US4846185A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Bioelectrode having a galvanically active interfacing material
Assignee: 3M Co
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Filing: 1987-11-25
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Granted: 1989-07-11
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Expires: 2007-11-25
Abstract
Abstract A biomedical electrode comprised of a galvanically inert sensing element and a galvanically active interfacing material containing oxidizable and reducible species such as ferrous/ferric sulfate is disclosed. The bioelectrode recovers from overload potentials (e.g., defibrillation potentials) as well as conventional silver/silver chloride electrodes and can be made at a much lower cost from non-corrosive materials.
Inventors
- 👤 Hatim M. Carim
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 07:36
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61N; A61N1/00; A61N1/02; A61N1/04; A61N1/0404; A61N1/0408; A61N1/0456; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/24; A61B5/316; A61B5/318; A61B5/319; A61N1/0472; A61N1/0492; A61B2562/00; A61B2562/02; A61B2562/0209; A61B2562/0215; A61N1/0496
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
83 words
A bioelectrode comprising: (a) an electrically-conductive, sensing element; (b) a dermatologically compatible, electrically-conductive interfacing material in electrical contact with the sensing element, the interfacing material containing an oxidizable species and a reducible species; and (c) means for maintaining the interfacing material in contact with skin; wherein the sensing element is electrochemically inert in the presence of the interfacing material and wherein the oxidizable and reducible species are galvanically active and are present in amounts sufficient for the bioelectrode to recover from overload potentials
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
83 words
A bioelectrode comprising: (a) an electrically-conductive, sensing element; (b) a dermatologically compatible, electrically-conductive interfacing material in electrical contact with the sensing element, the interfacing material containing an oxidizable species and a reducible species; and (c) means for maintaining the interfacing material in contact with skin; wherein the sensing element is electrochemically inert in the presence of the interfacing material and wherein the oxidizable and reducible species are galvanically active and are present in amounts sufficient for the bioelectrode to recover from overload potentials
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 1, wherein the oxidizable and reducible species are comprised of a ferrous/ferric redox couple.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 2, wherein the interfacing material is further comprised of a biologically acceptable complexing agent.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 3, wherein the complexing agent is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 3 wherein the complexing agent is nitrilotriacetic acid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sensing element is comprised of a conductive form of carbon, a noble metal or stainless steel.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 6, wherein the sensing element is comprised of graphite.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 7 wherein the graphite is dispersed in a polymeric binder.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
64 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 1, wherein the means for maintaining the interfacing material in contact with the skin comprises a medical tape comprised of a backing and a pressure sensitive adhesive coating on one surface of said backing, the tape having an aperture which receives the sensing element and the pressure sensitive adhesive serving to attach the backing to the interfacing material.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
36 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 1, wherein said interfacing material comprises an electrically-conductive adhesive, the adhesive nature of said electrically-conductive adhesive serving as said means for maintaining the interfacing material in contact with the skin.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
99 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 10, wherein the electrically-conductive adhesive is a hydrophilic, pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising: a crosslinked, swellable polymeric matrix formed by a free-radical polymerization of at least one polymerizable monomeric species wherein a majority of the monomeric component is comprised of one or more N-vinyl lactams, and a crosslinker which is a multi-ethylenically unsaturated compound with the ethylenic groups being vinyl, allyl, or methallyl groups bonded to nitrogen or oxygen atoms; and a plasticizer; wherein the crosslinker and the plasticizer are present in amounts sufficient for the composition to be cohesive, swellable and pressure-sensitive adhesive.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
13 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 11, wherein said N-vinyl lactams comprise N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
12 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 12, wherein said plasticizer comprises glycerol.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 13, wherein said crosslinker comprises diethyleneglycol divinyl ether.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
101 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 1, wherein said interfacing material comprises an electrically-conductive gel comprising: fragments of a crosslinked, swellable polymeric matrix formed by a free-radical polymerization of at least one polymerizable monomeric species wherein a majority of the monomeric component is comprised of one or more N-vinyl lactams, and a crosslinker which is a multi-ethylenically unsaturated compound with the ethylenic groups being vinyl, allyl, or methallyl groups bonded to nitrogen or oxygen atoms, said fragments being formed by subjecting said crosslinked polymeric matrix, once formed, to shear forces sufficient to cause fragmentation of the polymeric matrix; and a plasticizer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 15, wherein said N-vinyl lactams comprise N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 16, wherein said plasticizer comprises glycerol.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
A bioelectrode in accordance with claim 17, wherein said crosslinker comprises 3,3'-ethylidene-bis(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone).
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-07-10 | 1993-01-09 | 1993-07-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-07-10 | 1997-01-09 | 1997-07-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-07-10 | 2001-01-09 | 2001-07-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |