller means for associating samples generated by the sampling means and vector spatial frequencies of spatial basis functions of the object and for generating a plurality of output signals, each of the plurality of output signals corresponding to an amplitude, a phase, and a vector spatial frequency of a basis function, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the plurality of output signals generated by the controller means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 100
Independent Claim
206 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining a plurality of basis functions having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising, transmitter means for generating a signal which induces a time-dependent spatial response within the object, receiver means for sensing the time-dependent spatial response within the object, sampling means for generating a plurality of samples of the time-dependant spatial response within the object sensed by the receiver means, the plurality of samples corresponding to a plurality of complex amplitudes of the basis functions, controller means for associating samples generated by the sampling means and vector spatial frequencies of spatial basis functions of the object and for generating a plurality of output signals, each of the plurality of output signals corresponding to an amplitude, a phase, and a vector spatial frequency of a basis function, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the plurality of output signals generated by the controller means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
30 words
The system as in claim 81 wherein the system comprises a magnetic resonance imaging system and wherein the transmitter means and the receiver means comprise a magnetic resonance measurement device.
Claim 102
Independent Claim
200 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the method comprising: generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a frequency and a phase, transmitting a transmitted signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal, generating a delayed signal, the delayed signal corresponding to the reference signal delayed by a length of time, receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal, comparing the scattered signal and the delayed signal, generating output signals in response to the comparison of the scattered signal and the delayed signal, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals, the step of generating a reconstructed image comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, detecting the recreated basis function, and summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 103
Independent Claim
200 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the method comprising: generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a frequency and a phase, transmitting a transmitted signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal, generating a delayed signal, the delayed signal corresponding to the reference signal delayed by a length of time, receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal, comparing the scattered signal and the delayed signal, generating output signals in response to the comparison of the scattered signal and the delayed signal, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals, the step of generating a reconstructed image comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, detecting the recreated basis function, and summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method as in claim 83, wherein the method comprises a radar imaging method and wherein the transmitting step comprises the step of transmitting a radar signal and the receiving step comprises the step of receiving a radar signal.
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
58 words
The method as in claim 84, wherein the method comprises a synthetic aperture radar imaging method, wherein the transmitting step is performed by a radar transmitter, wherein the receiving step is performed by a radar receiver, and further comprising the step of moving at least one of the radar transmitter and the radar receiver relative to the object.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method as in claim 84, wherein the method comprises an inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging method, wherein the transmitting step is performed by a radar transmitter, wherein the receiving step is performed by a radar receiver, and further comprising the step of moving the object relative to at least one of the radar transmitter and the radar receiver.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method as in claim 83, wherein the method comprises an acoustic imaging method and wherein the transmitting step comprises the step of transmitting an acoustic signal and the receiving step comprises the step of receiving an acoustic signal.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method as in claim 83, wherein the method comprises a coherent optical imaging method and wherein the transmitting step comprises the step of transmitting a coherent optical signal and the receiving step comprises the step of receiving a coherent optical signal.
Claim 109
Independent Claim
263 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: transmitted radiation means for irradiating the object with a transmitted wave, reference radiation means for irradiating the object with a reference wave, whereby the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfere on the object and create a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a scattered radiation amplitude and a spatial frequency, receiver means for measuring the scattered radiation amplitude, the scattered radiation amplitude corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the interference of the reference wave and the transmitted wave, comparator means for comparing the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a first phase and spatial frequency and the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a second phase and for generating output signals based upon the compared scattered radiation amplitudes, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, controller means for varying the phase and the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the comparator means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 110
Independent Claim
263 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: transmitted radiation means for irradiating the object with a transmitted wave, reference radiation means for irradiating the object with a reference wave, whereby the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfere on the object and create a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a scattered radiation amplitude and a spatial frequency, receiver means for measuring the scattered radiation amplitude, the scattered radiation amplitude corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the interference of the reference wave and the transmitted wave, comparator means for comparing the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a first phase and spatial frequency and the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a second phase and for generating output signals based upon the compared scattered radiation amplitudes, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, controller means for varying the phase and the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the comparator means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
29 words
The system as in claim 89 wherein the transmitted radiation means comprises means for transmitting an optical wave and the receiver means comprises means for receiving an optical wave.
