Patent US5153092A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5153092A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Processes for encapsulated toners
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1991-01-28
•
Granted: 1992-10-06
•
Expires: 2011-01-28
Abstract
Abstract A process for the preparation of encapsulated toners which comprises blending core momomer or monomers, free radical initiator, pigment, and an oil soluble shell monomer; dispersing the resulting mixture in a stabilized aqueous suspension; thereafter subjecting the stabilized droplets to a shell forming interfacial polycondensation reaction by adding a water soluble shell monomer or monomers; subsequently forming the core resin binder by heat induced free radical polymerization within the newly formed capsules; washing the toner suspension; subsequently removing water therefrom in a fluidized bed dryer to obtain a dry encapsulated toner with a surface moisture content of about 0.3 percent by weight to about 0.8 percent by weight; and thereafter blending the encapsulated toner with surface additives.
Inventors
- 👤 Sheau V. Kao
- 👤 Gerald R. Allison
- 👤 Michael S. Hawkins
- 👤 Hadi K. Mahabadi
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 11:24
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/093; G03G9/09307; G03G9/09335; G03G9/0935; G03G9/09357; G03G9/09364; G03G9/09392
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
117 words
A process for the preparation of encapsulated toners which comprises blending core momomer or monomers, free radical initiator, pigment, and an oil soluble shell monomer; dispersing the resulting mixture in a stabilized aqueous suspension; thereafter subjecting the stabilized droplets to a shell forming interfacial polycondensation reaction by adding a water soluble shell monomer or monomers; subsequently forming the core resin binder by heat induced free radical polymerization within the newly formed capsules; washing the toner suspension; subsequently removing water therefrom in a fluidized bed dryer to obtain a dry encapsulated toner with a surface moisture content of about 0.3 percent by weight to about 0.8 percent by weight; and thereafter blending the encapsulated toner with surface additives.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
117 words
A process for the preparation of encapsulated toners which comprises blending core momomer or monomers, free radical initiator, pigment, and an oil soluble shell monomer; dispersing the resulting mixture in a stabilized aqueous suspension; thereafter subjecting the stabilized droplets to a shell forming interfacial polycondensation reaction by adding a water soluble shell monomer or monomers; subsequently forming the core resin binder by heat induced free radical polymerization within the newly formed capsules; washing the toner suspension; subsequently removing water therefrom in a fluidized bed dryer to obtain a dry encapsulated toner with a surface moisture content of about 0.3 percent by weight to about 0.8 percent by weight; and thereafter blending the encapsulated toner with surface additives.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the surface additives are comprised of carbon black and a metal salt of a fatty acid.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the metal salt of a fatty acid is zinc stearate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the carbon black and a metal salt of a fatty acid are added sequentially.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process in accordance with claim 4 wherein a conductive carbon black is selected.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the surface additives are comprised of carbon black, a metal salt of a fatty acid and a release component.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 6 wherein the carbon black, the metal salt of a fatty acid, and the release component are added sequentially.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the water is removed in a fluidized bed dryer in a period of from about 10 to about 20 minutes.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the shell is pressure rupturable and the core is pressure fixable.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fluidized bed dryer comprises an air distribution device, a product container, an expansion chamber and filter bags, and a means to heat the entering air to facilitate the removal of water from the toner particles.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
56 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the blending is accomplished in a mixer with an agitating impeller/chopper speed of from about 2,000 to about 5,000 revolutions per minute, a peripheral speed of from about 0.8 meter/second to about 3.0 meters/second, and a tumbling/plowing speed of from about 10 to about 200 revolutions per minute.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the toner conductivity is from about 10 -8 to about 10 -2 ohm-cm -1 .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 12 wherein one of the surface additives is a conductive carbon black.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
63 words
A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the conductive carbon black is present in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 2 percent by weight, and is blended in the toner a period of time of from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes in a mixer at an agitation speed of from about 3,000 to about 5,000 revolutions per minute.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the toner volume resistivity thereof is from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 8 ohm-cm.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 15 wherein the toner resistivity remains unchanged subsequent to agitation at a mixing speed of 1,500 revolutions per minute.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein one of the surface additives is a release agent selected from the group consisting of metal salts of fatty acids and colloidal silicas.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein zinc stearate is selected.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
62 words
A process in accordance with claim 18 wherein the zinc stearate is present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 5 percent by weight, and is blended in the toner a period of time of from about 5 minutes to about 50 minutes in a mixer at an agitation speed of from about 2,000 to about 5,000 revolutions per minute.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
60 words
A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the toner resistivity increases rapidly from about 1×10 2 to 5×10 3 ohm-cm to about 1×10 4 to 1×10 5 ohm-cm following the addition of zinc stearate, and retained a resistivity of from 1×10 4 to 1×10 5 ohm-cm during blending and subsequently increased to about 1×10 5 to 1×10 8 ohm-cm.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the surface additives are present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 5 percent by weight.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein one surface additive comprised of carbon black is selected.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymeric shell is a polyurea, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polyester, or a liquid crystalline thermotropic polymer.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
90 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core monomer for formation of the core polymer is selected from the group consisting of n-butyl acrylate, s-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, s-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, pentyl acrylate, pentyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, ethoxypropyl acrylate, ethoxypropyl methacrylate, heptyl acrylate, heptyl methacrylate, methylbutyl acrylate, methylbutyl methacrylate, m-tolyl acrylate, styrene, dodecyl styrene, hexylmethyl styrene, nonyl styrene, tetradecyl styrene, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein water is removed by heating at a temperature of from about 50° to about 200° C.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein subsequent to washing a quantity of water is removed to enable toner cakes with from about 5 to about 15 percent by weight of water.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 26 wherein removal of water or dewatering is accomplished by centrifugation.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
70 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is selected from the group consisting of Heliogen Blue, Pylam Oil Blue, Pylam Oil Yellow, Pigment Blue, Pigment Violet, Pigment Red, Lemon Chrome Yellow, Bon Red, NOVAperm, Yellow FGL, Hostaperm Pink, 2,9-dimethyl-substituted quinacridone, Dispersed Red, Solvent Red, copper tetra-(octadecyl sulfonamido) phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene acetoacetanilides, a nitrophenyl amine sulfonamide, Dispersed yellow 2,5-dimethoxy-4-sulfonanilide phenylazo-4'-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy acetoacetanilide, and Permanent Yellow FGL.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4272010A
Cited
US4699866A
Cited
US4599294A
Cited
US4762765A
Cited
US4784930A
Cited
US4636451A
Cited
US4725522A
Cited
US4935327A
Cited
US4877706A
Cited
US4937167A
Cited
US5043240A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-10-06 | 1996-04-06 | 1996-10-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-10-06 | 2000-04-06 | 2000-10-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-10-06 | 2004-04-06 | 2004-10-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |