US5082734A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Catalytic, water-soluble polymeric films for metal coatings
Assignee: Laird Technologies Inc
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Filing: 1990-11-13
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Granted: 1992-01-21
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Expires: 2010-11-13
Abstract
Abstract Metal coated articles where the metal is electrolessly deposited onto catalytic films prepared by thermally activating catalytically inert films formed from an aqueous solution comprising polymer, e.g. cellulosic, vinyl alcohol or oxyolefin polymers, and catalytic metal of Group 8, e.g. palladium. Copper electrolessly deposited on activated films exhibits high ductility similar to electrolytic copper, e.g. at least about 8 percent ductility.
Inventors
- 👤 George D. Vaughn
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 09:53
CPC Classifications
C; C23; C23C; C23C18/00; C23C18/16; C23C18/18; C23C18/20; C23C18/28; C23C18/30; H; H01; H01M; H01M8/00; H01M8/10; H01M8/1004; H05; H05K; H05K3/00; H05K3/10; H05K3/18; H05K3/181; H05K3/182; H05K3/38; H05K3/386; H05K3/387; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/50; Y10; Y10S; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/901; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/24; Y10T428/24802; Y10T428/24917; Y10T428/25; Y10T428/256; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31678; Y10T442/00; Y10T442/20; Y10T442/2418; Y10T442/30; Y10T442/3382; Y10T442/339; Y10T442/3407
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 71
Claim 1
Independent Claim
144 words
A catalytically inert film formed from an aqueous solution comprising polymer and a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8; wherein said film can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by application of heat, wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer, and wherein said polymer and said metal are in the weight ratio of at least about 3:1.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
144 words
A catalytically inert film formed from an aqueous solution comprising polymer and a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8; wherein said film can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by application of heat, wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer, and wherein said polymer and said metal are in the weight ratio of at least about 3:1.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
157 words
A film comprising catalytically activated surface area formed from an aqueous solution comprising polymer and a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 in a weight ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; wherein said area was activated to catalyze electroless deposition by applying heat to a catalytically inert area; and wherein uniformly dispersed catalytic metal is detectible on the surface of said area by ESCA.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
157 words
A film comprising catalytically activated surface area formed from an aqueous solution comprising polymer and a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 in a weight ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; wherein said area was activated to catalyze electroless deposition by applying heat to a catalytically inert area; and wherein uniformly dispersed catalytic metal is detectible on the surface of said area by ESCA.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
151 words
An article comprising metal electrolessly deposited on areas of a film, wherein said film was formed as a catalytically inert film from an aqueous solution of polymer and a compound of a Group 8 metal in the weight ratio of polymer to Group 8 metal of at least 3:1; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; and wherein said film has been catalytically activated to electroless deposition.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
151 words
An article comprising metal electrolessly deposited on areas of a film, wherein said film was formed as a catalytically inert film from an aqueous solution of polymer and a compound of a Group 8 metal in the weight ratio of polymer to Group 8 metal of at least 3:1; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; and wherein said film has been catalytically activated to electroless deposition.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
A metal-coated textile article comprising metal electrolessly deposited on a fibrous substrate, wherein said metal exhibits a resistivity not greater than 0.1 ohms.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
A metal-coated textile article comprising metal electrolessly deposited on a fibrous substrate, wherein said metal exhibits a resistivity not greater than 0.1 ohms.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
An article according to claim 4 wherein, after exposure to 300 hours of weathering according to ASTM Standard Practice G-26, said metal exhibits resistivity of not more than 15 ohms.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
An article according to claim 5 wherein said resistivity is not more than 3 ohms.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
An article according to claim 4 wherein said electrolessly deposited metal is copper, nickel or silver and said vibrous substrate is fiber, yarn, tow, sliver, woven fabric or non-woven fabric.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
An article according to claim 7 wherein said metal is copper which is coated with at least one outer layer of nickel, tin, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, iron or zinc.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
271 words
An aqueous catalyst solution for forming catalytically inert films which can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition of metal and which is essentially devoid of visible light-sensitive compounds such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposure to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; said solution comprising (a) polymer selected from the group consisting essentially of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer or mixtures thereof; (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous emulsion; (iii) a polysilica; and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; and (b) a water soluble compound of a Group 8 metal; and (c) at least one non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and Group 1 and Group 2 metal salts; wherein said polymer and Group 8 metal are in proportions such that the weight ratio of polymer to metal is at least 3:1; wherein said solution is adapted to forming catalytically inert, dry films which can be activated to catalyze electroless deposition of bright copper from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
271 words
An aqueous catalyst solution for forming catalytically inert films which can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition of metal and which is essentially devoid of visible light-sensitive compounds such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposure to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; said solution comprising (a) polymer selected from the group consisting essentially of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer or mixtures thereof; (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous emulsion; (iii) a polysilica; and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; and (b) a water soluble compound of a Group 8 metal; and (c) at least one non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and Group 1 and Group 2 metal salts; wherein said polymer and Group 8 metal are in proportions such that the weight ratio of polymer to metal is at least 3:1; wherein said solution is adapted to forming catalytically inert, dry films which can be activated to catalyze electroless deposition of bright copper from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
41 words
A solution according to claim 9 comprising not more than 1 percent by weight of said polymer comprising units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units or mixtures thereof or mixtures of such polymers.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A solution according to claim 9 further comprising ammonia, a primary, secondary or tertiary amine or an inorganic hydroxide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
A solution according to claim 9 having a viscosity of at least 50 centipoises at 25° C. when measured with a Brookfield No. 1 spindle rotating at 100 rpm.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
A solution according to claim 9 having a viscosity less than 50 centipoises at 25° C. when measured with a Brookfield No. 1 spindle rotating at 100 rpm.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
170 words
A method of preparing a catalytically inert, catalytically activatable film comprising: (a) depositing on a substrate a film-forming aqueous solution comprising polymer and a water soluble compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 in the weight ratio of polymer to Group 8 metal of at least 3:1, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting essentially of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer or mixtures thereof; (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous emulsion; (iii) a polysilica; and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; (b) drying said solution to form a catalytically inert film comprising said polymer and said metal; wherein said film can be selectively activated by heat to catalyze electroless deposition of metal.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
170 words
A method of preparing a catalytically inert, catalytically activatable film comprising: (a) depositing on a substrate a film-forming aqueous solution comprising polymer and a water soluble compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 in the weight ratio of polymer to Group 8 metal of at least 3:1, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting essentially of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer or mixtures thereof; (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous emulsion; (iii) a polysilica; and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; (b) drying said solution to form a catalytically inert film comprising said polymer and said metal; wherein said film can be selectively activated by heat to catalyze electroless deposition of metal.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
164 words
A method of preparing catalytically active film comprising: (a) depositing on a substrate a film-forming aqueous solution comprising polymer and water soluble compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 in the weight ratio of polymer to metal of at least 3:1, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting essentially of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer or mixtures thereof; (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous emulsion; (iii) a polysilica; and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; (b) drying said solution to form a catalytically inert film comprising said polymer and said metal; (c) activating at least selective areas of said film to catalyze electroless deposition of metal.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
164 words
A method of preparing catalytically active film comprising: (a) depositing on a substrate a film-forming aqueous solution comprising polymer and water soluble compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 in the weight ratio of polymer to metal of at least 3:1, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting essentially of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer or mixtures thereof; (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous emulsion; (iii) a polysilica; and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; (b) drying said solution to form a catalytically inert film comprising said polymer and said metal; (c) activating at least selective areas of said film to catalyze electroless deposition of metal.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
47 words
A film according to claim 1 wherein uniformly dispersed catalytic metal is detectable on the surface of said film by ESCA and the concentration of metal on the surface as measured by ESCA varies less than 50 percent from the average concentration of metal on the surface.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
110 words
A film according to claim 1 adapted to be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging selected surface areas of said film with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds; whereby, after immersion in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, said selected areas will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 14+/-4 Angstroms.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
39 words
A film according to claim 1 further comprising a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile, Group 1 salts, Group 2 salts and mixtures thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
38 words
A film according to claim 18 wherein said polymer comprises units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such polymers; and wherein said metal is palladium.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
54 words
A film according to claim 19 wherein said compound of a Group 8 metal is palladium compound which is not light-sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
137 words
A film according to claim 20 wherein selected areas of said film can be activated to electroless deposition by impinging said film with air at a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 m/sec for about 10 seconds, wherein said heating will provide on said selected areas of the film uniformly dispersed catalytic metal which is detectible by ESCA; and wherein, after said heating and immersion of said film in a solution of 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, exposed areas of said film will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein one more about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 14+/-4 Angstroms.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
62 words
A film according to claim 21 wherein said uniformly disperse catalytic metal provided by said heating will catalytize the electroless deposition of copper having ductility greater than 8 percent when said film is immersed in an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and 35° C.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
74 words
A film according to claim 2 wherein, after immersion of said film in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, catalytically activated surface area will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 14+/-4 Angstroms.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
39 words
A film according to claim 2 further comprising a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile, Group 1 salts, Group 2 salts and mixtures thereof.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
38 words
A film according to claim 24 wherein said polymer comprises units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such polymers; and wherein said metal is palladium.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
54 words
A film according to claim 25 wherein said compound of a Group 8 metal is palladium compound which is not light-sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
54 words
A film according to claim 2 wherein copper exhibiting ductility greater than 8 percent will be uniformly electrolessly deposited on said catalytically active surface area from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
52 words
An article according to claim 3 comprising copper or nickel electrolessly deposited on a film formed from an aqueous solution of a palladium compound and water soluble polymer comprising units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units or mixtures thereof or mixtures of such polymers.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
78 words
An article according to claim 3 comprising a fibrous substrate, which, when uncoated, exhibits tensile failure at a strain higher than the strain for tensile failure of said electrolessly deposited metal, wherein said electrolessly deposited metal is so adhered to said substrate that said electrolessly deposited metal-coated substrate exhibits tensile failure at a strain less than said strain for tensile failure of said substrate when uncoated; said tensile failure being determined at strain of 10 percent per minute.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
25 words
An article according to claim 3 wherein said electrolessly deposited metal comprises at least one layer of copper exhibiting ductility greater than about 8 percent.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method according to claim 14 wherein, when said drying is effected at a temperature less than the boiling point of water in said solution, there will be provided on the surface of said film uniformly dispersed catalytic metal detectible by ESCA.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
80 words
A method according to claim 31 wherein, after said drying and subsequent immersion of the film in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, selectively exposed areas of said film will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small at 14+/-4 Angstroms.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method according to claim 32 wherein said polymer comprises units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such polymers; and wherein said metal is palladium.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method according to claim 33 wherein said solution further comprises a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand, wherein said non-catalytic compound is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and Group 1 and Group 2 metal salts.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 33 wherein said drying is effected at a temperature of less than about 60° C.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 35 wherein said drying is effected at a temperature of less than about 45° C.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
171 words
A method according to claim 15 wherein said activating comprises exposing the surface of said film to a fluid at a temperature in the range of about 150° C. to about 500° C. for sufficient time to catalytically activate portions of said film exposed to said fluid so that copper having ductility greater than 8 percent will be uniformly electrolessly deposited on said exposed surfaces from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and 35° C.; wherein said activating is effected so that, after said activating and immersing the film in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, selectively exposed areas of said film will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 14+/-4 Angstroms.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 37 wherein said drying is effected at a temperature less than the boiling point of water from said solution.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 38 wherein said drying is effected at less than about 60° C.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 39 wherein said drying is effected at less than about 45° C.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method according to claim 15 wherein said solution further comprises a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand, wherein said non-catalytic compound is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and Group 1 and Group 2 metal salts.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
16 words
A solution according to claim 9 wherein said non-catalytic compound is a Group 1 metal salt.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
27 words
A solution according to claim 41 wherein said Group 8 metal is palladium and said non-catalytic compound is a Group 1 salt of acetate, chloride or nitrate.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
55 words
A solution according to claim 9 wherein said compound of a Group 8 metal is a palladium compound which is not light-sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
401 words
A catalytically inert film formed from an aqueous solution comprising polymer, a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said compound is not light sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; wherein uniformly dispersed catalytic metal is detectable on the surface of said film by ESCA and said film can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by application of heat; wherein said film is adapted to have clusters of reduced catalytic metal provided on selective areas thereof, wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms, when said selected areas of said film are (a) activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging said selected areas with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds and (b) immersed in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes; and wherein said film is adapted to have copper with a ductility greater than 8 percent electrolessly deposited on selected areas thereof when said selected areas of said film are (a) activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging said selected areas with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds and (b) immersed in an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
401 words
A catalytically inert film formed from an aqueous solution comprising polymer, a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said compound is not light sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; wherein uniformly dispersed catalytic metal is detectable on the surface of said film by ESCA and said film can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by application of heat; wherein said film is adapted to have clusters of reduced catalytic metal provided on selective areas thereof, wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms, when said selected areas of said film are (a) activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging said selected areas with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds and (b) immersed in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes; and wherein said film is adapted to have copper with a ductility greater than 8 percent electrolessly deposited on selected areas thereof when said selected areas of said film are (a) activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging said selected areas with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds and (b) immersed in an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
68 words
A film according to claim 44 wherein said non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and salts of Group 1 and Group 2 metals; and wherein said polymer comprises units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such polymers; and wherein said metal is palladium.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
255 words
A film having a catalytically activated polymeric surface area comprising on said surface clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal are in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms, wherein said film comprises polymer, a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said compound is not light sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; wherein said catalytically activated surface area is adapted to have copper with a ductility of greater than 8 percent electrolessly deposited from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 1.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
255 words
A film having a catalytically activated polymeric surface area comprising on said surface clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal are in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms, wherein said film comprises polymer, a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said compound is not light sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; wherein said catalytically activated surface area is adapted to have copper with a ductility of greater than 8 percent electrolessly deposited from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 1.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
86 words
A film according to claim 47 wherein said non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and salts of Group 1 and Group 2 metals; and wherein said polymer comprises units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such polymers; and wherein said metal is palladium and said non-catalytic compound is a Group 1 and Group 2 metal salt of acetate, chloride or nitrate.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
275 words
An article comprising metal electrolessly deposited on areas of a polymeric film comprising polymer, catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound capable of providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said catalytic metal is present as clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal are in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms, wherein said polymeric film does not contain a light sensitive compound of said Group 8 metal which is adapted to provide a catalytic surface by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; and wherein, when said electrolessly deposited metal is copper deposited from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C., said copper exhibits a ductility greater than 8 percent when subjected to a tensile strain rate of 10 percent per minute.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
275 words
An article comprising metal electrolessly deposited on areas of a polymeric film comprising polymer, catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound capable of providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said catalytic metal is present as clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal are in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms, wherein said polymeric film does not contain a light sensitive compound of said Group 8 metal which is adapted to provide a catalytic surface by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; and wherein, when said electrolessly deposited metal is copper deposited from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C., said copper exhibits a ductility greater than 8 percent when subjected to a tensile strain rate of 10 percent per minute.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
104 words
An article according to claim 49 wherein said electrolessly deposited metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, palladium and platinum; wherein said non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and salts of Group 1 and Group 2 metals; and wherein said polymer comprises units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such polymers; and wherein said metal is palladium and said non-catalytic compound is a Group 1 and Group 2 metal salt of acetate, chloride or nitrate.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
391 words
An aqueous catalyst solution for forming catalytically inert films which can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition of metal by the application of heat, said solution comprising polymer, a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said compound is not light sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; wherein said solution is adapted to be coated and dried at temperatures less than the boiling point of water in said solution to provide a catalytically inert film which can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by application of heat; wherein, when selected areas of said catalytically inert film are (a) activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging said selected areas with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds and (b) immersed in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, said selected areas will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms; and wherein said selected areas activated to catalyze electroless deposition will be so catalytically active that copper having ductility greater than 8 percent will be uniformly electrolessly deposited on said selectively exposed surfaces from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
391 words
An aqueous catalyst solution for forming catalytically inert films which can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition of metal by the application of heat, said solution comprising polymer, a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said compound is not light sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; wherein said solution is adapted to be coated and dried at temperatures less than the boiling point of water in said solution to provide a catalytically inert film which can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by application of heat; wherein, when selected areas of said catalytically inert film are (a) activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging said selected areas with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds and (b) immersed in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, said selected areas will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms; and wherein said selected areas activated to catalyze electroless deposition will be so catalytically active that copper having ductility greater than 8 percent will be uniformly electrolessly deposited on said selectively exposed surfaces from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
68 words
A solution according to claim 51 wherein said non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and salts of Group 1 and Group 2 metals; and wherein said polymer comprises units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such polymers; and wherein said metal is palladium.
Claim 64
Independent Claim
405 words
A method for preparing a catalytically inert polymeric film which is adapted to be activated to catalyze electroless deposition of metal by heating said film comprising: (a) depositing on a substrate a film-forming aqueous solution comprising polymer, a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said compound is not light sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; and (b) drying said solution at a temperature less than the boiling point of water in said solution to form a catalytically inert film having on the surface thereof uniformly dispersed catalytic metal detectible by ESCA; wherein said catalytically inert film can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by application of heat; wherein, when selected areas of said film are (a) activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging said selected areas with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds and (b) immersed in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, said selected areas will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms; and wherein said selected areas will be catalytically active so that copper having ductility greater than 8 percent will be uniformly electrolessly deposited on said selectively exposed surfaces from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 65
Independent Claim
405 words
A method for preparing a catalytically inert polymeric film which is adapted to be activated to catalyze electroless deposition of metal by heating said film comprising: (a) depositing on a substrate a film-forming aqueous solution comprising polymer, a compound of a catalytic metal of Group 8 and a non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand; wherein said compound is not light sensitive such that a catalytic surface is not provided by exposing said film to radiation equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 meter from four 40 watt standard fluorescent lamps; wherein said polymer is a selected from the group consisting of (i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a cellulosic polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, an oxyolefin polymer and mixtures thereof, (ii) an aqueous emulsion comprising a surfactant and a water insoluble polymer capable of forming a coherent film at a temperature of less than about 200° C. from said aqueous solution, (iii) a polysilica, and (iv) a mixture of a group (i) water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent for said group (i) water soluble polymer; and (b) drying said solution at a temperature less than the boiling point of water in said solution to form a catalytically inert film having on the surface thereof uniformly dispersed catalytic metal detectible by ESCA; wherein said catalytically inert film can be selectively activated to catalyze electroless deposition by application of heat; wherein, when selected areas of said film are (a) activated to catalyze electroless deposition by impinging said selected areas with air having a temperature of about 240° C. and at a velocity of about 10 meters/second for up to about 10 seconds and (b) immersed in a solution comprising 2 wt percent sodium hydroxide and 2 wt percent formaldehyde for about 2 minutes, said selected areas will comprise clusters of reduced catalytic metal wherein more than about 80 percent of the catalytic metal will be present in clusters which are not detectable by transmission electron microscopy capable of detecting palladium clusters as small as 10 Angstroms; and wherein said selected areas will be catalytically active so that copper having ductility greater than 8 percent will be uniformly electrolessly deposited on said selectively exposed surfaces from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
68 words
A method according to claim 53 wherein said non-catalytic compound providing a Group 8 metal coordination ligand is selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile and salts of Group 1 and Group 2 metals; and wherein said polymer comprises units selected from the group consisting of vinylalcohol units, cellulosic units, oxyethylene units, oxypropylene units, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such polymers; and wherein said metal is palladium.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 54 wherein said drying is effected at a temperature of less than about 60° C.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 55 wherein said drying is effected at a temperature of less than about 45° C.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
101 words
A method according to claim 54 further comprising heating selected areas of said catalytically inert film by exposing said areas to a fluid at a temperature in the range of about 150° to 500° C., thereby providing a film having selected areas catalytically active to electroless deposition; wherein said areas are so catalytically active that copper having ductility greater than 8 percent will be uniformly electrolessly deposited on said selectively exposed surfaces from an agitated solution comprising about 8 grams/liter formaldehyde, about 4 grams/liter copper, and about 0.12M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and which is maintained at pH 11.5-12.5 and about 35° C.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 57 further comprising applying electroless deposition medium to said catalytically active areas to electrolessly deposit metal thereon.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 58 wherein said electrolessly deposited metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, palladium and platinum.
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