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
38 words
The system as in claim 89, wherein the system comprises a radar imaging system and wherein the transmitted radiation means comprises means for transmitting a radar wave and the receiver means comprises means for receiving a radar wave.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
38 words
The system as in claim 91, wherein the system comprises a synthetic aperture radar imaging system and further comprising means for moving at least one of the transmitted radiation means and the receiver means relative to the object.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
39 words
The system as in claim 91, wherein the system comprises an inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging system and further comprising means for moving the object relative to at least one of the transmitted radiation means and the receiver means.
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
38 words
The system as in claim 89, wherein the system comprises an acoustic imaging system and wherein the transmitted radiation means comprises means for transmitting an acoustic wave and the receiver means comprises means for receiving an acoustic wave.
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system as in claim 89 wherein the transmitted radiation means and the reference radiation means each comprise a source of coherent light.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system as in claim 89 wherein the transmitted radiation means and the reference radiation means each comprise a source of electromagnetic radiation.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system as in claim 89 wherein the transmitted radiation means and the reference radiation means each comprise a coherent source of particle radiation.
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
17 words
The system as in claim 89 wherein the receiver means comprises a collecting lens and a photodetector.
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
35 words
The system as in claim 89 wherein the controller means comprises means for controlling the position of the object relative to at least one of the transmitted and reference radiation means and the receiver means.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
29 words
The system as in claim 99 wherein the controller means comprises a rotatable platform on which the object is placed and means for controlling the rotation of the platform.
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
32 words
The system as in claim 89 wherein the transmitted and reference waves define an angle of interference and wherein the controller means comprises means for monitoring and controlling the angle of interference.
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
32 words
The system as in claim 89 wherein the plurality of fringes define a phase and wherein the controller means comprises phase modulator means for modulating the phase of the plurality of fringes.
Claim 124
Independent Claim
203 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object defining at least one basis function, the method comprising: irradiating the object with a transmitted wave, irradiating the object with a reference wave, the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfering on the object and creating a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a spatial frequency and a scattered radiation amplitude, measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a first scattered radiation amplitude measurement, varying the phase of the plurality of fringes, measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes after varying the phase of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a second scattered radiation amplitude measurement, comparing the first and second scattered radiation amplitude measurements to thereby obtain a compared scattered radiation complex amplitude measurement, the complex amplitude corresponding to an amplitude and a phase of a basis function, and generating an image of the object based upon a plurality of compared scattered radiation amplitude measurements, the step of generating an image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, detecting the recreated basis function, and summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 125
Independent Claim
203 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object defining at least one basis function, the method comprising: irradiating the object with a transmitted wave, irradiating the object with a reference wave, the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfering on the object and creating a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a spatial frequency and a scattered radiation amplitude, measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a first scattered radiation amplitude measurement, varying the phase of the plurality of fringes, measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes after varying the phase of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a second scattered radiation amplitude measurement, comparing the first and second scattered radiation amplitude measurements to thereby obtain a compared scattered radiation complex amplitude measurement, the complex amplitude corresponding to an amplitude and a phase of a basis function, and generating an image of the object based upon a plurality of compared scattered radiation amplitude measurements, the step of generating an image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, detecting the recreated basis function, and summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method as in claim 103 wherein the step of irradiating the object with a transmitted wave comprises the step of irradiating the object with an optical wave.
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as in claim 103, wherein the method comprises an acoustic imaging method and wherein the step of irradiating the object with a transmitted wave comprises the step of irradiating the object with an acoustic wave.
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as in claim 103, wherein the method comprises a radar imaging method and wherein the step of irradiating the object with a transmitted wave comprises the step of irradiating the object with a radar wave.
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method as in claim 106, wherein the method comprises a synthetic aperture radar imaging method, wherein the step of irradiating the object with a transmitted wave is performed by a radar transmitter, and further comprising the step of moving the radar transmitter relative to the object.
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method as in claim 106, wherein the method comprises an inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging method, wherein the step of irradiating the object with a transmitted wave is performed by a radar transmitter, and further comprising the step of moving the object relative to the radar transmitter.
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method as in claim 103 wherein the step of varying the phase of the plurality of fringes comprises the step of varying the phase of the plurality of fringes so that the phase of the plurality of fringes after the varying step differs from the phase of the plurality of fringes before the varying step by π/2 radians.
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
68 words
The method as in claim 103 wherein the transmitted wave defines a first temporal frequency having a magnitude, the reference wave defines a second temporal frequency having a magnitude, and wherein the step of varying the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes comprises the step of varying the relative magnitudes of the first and second temporal frequencies, whereby a travelling fringe pattern is created on the object.
Claim 133
Independent Claim
241 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object defining at least one basis function, the at least one basis function being defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising: means for irradiating the object with a transmitted wave, means for irradiating the object with a reference wave, the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfering on the object and creating a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a spatial frequency and a scattered radiation amplitude, means for measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a first scattered radiation amplitude measurement, means for comparing the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a first phase and spatial frequency and the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a second phase and for generating output signals based upon the compared scattered radiation amplitudes, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, means for varying the phase and the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes, and means for generating an image of the object based upon a plurality of compared scattered radiation amplitude measurements, the means for generating an image of the object comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 134
Independent Claim
241 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object defining at least one basis function, the at least one basis function being defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising: means for irradiating the object with a transmitted wave, means for irradiating the object with a reference wave, the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfering on the object and creating a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a spatial frequency and a scattered radiation amplitude, means for measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a first scattered radiation amplitude measurement, means for comparing the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a first phase and spatial frequency and the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a second phase and for generating output signals based upon the compared scattered radiation amplitudes, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, means for varying the phase and the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes, and means for generating an image of the object based upon a plurality of compared scattered radiation amplitude measurements, the means for generating an image of the object comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
42 words
The system as in claim 111 wherein the plurality of fringes defines a phase and wherein the means for varying the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes comprises means for varying the phase of the plurality of fringes by π/2 radians.
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
67 words
The system as in claim 111 wherein the transmitted wave defines a first temporal frequency having a magnitude, the reference wave defines a second temporal frequency having a magnitude, and wherein the means for varying the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes comprises means for varying the relative magnitudes of the first and second temporal frequencies, whereby a travelling fringe pattern is created on the object.
Claim 137
Independent Claim
230 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: a plurality of radiation emitters for irradiating the object, modulation means for spatially modulating the plurality of radiation emitters to establish a first modulation of radiation intensity defining a first phase, modulation means for spatially modulating the plurality of radiation emitters to establish a second modulation of radiation intensity defining a second phase, the first phase and the second phase differing by π/2 radians radiation detection means for detecting radiation scattered by the object from the first modulation of radiation intensity and radiation scattered by the object from the second modulation of radiation intensity, integrator means for comparing radiation scattered by the object from the first and second modulations of radiation intensity and for generating output signals based upon the compared radiation, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the integrator means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 138
Independent Claim
230 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: a plurality of radiation emitters for irradiating the object, modulation means for spatially modulating the plurality of radiation emitters to establish a first modulation of radiation intensity defining a first phase, modulation means for spatially modulating the plurality of radiation emitters to establish a second modulation of radiation intensity defining a second phase, the first phase and the second phase differing by π/2 radians radiation detection means for detecting radiation scattered by the object from the first modulation of radiation intensity and radiation scattered by the object from the second modulation of radiation intensity, integrator means for comparing radiation scattered by the object from the first and second modulations of radiation intensity and for generating output signals based upon the compared radiation, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the integrator means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 139
Dependent Claim
18 words
The system as in claim 114 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting radio frequency electromagnetic waves.
Claim 140
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as in claim 114 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting optical waves.
Claim 141
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 114 wherein the radiation emitters comprises means for emitting x-rays.
Claim 142
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as in claim 114 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting gamma rays.
Claim 143
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as in claim 114 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting acoustic waves.
Claim 144
Independent Claim
147 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: a plurality of radiation emitters for irradiating the object, radiation detection means for detecting the irradiating radiation, Fourier analysis means for performing a Fourier analysis of the detected radiation signal and for generating a sequence of output signals, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the Fourier analysis means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 145
Independent Claim
147 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising: a plurality of radiation emitters for irradiating the object, radiation detection means for detecting the irradiating radiation, Fourier analysis means for performing a Fourier analysis of the detected radiation signal and for generating a sequence of output signals, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the Fourier analysis means, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, means for detecting the recreated basis function, and means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 146
Dependent Claim
18 words
The system as in claim 120 wherein the means for performing the Fourier analysis comprises a digital processor.
