US4937166A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Polymer coated carrier particles for electrophotographic developers
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1987-12-22
•
Granted: 1990-06-26
•
Expires: 2007-12-22
Abstract
Abstract A carrier composition comprised of a core with a coating thereover comprised of a mixture of first and second polymers that are not in close proximity thereto in the triboelectric series.
Inventors
- 👤 John A. Creatura
- 👤 George R. Hsu
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 23:58
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/10; G03G9/113; G03G9/1131; G03G9/1132; G03G9/1133; G03G9/1134; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S526/00; Y10S526/934; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2991; Y10T428/2998
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
69 words
A carrier composition comprised of a core with a coating thereover comprised of a mixture of first and second polymers that are not in close proximity thereto in the triboelectric series wherein the triboelectric charging properties of the carrier are independent of the conductivities thereof, said triboelectric properties being dependent on the ratio of polymers present, and said conductivity being dependent on the coating weight of the polymers selected.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
69 words
A carrier composition comprised of a core with a coating thereover comprised of a mixture of first and second polymers that are not in close proximity thereto in the triboelectric series wherein the triboelectric charging properties of the carrier are independent of the conductivities thereof, said triboelectric properties being dependent on the ratio of polymers present, and said conductivity being dependent on the coating weight of the polymers selected.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
90 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the first polymer is present in an amount of from about 10 percent by weight to about 90 percent by weight, and the second polymer is present in an amount of from about 90 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight wherein the triboelectric charging properties of the carrier are independent of the conductivities thereof, said triboelectric properties being dependent on the ratio of polymers present, and said conductivity being dependent on the coating weight of the polymers selected.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of iron, ferrites, steel and nickel.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
46 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the first polymer is present in an amount of from about 40 to about 60 percent by weight, and the second polymer is present in an amount of from about 60 to about 40 percent by weight.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the difference in electronic work function values between the first and second polymer is at least 0.2 electron volts.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said particles have a triboelectric charging value of from about -5 to about -80 microcoulombs per gram.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the first and second polymers are selected from the group consisting of polystyrene and tetrafluoroethylene; polyethylene and tetrafluoroethylene; polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride; polyvinyl acetate and tetrafluoroethylene; polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl chloride; polyvinyl acetate and polystyrene; and polyvinyl acetate and polymethyl methacrylate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 1 wherein constant conductivity values and different triboelectric charging characteriestics are achieved by maintaining a substantially similar coating weight on the carrier particles and altering the ratio of polymer coating present.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 1 which possesses constant triboelectric charging values and wherein the conductivities thereof are modified by retaining the coating polymers ratio coating constant and modifying the coating weight thereof.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 1 wherein the conductivity thereof is from about 10 -6 mho-cm -1 to about 10 -17 mho-cm -1 .
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 1 wherein the coating weight is from about 0.05 to about 3 weight percent.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the coating weight is 0.1 percent, the triboelectric charge on the carrier particles is -63 microcoulombs per gram, and the carrier particles have a conductivity of 10 -15 mho-cm -1 with the carrier coating polymer mixture ratio being 9 to 1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the coating weight is 0.5 percent, the triboelectric charge on the carrier particles is -29.8 microcoulombs per gram, and the carrier particles have a conductivity of 10 -14 mho-cm -1 with the carrier coating polymer mixture ratio being 3 to 2.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the coating weight is 0.4 percent, the triboelectric charge on the carrier particles is -47.6 microcoulombs per gram, and the carrier particles have a conductivity of 10 -14 mho-cm -1 with the carrier coating polymer mixture ratio being 7 to 3.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the coating weight is 0.7 percent, the triboelectric charge on the carrier particles is -42.0 microcoulombs per gram, and the carrier particles have a conductivity of 10 -15 mho-cm -1 with the carrier coating polymer mixture ratio being 7 to 3.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
37 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 1 wherein substantially constant conductivities and substantially different triboelectric charging properties are achieved by maintaining a substantially similar coating weight on the carrier particles and modifying the ratio of polymers present.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
35 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 16 which possesses substantially constant triboelectric charging properties and wherein the conductivities thereof are modified by selecting a substantially constant ratio of polymers and modifying the coating weight thereof.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 16 wherein the polymer ratios for the first and second polymers are from about 0.5 to about 9, and from about 9 to about 0.5.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 17 wherein the polymer ratios for the first and second polymers are from about 0.5 to about 9, and from about 9 to about 0.5.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
24 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 16 wherein the coating weight of the polymer mixture is from about 0.05 to about 3 weight percent.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
24 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 17 wherein the coating weight of the polymer mixture is from about 0.05 to about 3 weight percent.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 16 wherein the conductivity thereof is from about 10 -6 mho-cm -17 mho-cm -1 .
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
33 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 1 wherein the triboelectric charge thereof is from about a -5 to about a -80 microcoulombs per gram, and wherein the carrier possesses a substantially constant conductivity.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
36 words
A carrier in accordance with claim 1 wherein the conductivities thereof are from about 10 -6 mho-cm -1 to about 10 -17 mho-cm -1 , and wherein the carrier possess a substantially constant triboelectric charging value.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 16 wherein the coating weight is 1.0 percent, the carrier coating polymer mixture ratio is 9 to 1, the triboelectric charge on the carrier particles is -63 microcoulombs per gram, and the carrier particles have a conductivity of 10 -15 mho-cm -1 .
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 16 wherein the coating weight is 0.5 percent, the carrier coating polymer mixture ratio is 3 to 2, the triboelectric charge on the carrier particles is -29.8 microcoulombs per gram, and the carrier particles have a conductivity of 10 -14 mho-cm -1 .
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 16 wherein the coating weight is 0.4 percent, the carrier coating polymer mixture ratio is 7 to 3, the triboelectric charge on the carrier particles is -47.6 microcoulombs per gram, and the carrier particles have a conductivity of 10 -14 mho-cm -1 .
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
50 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 16 wherein the coating weight is 0.7 percent, the carrier coating polymer mixture ratio is 7 to 3, the triboelectric charge on the carrier particles is -43.0 microcoulombs per gram, and the carrier particles have a conductivity of 10 -15 mho-cm -1 .
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
14 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 with a constant triboelectric charging value.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
A carrier composition in accordance with claim 1 with a constant conductivity.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-12-25 | 1994-06-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-06-25 | 1997-12-25 | 1998-06-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-06-25 | 2001-12-25 | 2002-06-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |