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US5338490A
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Two-phase composites of ionically-conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive, biomedical electrodes using the composites, and methods of preparing the composite and the biomedical electrodes
Assignee: 3M Co
•
Filing: 1993-08-31
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Granted: 1994-08-16
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Expires: 2013-08-31
Abstract
Abstract A two-phase composite of ionically-conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive, biomedical electrodes using the composite and methods of preparing the composite and the electrode are disclosed. The continuous phase is a hydrophilic, solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition ionically-conductive regardless of an amount of water present in the composition. The discontinuous phase are domains of a hydrophobic pressure-sensitive adhesive which enhances adhesion of the composite to mammalian skin while maintaining acceptable alternating current impedance of the composite.
Inventors
- 👤 Timothy M. Dietz
- 👤 Robert A. Asmus
- 👤 Rosa Uy
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 22:08
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/24; A61B5/25; A61B5/251; A61B5/257; A61B5/259; A61L; A61L24/00; A61L24/0047; A61L24/0073; A61L24/0094
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
247 words
A two-phase composite of ionically-conductive, pressure-sensitive adhesive, comprising: a continuous phase of hydrophilic, solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition ionically-conductive without the requirement of water being present in the composition, and a discontinous phase of domains of hydrophobic, pressure-sensitive adhesive composition dispersed in the continuous phase to enhance pressure-sensitive adhesive properties for contacting mammalian skin while maintaining acceptable alternating current impedance; wherein the continuous phase and the discontinous phase have a composite ratio by weight of from about 196:1 to about 3:1 continuous phase:discontinuous phase; wherein the continuous phase of hydrophilic, solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprises: (a) from 5 to 50 weight percent of a polymer electrolyte complex, and (b) from 50 to 95 weight percent of an essentially non-volatile plasticizer present to form a cohesive, pliable, pressure-sensitive adhesive; said polymer electrolyte complex comprising a solid solution of from 0.5 to 5 weight percent of an ionic salt dissolved in a solvating polymer and ionically conductive without the requirement of water; said solvating polymer being selected from the group consisting of crosslinked poly(N-vinyl lactam); crosslinked polyacrylamide and its ionic forms; crosslinked polyacrylic acid and its salts; crosslinked poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), its salts, crosslinked copolymers of the acid, crosslinked copolymers of salts of the acid, or mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof; and wherein the discontinous phase of domains of hydrophobic pressure sensitive adhesive composition is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyolefins, silicone adhesives, natural or synthetically derived rubber base adhesives, and polyvinyl ethers or blends thereof.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
247 words
A two-phase composite of ionically-conductive, pressure-sensitive adhesive, comprising: a continuous phase of hydrophilic, solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition ionically-conductive without the requirement of water being present in the composition, and a discontinous phase of domains of hydrophobic, pressure-sensitive adhesive composition dispersed in the continuous phase to enhance pressure-sensitive adhesive properties for contacting mammalian skin while maintaining acceptable alternating current impedance; wherein the continuous phase and the discontinous phase have a composite ratio by weight of from about 196:1 to about 3:1 continuous phase:discontinuous phase; wherein the continuous phase of hydrophilic, solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprises: (a) from 5 to 50 weight percent of a polymer electrolyte complex, and (b) from 50 to 95 weight percent of an essentially non-volatile plasticizer present to form a cohesive, pliable, pressure-sensitive adhesive; said polymer electrolyte complex comprising a solid solution of from 0.5 to 5 weight percent of an ionic salt dissolved in a solvating polymer and ionically conductive without the requirement of water; said solvating polymer being selected from the group consisting of crosslinked poly(N-vinyl lactam); crosslinked polyacrylamide and its ionic forms; crosslinked polyacrylic acid and its salts; crosslinked poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), its salts, crosslinked copolymers of the acid, crosslinked copolymers of salts of the acid, or mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof; and wherein the discontinous phase of domains of hydrophobic pressure sensitive adhesive composition is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyolefins, silicone adhesives, natural or synthetically derived rubber base adhesives, and polyvinyl ethers or blends thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
88 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 1, wherein said solvating polymer is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polyacrylamide and its ionic forms; crosslinked polyacrylic acid and its salts; crosslinked poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), its salts, crosslinked copolymers of the acid, crosslinked copolymers of salts of the acid, or mixtures thereof; or combinations thereof; and wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 65 to about 95 weight percent of the solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition to form a cohesive, pliable and pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
56 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 1, wherein said solvating polymer is crosslinked poly(N-vinyl lactam) present in an amount of from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of the solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition and wherein said plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 50 to about 75 weight percent of the composition.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
35 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 3, wherein said poly(N-vinyl lactam) is crosslinked poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) present in an amount of from about 20 to about 45 weight percent of the solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 4, wherein said polyhydric alcohol comprises glycerin, polyethylene glycol (200-600 M.W.) thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 4, wherein said ionic salt comprises lithium chloride, lithium perchlorate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 6, wherein said ionic salt is potassium chloride present in an amount of from about 2 to about 3 weight percent of the composition.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 7, wherein said polyhydric alcohol is polyethylene glycol (200-600 M.W.) present in an amount of about 65 weight percent of the solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 1, further comprising an iontophoretically active pharmaceutical associated with the composite.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