Claim 147
Dependent Claim
18 words
The system as in claim 120 wherein the means for performing the Fourier analysis comprises an optical processor.
Claim 148
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as in claim 120 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting x-rays.
Claim 149
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as in claim 120 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting gamma rays.
Claim 150
Dependent Claim
18 words
The system as in claim 120 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting radio frequency electromagnetic waves.
Claim 151
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as in claim 120 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting optical waves.
Claim 152
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as in claim 120 wherein the radiation emitters comprise means for emitting acoustic waves.
Claim 153
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the method comprising the steps of: irradiating the object with radiation, detecting the irradiating radiation after it has interacted with the object, performing a Fourier analysis of the detected radiation signal and generating a sequence of output signals, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the Fourier analysis, the step of generating a reconstructed image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, detecting the recreated basis function, and summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 154
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the method comprising the steps of: irradiating the object with radiation, detecting the irradiating radiation after it has interacted with the object, performing a Fourier analysis of the detected radiation signal and generating a sequence of output signals, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the Fourier analysis, the step of generating a reconstructed image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function, detecting the recreated basis function, and summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 155
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as in claim 128 wherein the irradiating step comprises the step of irradiating the object with x-rays.
Claim 156
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as in claim 128 wherein the irradiating step comprises the step of irradiating the object with acoustic waves.
Claim 157
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as in claim 128 wherein the irradiating step comprises the step of irradiating the object with radio waves.
Claim 158
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as in claim 128 wherein the irradiating step comprises the step of irradiating the object with optical waves.
Claim 159
Independent Claim
153 words
A system for generating an image of an object, wherein the object is represented as an expansion of spatial basis function parameters in accordance with the following equation: ##EQU16## where T(x) represents the object, B(x,ξ) represents a linear combination of orthogonal basis functions defined at every point x in the object and characterized by a set of parameters ξ, and A represents the amplitude of the basis function, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the amplitudes A of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured amplitudes of the basis functions and the parameters ξ, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing a plurality of the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 160
Independent Claim
153 words
A system for generating an image of an object, wherein the object is represented as an expansion of spatial basis function parameters in accordance with the following equation: ##EQU16## where T(x) represents the object, B(x,ξ) represents a linear combination of orthogonal basis functions defined at every point x in the object and characterized by a set of parameters ξ, and A represents the amplitude of the basis function, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the amplitudes A of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured amplitudes of the basis functions and the parameters ξ, the image synthesis means comprising: means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing a plurality of the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 161
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system as in claim 133 wherein the sensing means comprises means for sequentially measuring the amplitudes A of the basis functions over time.
Claim 162
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system as in claim 133 wherein the basis functions are substantially sinusoidal and wherein the sensing means comprises means for transmitting plane waves.
Claim 163
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system as in claim 133 wherein the basis functions have curvature and wherein the sensing means comprises means for transmitting spherical waves.
Claim 164
Independent Claim
146 words
A method for generating an image of an object, wherein the object is represented as an expansion of spatial basis function parameters in accordance with the following equation: ##EQU17## where T(x) represents the object, B(x,ξ) represents a linear combination of orthogonal basis functions defined at every point x in the object and characterized by a set of parameters ξ, and A represents the amplitude of the basis function, the system comprising: measuring the amplitudes A of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured amplitudes of the basis functions and the parameters ξ, the step of generating a reconstructed image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, detecting the recreated basis functions, and summing a plurality of the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 165
Independent Claim
146 words
A method for generating an image of an object, wherein the object is represented as an expansion of spatial basis function parameters in accordance with the following equation: ##EQU17## where T(x) represents the object, B(x,ξ) represents a linear combination of orthogonal basis functions defined at every point x in the object and characterized by a set of parameters ξ, and A represents the amplitude of the basis function, the system comprising: measuring the amplitudes A of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured amplitudes of the basis functions and the parameters ξ, the step of generating a reconstructed image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, detecting the recreated basis functions, and summing a plurality of the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 166
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as in claim 137 wherein the measuring step comprises the step of sequentially measuring the amplitudes A of the basis functions over time.
Claim 167
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as in claim 137 wherein the basis functions are substantially sinusoidal and wherein the measuring step comprises the step of transmitting plane waves.
Claim 168
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as in claim 137 wherein the basis functions have curvature and wherein the measuring step comprises the step of transmitting spherical waves.
Claim 169
Dependent Claim
156 words
The system of claim 41, wherein the object has at least one spatial component and defines at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system further comprising: reference signal generator means for generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a phase and a frequency, range delay means for generating a delayed signal, the delayed signal corresponding to the reference signal delayed by a length of time, transmitter means for transmitting a signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal, receiver means for receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal, and comparator means for comparing the scattered signal and the delayed signal and for generating output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object.
Claim 170
Dependent Claim
135 words
The system of claim 41, wherein the object has at least one spatial component and defines at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system further comprising: reference signal generator means for generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a frequency and a phase, transmitter means for transmitting a transmitted signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal, receiver means for receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal, and comparator means for comparing the scattered signal and the reference signal and for generating output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object.
Claim 171
Dependent Claim
145 words
The system of claim 41, wherein the object has at least one spatial component and defines a plurality of basis functions having an amplitude and a phase, the system further comprising, transmitter means for generating a signal which induces a time-dependent spatial response within the object, receiver means for sensing the time-dependent spatial response within the object, sampling means for generating a plurality of samples of the time-dependant spatial response within the object sensed by the receiver means, the plurality of samples corresponding to a plurality of complex amplitudes of the basis functions, and controller means for associating samples generated by the sampling means and vector spatial frequencies of spatial basis functions of the object and for generating a plurality of output signals, each of the plurality of output signals corresponding to an amplitude, a phase, and a vector spatial frequency of a basis function.
Claim 172
Dependent Claim
204 words
The system of claim 41, wherein the object has at least one spatial component and defines at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system further comprising: transmitted radiation means for irradiating the object with a transmitted wave, reference radiation means for irradiating the object with a reference wave, whereby the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfere on the object and create a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a scattered radiation amplitude and a spatial frequency, receiver means for measuring the scattered radiation amplitude, the scattered radiation amplitude corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the interference of the reference wave and the transmitted wave, comparator means for comparing the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a first phase and spatial frequency and the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a second phase and for generating output signals based upon the compared scattered radiation amplitudes, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and controller means for varying the phase and the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes.
Claim 173
Dependent Claim
164 words
The system of claim 41, wherein the object defines at least one basis function, the system further comprising: means for irradiating the object with a transmitted wave, means for irradiating the object with a reference wave, the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfering on the object and creating a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defines a spatial frequency and a scattered radiation amplitude, means for measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a first scattered radiation amplitude measurement, means for comparing the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a first phase and spatial frequency and the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a second phase and for generating output signals based upon the compared scattered radiation amplitudes, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and means for varying the phase and the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes.
Claim 174
Dependent Claim
171 words
The system of claim 41, wherein the object has at least one spatial component and defines at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system further comprising: a plurality of radiation emitters for irradiating the object, modulation means for spatially modulating the plurality of radiation emitters to establish a first modulation of radiation intensity defining a first phase, modulation means for spatially modulating the plurality of radiation emitters to establish a second modulation of radiation intensity defining a second phase, the first phase and the second phase differing by π/2 radians radiation detection means for detecting radiation scattered by the object from the first modulation of radiation intensity and radiation scattered by the object from the second modulation of radiation intensity, and integrator means for comparing radiation scattered by the object from the first and second modulations of radiation intensity and for generating output signals based upon the compared radiation, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object.
Claim 175
Dependent Claim
87 words
The system of claim 41, wherein the object has at least one spatial component and defines at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system further comprising: a plurality of radiation emitters for irradiating the object, radiation detection means for detecting the irradiating radiation, and Fourier analysis means for performing a Fourier analysis of the detected radiation signal and for generating a sequence of output signals, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object.
Claim 176
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system of claim 13 wherein the integration means comprises a digital memory and an arithmetic processor for accumulating digitized data.
Claim 177
Dependent Claim
28 words
The system of claim 50 wherein the means for summing the recreated basis functions over time comprises a digital memory and an arithmetic processor for accumulating digitized data.
Claim 178
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system of claim 8, wherein the wavelike energy comprises light and wherein the means for interfering wavelike energy comprises means for interfering light.
Claim 179
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system of claim 12 wherein the energy sensor array comprises a photosensor array and wherein the projection means comprises an optical projection system.
Claim 180
Independent Claim
106 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising: providing a sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, the step of generating a reconstructed image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, detecting the recreated basis functions, and summing the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 181
Independent Claim
106 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising: providing a sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, the step of generating a reconstructed image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, detecting the recreated basis functions, and summing the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 182
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising: measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition, and generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, the step of generating a reconstructed image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, detecting the recreated basis functions, and summing the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 183
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising: measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition, and generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, the step of generating a reconstructed image of the object comprising: interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions, detecting the recreated basis functions, and summing the recreated basis functions over time.
Claim 184
Independent Claim
148 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising: defining a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, providing focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, providing transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, the plurality of interference fringes in the image plane comprising scaled copies of the basis functions that define the object, detecting the interference fringes in the image plane, and integrating the plurality of interference fringes.
Claim 185
Independent Claim
148 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising: defining a focusing plane, a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, providing focusing lens means located substantially at the focusing plane for focusing collimated light waves to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, providing transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the light source images in the frequency plane into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, the plurality of interference fringes in the image plane comprising scaled copies of the basis functions that define the object, detecting the interference fringes in the image plane, and integrating the plurality of interference fringes.
Claim 186
Independent Claim
167 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising: defining a focusing plane and a frequency plane, the focusing plane and the frequency plane being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, providing a signal defining an amplitude and a spatial frequency of a basis function, deflecting a collimated beam in response to the signal, providing a focusing means substantially at the focusing plane for focusing the collimated beam to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, the light source images substantially at the frequency plane defining amplitudes, detecting the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane, recording the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane to thereby define a frequency map, Fourier transforming the recorded amplitudes of the frequency map into a plurality of amplitudes defining an image map, and displaying the image map.
Claim 187
Independent Claim
167 words
A method for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the method comprising: defining a focusing plane and a frequency plane, the focusing plane and the frequency plane being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, providing a signal defining an amplitude and a spatial frequency of a basis function, deflecting a collimated beam in response to the signal, providing a focusing means substantially at the focusing plane for focusing the collimated beam to form light source images substantially at the frequency plane, the light source images substantially at the frequency plane defining amplitudes, detecting the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane, recording the amplitudes of the light source images at the frequency plane to thereby define a frequency map, Fourier transforming the recorded amplitudes of the frequency map into a plurality of amplitudes defining an image map, and displaying the image map.
Claim 188
Independent Claim
307 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, beam splitting means for dividing the collimated beam into a first beam and a second beam, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the first beam, deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane, amplitude and phase modulation means for modulating the amplitude and phase of the second beam, deflection means for deflecting the second beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected second beam being substantially opposite to the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected first beam, curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 189
Independent Claim
307 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, beam splitting means for dividing the collimated beam into a first beam and a second beam, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the first beam, deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane, amplitude and phase modulation means for modulating the amplitude and phase of the second beam, deflection means for deflecting the second beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected second beam being substantially opposite to the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected first beam, curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 190
Independent Claim
285 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, beam splitting means for dividing the collimated beam into a first beam and a second beam, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the first beam, deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane, amplitude and phase modulation means for modulating the amplitude and phase of the second beam, deflection means for deflecting the second beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected second beam being substantially opposite to the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected first beam, curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
Claim 191
Independent Claim
285 words
A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises: beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase, beam splitting means for dividing the collimated beam into a first beam and a second beam, amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the first beam, deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane, amplitude and phase modulation means for modulating the amplitude and phase of the second beam, deflection means for deflecting the second beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected second beam being substantially opposite to the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected first beam, curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane, transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
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| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-07-25 | 2003-01-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-01-23 | 2006-07-25 | 2007-01-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |