US5478365A — Heavy hydrocarbon emulsions and stable petroleum …

Claim 1

Independent Claim 92 words

A combustible heavy hydrocarbon-in-water emulsion comprising: a. a nitrogen base neutralized phosphate-ester emulsifier in about 0.2 to about 1.0 wt. % amount, b. a water-soluble emulsion stabilizer comprising a high molecular weight water-soluble thickener in about 0.02 to about 0.2 wt. % amount; c. water in about 25 to 50 wt. % amount; and d. a high softening point hydrocarbon material in an amount to make 100 wt. % emulsion wherein said hydrocarbon material consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 92 words

A combustible heavy hydrocarbon-in-water emulsion comprising: a. a nitrogen base neutralized phosphate-ester emulsifier in about 0.2 to about 1.0 wt. % amount, b. a water-soluble emulsion stabilizer comprising a high molecular weight water-soluble thickener in about 0.02 to about 0.2 wt. % amount; c. water in about 25 to 50 wt. % amount; and d. a high softening point hydrocarbon material in an amount to make 100 wt. % emulsion wherein said hydrocarbon material consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 48 words

The emulsion of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon material has a softening point in the range 100 to 400° F., said emulsifier is an ammonium hydroxide neutralized salt of a mixed mono- and di-ester of ethoxlylated alkylphenol and phosphoric acid, and said emulsion stabilizer is a mucilaginous gum.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 12 words

The emulsion of claim 2 wherein said hydrocarbon is an asphaltic material.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 12 words

The emulsion of claim 3 wherein said asphaltic material is SDA tar.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 18 words

A slurry fuel comprising 30 to 60 weight percent particulate petroleum coke and the emulsion of claim 4.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 14 words

A slurry fuel according to claim 5 comprising about 60-80 wt. % total solids.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 20 words

A slurry fuel according to claim 6 wherein the coke to SDA tar ratio is about 1:1 to about 4:1.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 20 words

A slurry fuel according to claim 7 wherein the coke to SDA tar ratio is about 1.5:1 to about 2.5:1.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 32 words

The combustible water emulsion of claim 4 wherein the SDA tar is in the form of SDA tar particles substantially having a median particle diameter in the range of about 2-3 microns.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 23 words

The slurry fuel of claim 5 wherein the coke particulate substantially comprises coke particles of median particle diameter substantially greater than 2-3 microns.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 119 words

A combustible water emulsion of solvent deasphalted bottoms (SDA tar) comprising: a. a water-soluble mucilaginous gum in about 0.02 to about 0.2 wt. % amount; b. an ammonium salt of a mixed mono- and di-ester of ethoxylated alkylphenol and phosphoric acid in about 0.4 to about 1.0 wt. % amount; c. excess ammonium hydroxide sufficient to form a pH in the range of 10-11 and in the amount of 0.2 to 1 wt. %; d. water in about 25 to 50 wt. % amount; and e. SDA tar in an amount to make 100 wt. % emulsion wherein said hydrocarbon material consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 119 words

A combustible water emulsion of solvent deasphalted bottoms (SDA tar) comprising: a. a water-soluble mucilaginous gum in about 0.02 to about 0.2 wt. % amount; b. an ammonium salt of a mixed mono- and di-ester of ethoxylated alkylphenol and phosphoric acid in about 0.4 to about 1.0 wt. % amount; c. excess ammonium hydroxide sufficient to form a pH in the range of 10-11 and in the amount of 0.2 to 1 wt. %; d. water in about 25 to 50 wt. % amount; and e. SDA tar in an amount to make 100 wt. % emulsion wherein said hydrocarbon material consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 18 words

A slurry fuel comprising 40 to 55 weight percent particulate petroleum coke and the emulsion of claim 11.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 162 words

A process of making a combustible water emulsion of a heavy hydrocarbon comprising the steps of: a. heating said heavy hydrocarbon to a temperature above the softening point of said heavy hydrocarbon, and b. emulsifying said heavy hydrocarbon with water under conditions such that the heavy hydrocarbon is maintained above its softening point during emulsification and in the presence of a nitrogen base neutralized phosphate-ester emulsifying agent and a water-soluble emulsion stabilizer comprising a high molecular weight water-soluble thickener thereby forming an emulsion of said heavy hydrocarbon in water wherein said heavy hydrocarbon consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median particle diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns, and wherein said phosphate-ester emulsifier is in the range 0.2 to about 2.0 weight percent, said water-soluble emulsion stabilizer is in the range about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent, water in about 25 to 50 weight percent and said heavy hydrocarbon in an amount to make 100 percent emulsion.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 162 words

A process of making a combustible water emulsion of a heavy hydrocarbon comprising the steps of: a. heating said heavy hydrocarbon to a temperature above the softening point of said heavy hydrocarbon, and b. emulsifying said heavy hydrocarbon with water under conditions such that the heavy hydrocarbon is maintained above its softening point during emulsification and in the presence of a nitrogen base neutralized phosphate-ester emulsifying agent and a water-soluble emulsion stabilizer comprising a high molecular weight water-soluble thickener thereby forming an emulsion of said heavy hydrocarbon in water wherein said heavy hydrocarbon consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median particle diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns, and wherein said phosphate-ester emulsifier is in the range 0.2 to about 2.0 weight percent, said water-soluble emulsion stabilizer is in the range about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent, water in about 25 to 50 weight percent and said heavy hydrocarbon in an amount to make 100 percent emulsion.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 62 words

A process according to claim 13 wherein said heavy hydrocarbon is an SDA tar having a softening point in the range 180° to 230° F. and a colloid mill is used to emulsify said heavy hydrocarbon said colloid mill being operated at a temperature and pressure sufficient to maintain said heavy hydrocarbon in a fluid state during the formation of said emulsion.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 173 words

A process of making a combustible water emulsion of solvent deasphalted bottoms (SDA tar) comprising the steps of: a. melting said SDA tar by heating to a temperature in the range of about 350° F. to 400° F. to form an SDA tar melt, and b. emulsifying said SDA tar melt with water heated to a temperature in the range of about 100° F. to 160° F. in a colloid mill operated at elevated temperatures in the presence of a nitrogen base neutralized phosphate-ester emulsifying agent and a water-soluble emulsion stabilizer comprising a high molecular weight water-soluble thickener, and wherein said phosphate-ester emulsifier is in the range of 0.2 to about 2.0 weight percent, said water-soluble emulsion stabilizer is in the range about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent, water in about 25 to 50 weight percent and said solvent deasphalted bottoms in an amount to make 100 percent emulsion and said solvent deasphalted bottoms consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 173 words

A process of making a combustible water emulsion of solvent deasphalted bottoms (SDA tar) comprising the steps of: a. melting said SDA tar by heating to a temperature in the range of about 350° F. to 400° F. to form an SDA tar melt, and b. emulsifying said SDA tar melt with water heated to a temperature in the range of about 100° F. to 160° F. in a colloid mill operated at elevated temperatures in the presence of a nitrogen base neutralized phosphate-ester emulsifying agent and a water-soluble emulsion stabilizer comprising a high molecular weight water-soluble thickener, and wherein said phosphate-ester emulsifier is in the range of 0.2 to about 2.0 weight percent, said water-soluble emulsion stabilizer is in the range about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent, water in about 25 to 50 weight percent and said solvent deasphalted bottoms in an amount to make 100 percent emulsion and said solvent deasphalted bottoms consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 39 words

A process according to claim 15 wherein said emulsifying agent comprises an ammonium salt of a mixed mono- and di-ester of ethoxylated alkylphenol and phosphoric acid neutralized with excess ammonium hydroxide, and said emulsion stabilizer comprises a mucilaginous gum.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 214 words

A process for making a combustible water emulsion of a high-softening point asphaltic material comprising the steps of: a. preparing an emulsifier-water mixture containing a neutralized phosphate-ester and water-soluble thickener and heating the mixture to a temperature of from 70° F. to 190° F.; b. heating a high-softening point asphaltic material at a temperature in the range of about 250° F. to 500° F. to form a viscous asphaltic melt having a viscosity in the range 200 to 500 cSt; c. emulsifying said viscous asphaltic melt in said emulsifier-water mixture in a single pass through a colloid mill operated at an elevated temperature of about 200° F. to 300° F. and elevated pressure of about 40 to 90 psig; and d. cooling said emulsion to a temperature substantially below 200° F. under an elevated pressure sufficient to avoid substantial water evaporation, and wherein said phosphate-ester emulsifier is in the range 0.2 to about 2.0 weight percent, said water-soluble thickener stabilizer in about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent, water in about 25 to 50 weight percent and said high-softening point asphaltic material in an amount to make 100 percent emulsion and said high-softening point asphaltic material consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median diameter in the range of 1 to 31 microns.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 214 words

A process for making a combustible water emulsion of a high-softening point asphaltic material comprising the steps of: a. preparing an emulsifier-water mixture containing a neutralized phosphate-ester and water-soluble thickener and heating the mixture to a temperature of from 70° F. to 190° F.; b. heating a high-softening point asphaltic material at a temperature in the range of about 250° F. to 500° F. to form a viscous asphaltic melt having a viscosity in the range 200 to 500 cSt; c. emulsifying said viscous asphaltic melt in said emulsifier-water mixture in a single pass through a colloid mill operated at an elevated temperature of about 200° F. to 300° F. and elevated pressure of about 40 to 90 psig; and d. cooling said emulsion to a temperature substantially below 200° F. under an elevated pressure sufficient to avoid substantial water evaporation, and wherein said phosphate-ester emulsifier is in the range 0.2 to about 2.0 weight percent, said water-soluble thickener stabilizer in about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent, water in about 25 to 50 weight percent and said high-softening point asphaltic material in an amount to make 100 percent emulsion and said high-softening point asphaltic material consists essentially of substantially spherical particles having a median diameter in the range of 1 to 31 microns.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 56 words

A hydrocarbon-in-water emulsion comprising 50 to 75 weight percent hydrocarbon and 25 to 50 percent water wherein said hydrocarbon is an SDA tar having as a softening point greater than 160° F. and said hydrocarbon is present in said emulsion as substantially spherical particles with a median diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 56 words

A hydrocarbon-in-water emulsion comprising 50 to 75 weight percent hydrocarbon and 25 to 50 percent water wherein said hydrocarbon is an SDA tar having as a softening point greater than 160° F. and said hydrocarbon is present in said emulsion as substantially spherical particles with a median diameter in the range of 1 to 30 microns.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 41 words

The emulsion of claim 18 wherein said hydrocarbon is an SDA tar having a softening point in the range 180° to 230° F. and wherein the median particle size of said hydrocarbon is in the range of 2 to 5 microns.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1998-12-25	1999-06-26	1999-12-26	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2002-12-25	2003-06-26	2003-12-26	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2006-12-25	2007-06-26	2007-12-26	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Heavy hydrocarbon emulsions and stable petroleum coke slurries therewith

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