US4264697A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Imaging system
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1979-07-02
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Granted: 1981-04-28
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Expires: 1999-07-02
Abstract
Abstract An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided positively charging toner particles electrostatically clinging to negatively charging carrier particles. The toner particles comprise a resin, a colorant, and a charge inducing material selected from (1) a long chain hydrazinium compound and (2) an alkyl pyridinium compound. The carrier particles comprise core particles having a coating of fused thermoplastic resin particles wherein the carrier particles are prepared by dry-mixing the core particles with thermoplastic resin particles until the resin particles adhere to the core particles. The mixture of core and resin particles are heated to between 320° F. and 650° F. for between 20 and 120 minutes so that the resin particles melt and fuse to the core particles. The developer mixture is employed to develop electrostatic latent images.
Inventors
- 👤 Steven R. Perez
- 👤 Alan R. Monahan
- 👤 Chin H. Lu
- 👤 Peter F. Erhardt
- 👤 Eugene F. Young
- 👤 Christopher J. AuClair
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 23:54
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/10; G03G9/113; G03G9/1131; G03G9/097; G03G9/09733; G03G9/09741; G03G9/09758
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
230 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided, postively charging toner particles electrostatically clinging to negatively charging carrier particles having an average diameter of from between about 30 microns and about 1,000 microns, said toner particles comprising a resin, a colorant, and a charge inducing material comprising a long chain hydrazinium compound of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R 1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and A is an anion which is selected from halides, sulfate, sulphonate, phosphate and nitrate; said carrier particles comprising core particles having a coating of fused thermoplastic resin particles wherein said carrier particles are prepared by mixing said core particles with thermoplastic resin particles in an amount of from between about 0.05 percent and about 3.0 percent by weight based on the weight of said core particles, dry-mixing said core particles and said thermoplastic resin particles until said thermoplastic resin particles adhere to said core particles by mechanical impaction or electrostatic attraction, heating the mixture of core particles and thermoplastic resin particles to a temperature of between about 320° F. and about 650° F. for between about 120 minutes and about 20 minutes so that said thermoplastic resin particles melt and fuse to said core particles, and cooling the coated carrier particles.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
230 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided, postively charging toner particles electrostatically clinging to negatively charging carrier particles having an average diameter of from between about 30 microns and about 1,000 microns, said toner particles comprising a resin, a colorant, and a charge inducing material comprising a long chain hydrazinium compound of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R 1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and A is an anion which is selected from halides, sulfate, sulphonate, phosphate and nitrate; said carrier particles comprising core particles having a coating of fused thermoplastic resin particles wherein said carrier particles are prepared by mixing said core particles with thermoplastic resin particles in an amount of from between about 0.05 percent and about 3.0 percent by weight based on the weight of said core particles, dry-mixing said core particles and said thermoplastic resin particles until said thermoplastic resin particles adhere to said core particles by mechanical impaction or electrostatic attraction, heating the mixture of core particles and thermoplastic resin particles to a temperature of between about 320° F. and about 650° F. for between about 120 minutes and about 20 minutes so that said thermoplastic resin particles melt and fuse to said core particles, and cooling the coated carrier particles.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
36 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance wih claim 1 wherein said charge inducing material is a long chain hydrazinium compound wherein R 1 is cetyl, R 2 and R 3 are methyl and A is chloride.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 1 wherein said long chain hydrazinium compound is N,N-dimethyl N-cetyl hydrazinium chloride.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 1 wherein said long chain hydrazinium compound is N,N-dimethyl N-lauryl hydrazinium chloride.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 1 wherein long chain hydrazinium compound is N,N-dimethyl N-cetyl hydrazinium para-toluene sulfonate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 1 wherein said long chain hydrazinium compound is N,N-dimethyl N-lauryl hydrazinium bromide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
35 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 1 wherein said resin is a copolymer of a styrene-n-butyl methacrylate, said colorant is carbon black, and said long chain hydrazinium compound is N,N-dimethyl N-cetyl hydrazinium chloride.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 1 wherein said colorant is coated with said long chain hydrazinium compound in an amount of from 1 percent to 6 percent by weight based on the weight of the colorant.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
203 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided, positively charging toner particles electrostatically clinging to negatively charging carrier particles having an average diameter of from between about 30 microns and about 1,000 microns, said toner particles comprising a resin, a colorant, and a charge inducing material, comprising an alkyl pyridinium compound and its hydrate of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and A is an anion; said carrier particles comprising core particles having a coating of fused thermoplastic resin particles wherein said carrier particles are prepared by mixing said core particles with thermoplastic resin particles in an amount of from between about 0.05 percent and about 3.0 percent by weight based on the weight of said core particles, dry-mixing said core particles and said thermoplastic resin particles until said thermoplastic resin particles adhere to said core particles by mechanical impaction or electrostatic attraction, heating the mixture of core particles and thermoplastic resin particles to a temperature of between about 320° F. and about 650° F. for between about 120 minutes and about 20 minutes so that said thermoplastic resin particles melt and fuse to said core particles, and cooling the coated carrier particles.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
203 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided, positively charging toner particles electrostatically clinging to negatively charging carrier particles having an average diameter of from between about 30 microns and about 1,000 microns, said toner particles comprising a resin, a colorant, and a charge inducing material, comprising an alkyl pyridinium compound and its hydrate of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and A is an anion; said carrier particles comprising core particles having a coating of fused thermoplastic resin particles wherein said carrier particles are prepared by mixing said core particles with thermoplastic resin particles in an amount of from between about 0.05 percent and about 3.0 percent by weight based on the weight of said core particles, dry-mixing said core particles and said thermoplastic resin particles until said thermoplastic resin particles adhere to said core particles by mechanical impaction or electrostatic attraction, heating the mixture of core particles and thermoplastic resin particles to a temperature of between about 320° F. and about 650° F. for between about 120 minutes and about 20 minutes so that said thermoplastic resin particles melt and fuse to said core particles, and cooling the coated carrier particles.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 9 wherein said alkyl pyridinium compound is cetyl pyridinium chloride.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
43 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 9 wherein said charge inducing material is an alkyl pyridinium compound wherein said anion is selected from halides, sulfates, sulfonates, nitrates and borates, and R is a hydrocarbon radical of 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
35 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 9 wherein said carrier particles have said fused coating of said thermoplastic resin particles over between about 15 percent and about 85 percent of their surface area.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
47 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 9 wherein said core particles comprise low density, porous, magnetic or magnetically attractable metal particles having a gritty, oxidized surface and a surface area of at least about 200cm 2 /gram and up to about 1300 cm 2 /gram.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 9 wherein said core particles are selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, ferrite, magnetite, nickel, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrostatographic developer mixture in accordance with claim 9 wherein said thermoplastic resin particles are selected from the group consisting of fluorinated ethylene, fluorinated propylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, trichlorofluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, trifluorochloroethylene, and derivatives thereof.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-04-27 | 1984-10-27 | 1985-04-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-04-27 | 1988-10-27 | 1989-04-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-04-27 | 1992-10-27 | 1993-04-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |