Quaternary ammonium salt surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate

Claim 2

Particles of surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate comprising particulate ammonium polyphosphate surface-modified with at least one quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant represented by the formula: R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 N.sup.+ X.sup.- wherein: (a) each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, (b) R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 collectively contain from about 15 to about 48 carbon atoms, and (c) X is an anion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, sulfate/2, phosphate/3, methosulfate, and ethosulfate.

Claim 3

The particles of claim 1 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkadienyl, or alkatrienyl.

Claim 4

The particles of claim 2 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are straight.

Claim 5

The particles of claim 1 wherein at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon group attached to the quaternary nitrogen atom corresponds to: (a) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group attached to a monocarboxylic acid derived from the triglyceride of a natural fat or oil, (b) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group attached the hydroxyl group of a long chain monoalcohol produced by reduction of a monocarboxylic acid derived from the triglyceride of a natural fat or oil, (c) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group produced by hydrogenating an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group attached to a monocarboxylic acid derived from the triglyceride of a natural fat or oil, or (d) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group produced by hydrogenating an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group attached to the hydroxyl group of a long chain monoalcohol produced by reduction of a monocarboxylic acid derived from the triglyceride of a natural fat or oil.

Claim 6

The particles of claim 4 wherein from one to three of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently methyl or ethyl.

Claim 7

The particles of claim 4 wherein from one to three of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each methyl.

Claim 8

The particles of claim 1 wherein said surfactant is dimethyl di(hydrogenated tallow) ammonium chloride.

Claim 9

The particles of claim 1 wherein said surfactant constitutes from about 0.01 to about 5 weight percent of said particles.

Claim 10

The particles of claim 1 wherein said surfactant constitutes from about 0.05 to about 3 weight percent of said particles.

Claim 11

The particles of claim 1 wherein said surfactant constitutes from about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent of said particles.

Claim 12

A composition comprising organic polymer and particles of surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate, said particles comprising particulate ammonium polyphosphate surface-modified with at least one quaternary ammonium salt catonic surfactant represented by the formula: R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 N.sup.+ X.sup.- wherein: (a) each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, (b) R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 collectively contain from about 15 to about 48 carbon atoms, and (c) X is an anion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, sulfate/2, phosphate/3, methosulfate, and ethosulfate.

Claim 13

A composition comprising organic polymer and particles of surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate, said particles comprising particulate ammonium polyphosphate surface-modified with at least one quaternary ammonium salt catonic surfactant represented by the formula: R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 N.sup.+ X.sup.- wherein: (a) each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, (b) R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 collectively contain from about 15 to about 48 carbon atoms, and (c) X is an anion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, sulfate/2, phosphate/3, methosulfate, and ethosulfate.

Claim 14

The composition of claim 11 wherein said surfactant constitutes from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight of said particles.

Claim 15

The composition of claim 11 wherein said surfactant constitutes from about 0.05 to about 3 percent by weight of said particles.

Claim 16

The composition of claim 11 wherein said surfactant constitutes from about 0.1 to about 1 percent by weight of said particles.

Claim 17

The composition of claim 11 which comprises carbonific, spumific, or a mixture thereof.

Claim 18

The composition of claim 15 wherein the weight ratio of said carbonific, spumific, or mixture thereof to said particles is in the range of from about 10:100 to about 100:100.

Claim 19

The composition of claim 15 which comprises carbonific.

Claim 20

The composition of claim 17 wherein said carbonific is pentaerythritol.

Claim 21

The composition of claim 11 wherein said organic polymer is poly(ester urethane).

Claim 22

The composition of claim 11 wherein said organic polymeric is polyolefin.

Claim 23

The composition of claim 20 wherein said polyolefin is polyethylene.

Claim 24

The composition of claim 20 wherein said polyolefin is polypropylene.

Claim 25

The composition of claim 11 wherein the weight ratio of said particles to said organic polymer is in the range from about 10:100 to about 100:100.

Claim 26

The composition of claim 11 wherein the weight ratio of said particles to said organic polymer is in the range of from about 15:100 to about 85:100.

Claim 27

The composition of claim 11 wherein the weight ratio of said particles to said organic polymer is in the range of from about 20:100 to about 70:100.