US5004373A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method for initiating in-situ vitrification using an impregnated cord
Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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Filing: 1988-12-08
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Granted: 1991-04-02
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Expires: 2008-12-08
Abstract
Abstract In-situ vitrification of soil is initiated by placing a cord of dielectric material impregnated with conductive material in thermally-conductive contact with the soil, and energizing the cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
Inventors
- 👤 John G. Carter
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 22:49
CPC Classifications
B; B09; B09C; B09C1/00; B09C1/06; B09C1/067; E; E02; E02D; E02D3/00; E02D3/11; G; G21; G21F; G21F9/00; G21F9/28; G21F9/30; G21F9/301; G21F9/302; G21F9/305; G21F9/308; B09C2101/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
84 words
A method for initiating the in-situ vitrification of soil, comprising the following steps: impregnating a cord composed of dielectric fibers with a conductive material in finely divided form, whereby the conductive material enters interstices among the fibers of the cord, positioning the cord so that it is in thermally-conductive contact with the soil and connecting the cord between a pair of electrode that extend into the soil, and energizing the cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
84 words
A method for initiating the in-situ vitrification of soil, comprising the following steps: impregnating a cord composed of dielectric fibers with a conductive material in finely divided form, whereby the conductive material enters interstices among the fibers of the cord, positioning the cord so that it is in thermally-conductive contact with the soil and connecting the cord between a pair of electrode that extend into the soil, and energizing the cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
81 words
A method for initiating the in-situ vitrification of soil, comprising the following steps: (a) immersing a glass fiber cord in a graphite suspension, whereby particles of graphite enter interstices among the fibers of the cord, (b) positioning the cord so that it is in thermally-conductive contact with the soil and connecting the cord between a pair of electrodes that extend into the soil, and (c) energizing the cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
81 words
A method for initiating the in-situ vitrification of soil, comprising the following steps: (a) immersing a glass fiber cord in a graphite suspension, whereby particles of graphite enter interstices among the fibers of the cord, (b) positioning the cord so that it is in thermally-conductive contact with the soil and connecting the cord between a pair of electrodes that extend into the soil, and (c) energizing the cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method in accordance with claim 2 further comprising the following step between steps (a) and (b): applying graphite flakes to the cord.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method in accordance with claim 3, further comprising the following steps between steps (a) and (c): placing the cord in a trench, and covering the cord with glass frit material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 4, wherein the glass frit material is applied in a layer of which the upper surface is below the surface of the soil, and the method further comprises covering the layer of glass frit material with soil.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
46 words
A method for initiating the in-situ vitrification of soil, comprising the following steps: placing a cord of dielectric material impregnated with conductive material in thermally-conductive contact with the soil, and energizing the cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
46 words
A method for initiating the in-situ vitrification of soil, comprising the following steps: placing a cord of dielectric material impregnated with conductive material in thermally-conductive contact with the soil, and energizing the cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 6, wherein the dielectric material is glass fiber and the conductive material is finely divided graphite in interstices among the fibers of the cord.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method in accordance with claim 6, comprising forming a trench in the soil, placing glass frit material in the trench, and placing the cord in the trench.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 8, wherein the glass frit material has a lower melting point than the soil.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method in accordance with claim 6, comprising forming a trench in the soil, placing the cord in the trench and placing glass frit material in the trench.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 10, wherein the glass frit has a lower melting point than the soil.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
54 words
An apparatus for performing in-situ vitrification of soil comprising: at least two conductive electrodes, means for initiating the vitrification of the soil, said means comprising at least one dielectric cord impregnated with conductive material and attached between said conductive electrodes, and means for energizing said electrodes and said impregnated cord with an electric current.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
54 words
An apparatus for performing in-situ vitrification of soil comprising: at least two conductive electrodes, means for initiating the vitrification of the soil, said means comprising at least one dielectric cord impregnated with conductive material and attached between said conductive electrodes, and means for energizing said electrodes and said impregnated cord with an electric current.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for initiating the in-situ vitrification of soil, comprising the following steps: providing a cord of refractory fibers, impregnating the cord with conductive material in finely divided form, whereby particles of conductive material enter interstices among the fibers, so that the resistance of the impregnated cord is substantially less than the resistance of the cord alone, positioning the impregnated cord so that it is in thermally-conductive contact with the soil and connecting the cord between a pair of electrodes that extend into the soil, and energizing the impregnated cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for initiating the in-situ vitrification of soil, comprising the following steps: providing a cord of refractory fibers, impregnating the cord with conductive material in finely divided form, whereby particles of conductive material enter interstices among the fibers, so that the resistance of the impregnated cord is substantially less than the resistance of the cord alone, positioning the impregnated cord so that it is in thermally-conductive contact with the soil and connecting the cord between a pair of electrodes that extend into the soil, and energizing the impregnated cord with an electric current for heating the cord and starting the vitrification process.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-04-01 | 1994-10-01 | 1995-04-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-04-01 | 1998-10-01 | 1999-04-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-04-01 | 2002-10-01 | 2003-04-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |