US4954263A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Coagulation treatment of fluids
Assignee: DAW Enterprises Ltd
•
Filing: 1988-03-31
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Granted: 1990-09-04
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Expires: 2008-03-31
Abstract
Abstract A method of treating fluids to induce coagulation of particles comprises subjecting the fluid to the influence of a repulsive magnetic field, that is a magnetic field generated between opposed like magnetic poles as distinct from a magnetic field generated between North and South poles. Preferably oligo-dynamic particles of mineral or other substances are introduced into the fluid before, during or after magnetic treatment. The preferred method of particle introduction is by sacrificial anode incorporated in an electrical circuit with a cathode and the fluid as an electrolyte. The invention may be applied to the treatment of hard water to prevent or reduce deposition of scale and in the treatment of swimming pool water to eliminate bacteria and/or control formation of algae. A variety of other uses in relation to both liquids and gases are described.
Inventors
- 👤 Derek A. Woodhouse
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 20:39
CPC Classifications
C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/48; C02F1/481; C02F1/482; B; B03; B03C; B03C1/00; B03C1/02; B03C1/023; C02F1/46; C02F1/4606; C02F1/461; C02F1/463; C02F1/50; C02F1/505; C02F2103/00; C02F2103/42; C02F2303/00; C02F2303/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
81 words
A method for the treatment of a fluid comprising introducing oligo-dynamic particles into the fluid by electrolytic means using the fluid as an electrolyte whereby to form sites for coagulation and crystal formation in the fluid, passing the fluid between like magnetic poles generating a repulsive magnetic field, and permitting the thus treated particles to remain in and flow with the fluid whereby to enhance subsequent coagulation and crystal formation of the introduced particles and particles already present in the fluid.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
81 words
A method for the treatment of a fluid comprising introducing oligo-dynamic particles into the fluid by electrolytic means using the fluid as an electrolyte whereby to form sites for coagulation and crystal formation in the fluid, passing the fluid between like magnetic poles generating a repulsive magnetic field, and permitting the thus treated particles to remain in and flow with the fluid whereby to enhance subsequent coagulation and crystal formation of the introduced particles and particles already present in the fluid.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said fluid is passed through said repulsive magnetic field before introduction of said particles.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said fluid is passed through said repulsive magnetic field during or after introduction of said particles.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said introduced particles are of a finer size then the existing particles in the fluid.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said introduced particles are greater in number than the existing particles in the fluid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method according to claim 1 for preventing or reducing the deposition of scale wherein said fluid comprises hard water and said particles comprise electrically charged oligo-dynamic metallic salt particles of a non-toxic metal which produces an amphoteric hydroxide in aqueous solution.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 6 wherein said particles are particles of zinc hydroxide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 1 for the elimination of bacteria wherein said fluid is a liquid and said particles comprise metallic salt particles of silver.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 8 wherein said liquid is an oil.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 8 wherein metallic salt particles of copper are introduced for the elimination of algae.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method according to claim 10 for treatment of swimming pool water wherein introduction and magnetic treatment is effected separately in relation to each metallic salt, following which the treated water is circulated through the pool and withdrawn for withdrawal of dead material by filtering.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method according to claim 8 for the prevention of deterioration by bacterial action wherein said liquid is selected from liquid food products, wine, beer, dyes, detergents, paint and liquid coating materials.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 1 for the treatment of plants wherein said fluid comprises water and said particles comprise particles of plant nutrients.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 1 for the purification of gaseous emissions wherein said fluid is selected from power station discharges and engine exhaust gases.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said fluid contains radio-active particles and said oligo-dynamic particles comprise metallic salt particles of lead.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
80 words
Apparatus for use in the treatment of fluids comprising electorlytic means for introducing oligo-dynamic particles into the fluid using the fluid as a electrolyte, and means constraining the fluid to pass through a repulsive magnetic field generated by opposed like magnetic poles, the treated particles remaining in the fluid and being permitted to flow out of the apparatus with the fluid, whereby to enhance subsequent coagulation and crystal formation of the introduced particles and particles already present in the fluid.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
80 words
Apparatus for use in the treatment of fluids comprising electorlytic means for introducing oligo-dynamic particles into the fluid using the fluid as a electrolyte, and means constraining the fluid to pass through a repulsive magnetic field generated by opposed like magnetic poles, the treated particles remaining in the fluid and being permitted to flow out of the apparatus with the fluid, whereby to enhance subsequent coagulation and crystal formation of the introduced particles and particles already present in the fluid.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein said magnetic poles are poles of a permanent magnet.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein said magnetic poles are poles of an electro-magnet.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
29 words
Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein said means for introducing said particles comprises a sacrificial anode incorporated in an electrical circuit with a cathode and the fluid as electrolyte.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
15 words
Apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said circuit is driven by a self-induced electrical potential.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
Apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said circuit is driven by an applied external electrical potential.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said anode is composed of a metal which is non-toxic and forms an amphoteric hydroxide in aqueous solution.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
12 words
Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein said anode is formed from zinc.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
12 words
Apparatus according to claim 23 wherein said cathode is formed from copper.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein said anode is formed from silver.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
12 words
Apparatus according to claim 25 wherein said cathode is formed from copper.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-09-03 | 1994-03-05 | 1994-09-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-09-03 | 1998-03-05 | 1998-09-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-09-03 | 2002-03-05 | 2002-09-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |