Fuel injector system

Claim 2

A high pressure fuel injector for internal combustion engines comprising: a fuel injector body having a high pressure fuel admission passage and a low pressure fuel return passage; a discharge nozzle connected to the injector body having a plenum and at least one fuel discharge orifice in communication with the plenum; a displaceable valve needle having a needle tip and a piston body with a front end from which the needle tip projects and a back end, wherein the injector body has a valve needle bore and the piston body of the valve needle is slidable in the valve needle bore, with the back end of the needle valve and the valve needle bore forming a hydraulic chamber, wherein the discharge nozzle has a seat contactable by the needle tip in a position blocking the discharge orifice from communication with the plenum and, wherein the needle has spring bias means for biasing the valve needle in a direction that urges the needle tip to the blocking position; a displaceable distributor valve wherein the injector body has a distributor valve bore and the distributor valve is slidable in the distributor valve bore; and, means for reversibly displacing the distributor valve to a first position, wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the plenum and discharge orifice on hydraulic displacement of the needle valve, and, a second position wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the hydraulic chamber and with the assistance of the spring bias means urges the needle valve tip against the nozzle seat blocking the discharge orifice, wherein in the first position of the distributor valve, the low pressure fuel passage communicates with the hydraulic chamber, and, in the second position of the distributor valve, the low pressure fuel passage communicates with the plenum.

Claim 3

The high pressure fuel injector of claim 1 having electronic control means for actuating the displacement means for the distributor valve.

Claim 4

The high pressure fuel injector of claim 1 wherein the distributor valve has bias means for biasing the distributor valve to said second position.

Claim 5

The high pressure fuel injector of claim 1 wherein the discharge nozzle has a fuel passage terminating in a conical portion at the end of the nozzle and wherein the discharge orifice has a tangential orientation to said discharge nozzle with downwardly directed passages, tangentially communicating with the conical portion of the nozzle fuel passage for inducing a swirl to fuel discharge.

Claim 6

The high pressure fuel injector of claim 1 wherein the discharge nozzle has a plurality of discharge orifices.

Claim 7

A high pressure fuel injector for internal combustion engines comprising: a fuel injector body having a high pressure fuel return passage; a discharge nozzle connected to the injector body having a plenum and at least one fuel discharge orifice in communication with the plenum; a displaceable valve needle having a needle tip and a piston body with a front end from which the needle tip projects and a back end, wherein the injector body has a valve needle bore and the piston body of the valve needle is slidable in the valve needle bore, with the back end of the valve needle and the valve needle bore forming a hydraulic chamber, and, wherein the discharge nozzle has a seat contactable by the needle tip in a position blocking the discharge orifice from communication with the plenum; a displaceable distributor valve wherein the injector body has a distributor valve bore and the distributor valve is slidable in the distributor valve bore; means for reversibly displacing the distributor valve to a first position, wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the plenum and discharge orifice on hydraulic displacement of the needle valve, and, a second position wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the hydraulic chamber and urges the needle valve tip against the nozzle seat blocking the discharge orifice; and high pressure hydraulic lines wherein the displaceable distributor valve and the means for reversibly displacing the distributor valve are embodied in a distributor component connected to the discharge nozzle and the displaceable valve needle by the high pressure hydraulic lines, wherein the discharge nozzle and the displaceable valve needle are incorporated into a nozzle body, wherein the piston body of the valve needle includes multiple bypass channels and the discharge nozzle includes multiple fuel supply passages which communicate with the plenum on alignment of the supply passages with the bypass channels.

Claim 8

A high pressure fuel injector for internal combustion engines comprising: a fuel injector body having a high pressure fuel return passage; a discharge nozzle connected to the injector body having a plenum and at least one fuel discharge orifice in communication with the plenum; a displaceable valve needle having a needle tip and a piston body with a front end from which the needle tip projects and a back end, wherein the injector body has a valve needle bore and the piston body of the valve needle is slidable in the valve needle bore, with the back end of the valve needle and the valve needle bore forming a hydraulic chamber, and, wherein the discharge nozzle has a seat contactable by the needle tip in a position blocking the discharge orifice from communication with the plenum; a displaceable distributor valve wherein the injector body has a distributor valve bore and the distributor valve is slidable in the distributor valve bore; means for reversibly displacing the distributor valve to a first position, wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the plenum and discharge orifice on hydraulic displacement of the needle valve, and, a second position wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the hydraulic chamber and urges the needle valve tip against the nozzle seat blocking the discharge orifice; and high pressure hydraulic lines wherein the displaceable distributor valve and the means for reversibly displacing the distributor valve are embodied in a distributor component connected to the discharge nozzle and the displaceable valve needle by the high pressure hydraulic lines, wherein the discharge nozzle and the displaceable valve needle are incorporated into a nozzle body, wherein the piston body of the valve needle includes multiple bypass channels and the discharge nozzle includes multiple fuel supply passages which communicate with the plenum on alignment of the supply passages with the bypass channels.

Claim 9

The high pressure fuel injector of claim 6 wherein at least one of the supply passages is aligned with the bypass channel on displacement of the piston body.

Claim 10

The high pressure fuel injector of claim 6 wherein alignment of the supply passages with the bypass channels is sequential on displacement of the piston body.

Claim 11

A high pressure fuel injector for internal combustion engines comprising: a fuel injector body having a high pressure fuel admission passage and a low pressure fuel return passage; a discharge nozzle connected to the injector body having a plenum and at least one fuel discharge orifice in communication with the plenum; a displaceable valve needle having a needle tip and a piston body with a front end from which the needle tip projects and a back end, wherein the injector body has a valve needle bore and the piston body of the valve needle is slidable in the valve needle bore, with the back end of the needle valve and the valve needle bore forming a hydraulic chamber, wherein the discharge nozzle has a seat contactable by the needle tip in a position blocking the discharge orifice from communication with the plenum and, wherein the valve needle has spring bias means for biasing the valve needle in a direction that urges the needle tip to the blocking position; a displaceable distributor valve wherein the injector body has a distributor valve bore and the distributor valve is slidable in the distributor valve bore; means for reversible displacing the distributor valve to a first position, wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the plenum and discharge orifice on hydraulic displacement of the needle valve, and, a second position wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the hydraulic chamber and with the assistance of the spring bias means urges the needle valve tip against the nozzle seat blocking the discharge orifice; and high pressure hydraulic lines wherein the displaceable distributor valve and the means for reversibly displacing the distributor valve are embodied in a distributor component connected to the discharge nozzle and the displaceable valve needle by the high pressure hydraulic lines.

Claim 12

A high pressure fuel injector for internal combustion engines comprising: a fuel injector body having a high pressure fuel admission passage and a low pressure fuel return passage; a discharge nozzle connected to the injector body having a plenum and at least one fuel discharge orifice in communication with the plenum; a displaceable valve needle having a needle tip and a piston body with a front end from which the needle tip projects and a back end, wherein the injector body has a valve needle bore and the piston body of the valve needle is slidable in the valve needle bore, with the back end of the needle valve and the valve needle bore forming a hydraulic chamber, wherein the discharge nozzle has a seat contactable by the needle tip in a position blocking the discharge orifice from communication with the plenum and, wherein the valve needle has spring bias means for biasing the valve needle in a direction that urges the needle tip to the blocking position; a displaceable distributor valve wherein the injector body has a distributor valve bore and the distributor valve is slidable in the distributor valve bore; means for reversible displacing the distributor valve to a first position, wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the plenum and discharge orifice on hydraulic displacement of the needle valve, and, a second position wherein the high pressure fuel admission passage communicates with the hydraulic chamber and with the assistance of the spring bias means urges the needle valve tip against the nozzle seat blocking the discharge orifice; and high pressure hydraulic lines wherein the displaceable distributor valve and the means for reversibly displacing the distributor valve are embodied in a distributor component connected to the discharge nozzle and the displaceable valve needle by the high pressure hydraulic lines.

Claim 13

The high pressure fuel injector of claim 9 wherein the discharge nozzle has valve means for producing a fuel pulse profile with an incline initiation and an abrupt termination.