129 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 1, wherein said pressure sensitive adhesive composition is an acrylic copolymer comprising: at least one monomer of an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester of an alkyl alcohol wherein said alkyl alcohol contains from 4 to 10 carbon atoms; and at least one other monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl acrylates and methacrylates containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in said alkyl group; acrylamide; methacrylamide; alkyl-substituted acrylamides containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in said alkyl substituted group; diacetone acrylamide; N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone; and vinyl perfluoro-n-butyrate; wherein said first monomer has a weight percent of from about 85 percent to about 98 percent and said other monomer has a weight percent of from about 2 percent to about 15 percent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
A two-phase composite according to claim 10, wherein said acrylic copolymer comprises isooctyl acrylate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 11, wherein the continuous phase and the discontinuous phase have a composite weight ratio of from about 60:1 to about 8:1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The two-phase composite according to claim 11, wherein the continuous phase and the discontinuous phase have a composite ratio by weight of from about 21:1 to about 9:1.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
33 words
A biomedical electrode, comprising: (a) a conductive medium comprising a two-phase composite of claim 1; and (b) means for electrical communication interacting between said conductive medium and electrical diagnostic, therapeutic, or electrosurgical equipment.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
34 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 14, wherein said electrical communication means comprises a conductor member having a conductive interface portion contacting said conductive medium and a tab portion not contacting said conductive medium.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 14, wherein said electrical communications means comprises a conductor member having an eyelet or snap connector contacting the conductive medium.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
88 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 14, wherein said solvating polymer is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polyacrylamide and its ionic forms; crosslinked polyacrylic acid and its salts; crosslinked poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), its salts, crosslinked copolymers of the acid, crosslinked copolymers of salts of the acid, or mixtures thereof; or combinations thereof; and wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 65 to about 95 weight percent of the solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition to form a cohesive, pliable and pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
56 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 17, wherein said solvating polymer is crosslinked poly(N-vinyl lactam) present in an amount of from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of the solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition and wherein said plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 50 to about 75 weight percent of the composition.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
35 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 18, wherein said poly(N-vinyl lactam) is crosslinked poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) present in an amount of from about 20 to about 45 weight percent of the solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 19, wherein said polyhydric alcohol comprises glycerin, polyethylene glycol (200-600 M.W.), or mixtures thereof.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 19, wherein said ionic salt comprises lithium chloride, lithium perchlorate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
30 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 21, wherein said ionic salt is potassium chloride present in an amount of from about 2 to about 3 weight percent of the composition.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
30 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 22, wherein said polyhydric alcohol is polyethylene glycol present in an amount of about 65 weight percent of the solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 14, further comprising an iontophoretically active pharmaceutical associated with the conductive medium.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
129 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 14, wherein said pressure sensitive adhesive composition is an acrylic copolymer comprising: at least one monomer of an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester of an alkyl alcohol wherein said alkyl alcohol contains from 4 to 10 carbon atoms; and at least one other monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl acrylates and methacrylates containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in said alkyl group; acrylamide; methacrylamide; alkyl-substituted acrylamides containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in said alkyl substituted group; diacetone acrylamide; N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone; and vinyl perfluoro-n-butyrate; wherein said first monomer has a weight percent of from about 85 percent to about 98 percent and said other monomer has a weight percent of from about 2 percent to about 15 percent.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
A biomedical electrode according to claim 25, wherein said acrylic copolymer comprises isooctyl acrylate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
28 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 14, wherein the continuous phase and the discontinuous phase have a composite ratio by weight of from about 60:1 to about 8:1.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
28 words
The biomedical electrode according to claim 27, wherein the continuous phase and the discontinuous phase have a composite ratio by weight of from about 21:1 to about 9:1.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
118 words
A method of preparing a two-phase composite according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: (a) mixing solvating polymer, ionic salt, and an amount of essentially non-volatile plasticizer sufficient to form a cohesive, hydrophilic solid state pressure-sensitive adhesive, into a solvent which is essentially volatile above ambient temperatures to form a first suspension or solution; (b) mixing a latex or solution of hydrophobic pressure-sensitive adhesive into the first suspension or solution in a mixture ratio by weight of from about 196:1 to about 6:1 of first suspension or solution:latex or solution to form a combined mixture; (c) casting the combined mixture onto a substrate; and (d) removing the solvent to form a two-phase composite according to claim 1.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method according to claim 29, wherein said substrate has an electrically conductive surface and wherein a biomedical electrode is formed from said two-phase composite on said surface.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-08-15 | 1998-02-14 | 1998-08-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-08-15 | 2002-02-14 | 2002-08-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-08-15 | 2006-02-14 | 2006-08-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |