US5084008A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Iontophoresis electrode
Assignee: Alza Corp
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Filing: 1989-12-22
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Granted: 1992-01-28
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Expires: 2009-12-22
Abstract
Abstract An improved iontophoresis electrode employing a current distributing member and a drug reservoir containing an ionic drug. In direct or intimate contact with the current distribution member is a salt layer or ion source layer. In direct or intimate contact with the salt layer or ion source material is a size selective (i.e., a semipermeable membrane) or a material selective for ions having a charge opposite to the charge of the ionic drug which is to be delivered (i.e., a charge selective mebmrane). The current distribution member is separated from the drug reservoir by means of the salt layer and the membrane.
Inventors
- 👤 Joseph B. Phipps
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 01:19
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61N; A61N1/00; A61N1/02; A61N1/04; A61N1/0404; A61N1/0408; A61N1/0428; A61N1/0432; A61N1/0436; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T29/00; Y10T29/49; Y10T29/49002; Y10T29/49117
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
141 words
An iontophoresis electrode, comprising: a current distributing member comprised of a material which is readily oxidized or reduced at a voltage less than the voltage required to cause significant hydrolysis of water; connector means for electrically connecting said current distributing member to a source of electrical current; reservoir means electrically connected to said current distributing member said reservoir means containing an ionic or ionizable drug; an ion source layer in intimate contact with said current distributing member, said ion source layer containing a substance which interacts with a species electrochemically generated from the current distributing member to produce a product which is substantially immobile; a layer of selectively permeable material applied to said ion source layer, said material selective for ions of the opposite charge as said ionic drug, said material applied intermediate said current distributing member and said reservoir means.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
141 words
An iontophoresis electrode, comprising: a current distributing member comprised of a material which is readily oxidized or reduced at a voltage less than the voltage required to cause significant hydrolysis of water; connector means for electrically connecting said current distributing member to a source of electrical current; reservoir means electrically connected to said current distributing member said reservoir means containing an ionic or ionizable drug; an ion source layer in intimate contact with said current distributing member, said ion source layer containing a substance which interacts with a species electrochemically generated from the current distributing member to produce a product which is substantially immobile; a layer of selectively permeable material applied to said ion source layer, said material selective for ions of the opposite charge as said ionic drug, said material applied intermediate said current distributing member and said reservoir means.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrode of claim 1 wherein the reservoir means contains a counter ion which reacts with an ion produced when said current distributing member is oxidized or reduced to produce a neutral or substantially insoluble compound within said reservoir.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 1, wherein the current distributing member is comprised of silver.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 3, wherein the substance contained in the ion source layer comprises chloride ions and the substantially immobile product comprises silver chloride.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 1, wherein the current distributing member is comprised of silver chloride.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 5, wherein the substance contained in the ion source comprises silver ions and the substantially immobile produce comprises silver chloride.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 1, wherein the ion source layer contains cations and anions.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 7, wherein the electrode is a cathode and the anions are selected from the group consisting of citrate and acetate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 7, wherein the electrode is a anode and the cations are selected from the group consisting of vitamin B 1 and vitamin B 6 .
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 1, wherein the ion source layer comprises a salt at least partially dissolved in a hydrogel.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 1, wherein the ion source layer contains an ion exchange resin or a chelating agent.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 1, wherein the layer of selectively permeable material comprises an ion exchange membrane.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The iontophoresis electrode of claim 1, wherein the layer of selectively permeable material comprises a size selective material selected from the group consisting of semipermeable and microporous membranes.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
148 words
A method of fabricating an iontophoresis electrode, comprising the steps of: selecting an ionic drug to be delivered; including said drug within a reservoir through which said drug is permeable; selecting a sacrificial current distributing member comprised of a material readily oxidizable or reduced by application of a voltage less than required to cause significant hydrolysis of water; selecting an ion source layer with a counter ion which will react with the material of which said current distributing member is comprised, after said material is oxidized or reduced, to form a neutral or substantially immobile compound; applying said ion source layer to said current distributing member; and applying a charge selective material to said ion source layer, said charge selective material permeable to ions having a charge opposite to the charge of said ionic drug, said charge selective material applied between said current distributing member and said reservoir.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
148 words
A method of fabricating an iontophoresis electrode, comprising the steps of: selecting an ionic drug to be delivered; including said drug within a reservoir through which said drug is permeable; selecting a sacrificial current distributing member comprised of a material readily oxidizable or reduced by application of a voltage less than required to cause significant hydrolysis of water; selecting an ion source layer with a counter ion which will react with the material of which said current distributing member is comprised, after said material is oxidized or reduced, to form a neutral or substantially immobile compound; applying said ion source layer to said current distributing member; and applying a charge selective material to said ion source layer, said charge selective material permeable to ions having a charge opposite to the charge of said ionic drug, said charge selective material applied between said current distributing member and said reservoir.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
181 words
A method of fabricating an iontophoresis electrode, comprising the steps of: selecting an ionic drug to be delivered; including said drug within a reservoir through which said drug is permeable; selecting a sacrificial current distributing member comprised of a material readily oxidizable or reduced by application of a voltage less than required to cause significant hydrolysis of water; selecting an ion source layer with a counter ion which will react with the material of which said current distributing member is comprised, after said material is oxidized or reduced, to form a neutral or substantially immobile compound; selecting a charge selective material, said charge selective material being permeable to ions having a charge opposite to the charge of said ionic drug; and assembling said electrode by arranging said ion source layer and said charge selective material between said current distributing member and said reservoir such that said ion source layer and said charge selective material are located intermediate thereof, said ion source layer being in contact with said current distributing member and said charge selective material being in contact with said reservoir.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
181 words
A method of fabricating an iontophoresis electrode, comprising the steps of: selecting an ionic drug to be delivered; including said drug within a reservoir through which said drug is permeable; selecting a sacrificial current distributing member comprised of a material readily oxidizable or reduced by application of a voltage less than required to cause significant hydrolysis of water; selecting an ion source layer with a counter ion which will react with the material of which said current distributing member is comprised, after said material is oxidized or reduced, to form a neutral or substantially immobile compound; selecting a charge selective material, said charge selective material being permeable to ions having a charge opposite to the charge of said ionic drug; and assembling said electrode by arranging said ion source layer and said charge selective material between said current distributing member and said reservoir such that said ion source layer and said charge selective material are located intermediate thereof, said ion source layer being in contact with said current distributing member and said charge selective material being in contact with said reservoir.
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-01-27 | 1995-07-29 | 1996-01-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-01-27 | 1999-07-29 | 2000-01-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-01-27 | 2003-07-29 | 2004-01-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |