US5376612A
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Chromium catalysts and process for making chromium catalysts
Assignee: Phillips Petroleum Co
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Filing: 1993-08-20
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Granted: 1994-12-27
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Expires: 2013-08-20
Abstract
Abstract Novel chromium-containing compounds, such as, for example, chromium pyrrolides, are prepared by forming a mixture of a chromium salt, a metal amide, and an electron pair donor solvent, such as, for example, an ether. These novel chromium-containing, or chromium pyrrolide, compounds can be used either unsupported or supported on an inorganic oxide support, with a metal alkyl and an unsaturated hydrocarbon, to trimerize, oligomerize, and/or polymerize olefins.
Inventors
- 👤 William K. Reagen
- 👤 Ted M. Pettijohn
- 👤 Jeffrey W. Freeman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 12:14
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J31/00; B01J31/16; B01J31/22; B01J31/2204; B01J31/2208; B01J23/00; B01J23/16; B01J23/24; B01J23/26; B01J31/1616; B01J31/18; B01J31/1805; B01J31/181; B01J31/2213; B01J37/00; B01J37/02; B01J37/0201; B01J37/0203; C; C07; C07C; C07C2/00; C07C2/02; C07C2/04; C07C2/06; C07C2/08; C07C2/26; C07C2/32; C07F; C07F11/00; C07F11/005; C08; C08F; C08F10/00; B01J2231/00; B01J2231/20; B01J2531/00; B01J2531/02; B01J2531/0202; B01J2531/0205; B01J2531/60; B01J2531/62; B01J31/02; B01J31/12; B01J31/14; B01J31/143; B01J31/2226; B01J31/223; B01J31/2234; C07C2531/00; C07C2531/02; C07C2531/12; C07C2531/16; C07C2531/22; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P20/00; Y02P20/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
64 words
A composition comprising: p1 (a) a chromium source selected from the group consisting of a chromium salt having the formula CrX x , wherein X can be the same or different and is an organic or inorganic radical and n is an integer from 1 to 6, and chromium metal; (b) a pyrrole-containing compound; (c) a non-hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl; and (d) an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
64 words
A composition comprising: p1 (a) a chromium source selected from the group consisting of a chromium salt having the formula CrX x , wherein X can be the same or different and is an organic or inorganic radical and n is an integer from 1 to 6, and chromium metal; (b) a pyrrole-containing compound; (c) a non-hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl; and (d) an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
10 words
A composition according to claim 1 further comprising a support.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
A composition according to claim 1 wherein said pyrrole-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen pyrrolide and 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composition according to claim 2 wherein said non-hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl is a trialkyl aluminum compound.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composition according to 4 wherein said trialkyl aluminum compound is triethyl aluminum.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composition according to 4 wherein said trialkyl aluminum compound is triethyl aluminum.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
A composition according to claim 1 wherein said unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons having less than about 70 carbon atoms per molecule.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
A composition according to claim 6 wherein said unsaturated hydrocarbon is an aromatic hydrocarbon having less than about 20 carbon atoms per molecule.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition according to claim 7 wherein said aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of toluene, benzene, xylene, mesitylene, and hexamethylbenzene.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition according to claim 6 wherein said unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of ethylene and toluene.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composition according to claim 2 wherein said support is an inorganic oxide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composition according to claim 10 wherein said inorganic oxide is selected from the group consisting of silica, silica-alumina, alumina, fluorided alumina, silated alumina, thoria, aluminophosphate, aluminum phosphate, phosphated silica, phosphated alumina, silica-titania, coprecipitated silica/titania, fluorided/silated alumina, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein said inorganic oxide support is aluminophosphate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
A composition according to claim 1 further comprising a halide selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
A composition according to claim 13 wherein said halide is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
48 words
A composition according to claim 13 wherein said halide is provided by a compound having a formula of R m X n , wherein R is any organic or inorganic radical, X is a halide, and the sum of m plus n is any number greater than 0.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
A composition according to claim 15 wherein R is an inorganic radical selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, germanium, hydrogen, boron, lithium, tin, gallium, indium, lead, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition according to claim 16 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of tin, germanium, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composition according to claim 1 comprising: (a) about 1 mole of chromium metal; (b) about 1 to about 15 moles of pyrrole-containing compound; (c) about 5 to about 40 moles of non-hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl; and (d) an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composition according to claim 18 further comprising about 1 to about 30 moles of halide.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
76 words
A process to prepare a catalyst system comprising combining a chromium source selected from the group consisting of a chromium salt having the formula CrX n , wherein X can be the same or different and is an organic or inorganic radical and n is an integer from 1 to 6, and chromium metal a pyrrole-containing compound; a non-hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl; and an unsaturated hydrocarbon, under time, temperature, and pressure sufficient to form a catalyst system.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
76 words
A process to prepare a catalyst system comprising combining a chromium source selected from the group consisting of a chromium salt having the formula CrX n , wherein X can be the same or different and is an organic or inorganic radical and n is an integer from 1 to 6, and chromium metal a pyrrole-containing compound; a non-hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl; and an unsaturated hydrocarbon, under time, temperature, and pressure sufficient to form a catalyst system.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process according to claim 20 carried out in the absence of oxygen and water.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 20 wherein said chromium source and said pyrrole-containing compound are combined prior to the addition of said non-hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process according to claim 20 wherein is a said pyrrole-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen pyrrolide, 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide, and mixtures thereof; said non-hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl is triethylaluminum; and said unsaturated hydrocarbon compound is toluene.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 20 further comprising the addition of a halide source.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 24 wherein said halide source is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
11 words
A composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 20.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
11 words
A composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 23.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
11 words
A composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 24.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
26 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein said inorganic oxide is selected from the group consisting of silica-alumina, phosphated silica, silica-titania, coprecipitated silica/titania, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
29 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein said inorganic oxide is selected from the group consisting of fluorided alumina, silated alumina, aluminophosphate, aluminum phosphate, phosphated alumina, and mixtures thereof.
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