Patent US4897876A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4897876A
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Method of and an arrangement for digital signal encryption
Assignee: US Philips Corp
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Filing: 1988-05-02
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Granted: 1990-01-30
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Expires: 2008-05-02
Abstract
Abstract An improved arrangement for digital signal encrytion using a cipher algorithm in which a multi-bit key signal is used to produce a first keystream signal of coding bytes which are used in an exclusive-OR logical operation with data bytes of a received digital data signal to produce an enciphered/deciphered output digital data signal. Hitherto, the keysteam signal was also fed back into the algorithm for processing with the key signal, but this was found to result in an insecure arrangement because the keystream signal can be found by exclusive-ORing the received digital data signal with only a few bytes of the output data signal that are already known, following which the key signal itself can be deduced by a fairly simple trial-and-error computing procedure. The improvement consists in feeding back into the algorithm a keystream signal which is not the same as that used for the exclusive-OR logical operation. This different keystream signal can be produced either directly or indirectly from the keystream signal used for the exclusive-OR logical operation. FIGS. 3 and 7 show these two possible ways of producing the different keystream signal.
Inventors
- 👤 Andrew K. Davies
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 03:23
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L9/00; H04L9/06; H04L9/065
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
331 words
A method of digital signal encryption comprising the steps of: (a) providing a key signal; (b) providing an initial number signal; (c) combining said key signal and said number signal in a cipher algorithm to produce a first keystream signal; (d) performing an exclusive-OR logical operation with the first keystream signal and a digital data signal to produce an enciphered or a deciphered signal; (e) modifying progressively the number signal using a feedback control with a second keystream signal which is different from said first keystream signal and is derived either indirectly or directly from the latter by at least one logical operation not involving the actual digital data signal being processed wherein the second keystream signal is produced by the cipher algorithm from the same combined key signal/number signal data as that used to produce the first keystream signal; (f) providing the key signal with m bytes each containing n bits; (g) providing the initial number signal also with m bytes each containing n bits; (h) adding modulo-2 n each key signal byte and a respective initial number signal byte to produce m new bytes each containing n bits; (i) using each of the m new bytes in a function to obtain m modified bytes; (j) selecting a first different bit from each of the modified new bytes to obtain a first single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the first keystream signal; (k) selecting a second different bit from each of the modified new bytes to obtain a second single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the second keystream signal; (l) replacing one of the initial number signal bytes with the second single resultant byte for the second keystream signal to form a new initial number signal; and (m) repeating steps (h) to (l) until all the data bytes of the digital data signal have been dealt with by performing the exclusive-OR logical operation with successive bytes of the first keystream signal and the digital data signal.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
331 words
A method of digital signal encryption comprising the steps of: (a) providing a key signal; (b) providing an initial number signal; (c) combining said key signal and said number signal in a cipher algorithm to produce a first keystream signal; (d) performing an exclusive-OR logical operation with the first keystream signal and a digital data signal to produce an enciphered or a deciphered signal; (e) modifying progressively the number signal using a feedback control with a second keystream signal which is different from said first keystream signal and is derived either indirectly or directly from the latter by at least one logical operation not involving the actual digital data signal being processed wherein the second keystream signal is produced by the cipher algorithm from the same combined key signal/number signal data as that used to produce the first keystream signal; (f) providing the key signal with m bytes each containing n bits; (g) providing the initial number signal also with m bytes each containing n bits; (h) adding modulo-2 n each key signal byte and a respective initial number signal byte to produce m new bytes each containing n bits; (i) using each of the m new bytes in a function to obtain m modified bytes; (j) selecting a first different bit from each of the modified new bytes to obtain a first single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the first keystream signal; (k) selecting a second different bit from each of the modified new bytes to obtain a second single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the second keystream signal; (l) replacing one of the initial number signal bytes with the second single resultant byte for the second keystream signal to form a new initial number signal; and (m) repeating steps (h) to (l) until all the data bytes of the digital data signal have been dealt with by performing the exclusive-OR logical operation with successive bytes of the first keystream signal and the digital data signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that step (i) is performed by using each of the m new bytes to address a look-up table to obtain the m modified new bytes.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterised by including the further steps of: (n) adding modulo-2 n each first single resultant byte and each second single resultant byte to the preceding first single resultant byte, to produce respective sum bytes which now constitute bytes for the first and second keystream signals, respectively, this further step being performed after each of the steps (j) and (k).
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
72 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterised by including the further steps of: (o) adding modulo-2 n each first single resultant byte and each second single resultant byte to the preceding first and second single resultant bytes respectively, to produce respective sum bytes which now constitute bytes for the first and second keystream signals, respectively, this further step being performed after each of the steps (j) and (k).
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
33 words
A modification of the method as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4, characterised in that at least one of the modulo-2 n adding logical operation is replaced by an exclusive-OR logical operation.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
54 words
A modification of the method claimed in claim 4, characterised in that in respect of at least one of the first and second single resultant bytes the logical operation (adding modulo-2 n or exclusive-ORing, as the case may be), performed thereon uses the succeeding single resultant byte instead of the preceding single resultant byte.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the second keystream signal is produced by performing a further logical operation involving the first keystream signal as one input thereto.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that said further logical operation is an exclusive-OR logical operation in which the first keystream signal is exclusive-OR'd with the subsisting number signal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
190 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, claim 7 or claim 8, characterised by comprising the steps of: (r) providing the key signal with m bytes each containing n bytes; (s) providing the initial number signal also with m bytes each containing n bits; (t) adding modulo-2 n each key signal byte and a respective initial number signal byte to produce m bytes each containing n bits; (u) selecting a different bit from each of the new bytes to obtain a single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the first keystream signal; (v) performing an exclusive-OR logical operation using each single resultant byte with a byte taken from the initial number signal to produce a new single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the second keystream signal; (w) replacing one of the initial number bytes with the new single resultant byte to form a new initial number signal; and (x) repeating steps (t) to (w) until all the data bytes of the digital data signal have been dealt with by performing the exclusive-OR logical operation with successive bytes of the first keystream signal and the digital data signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that each of the m bytes of the initial number signal as progressively altered by step (w) are used in turn for successive performances of the exclusive-OR logical operation for that step.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that a single bit from each of the m bytes of the initial number signal as progressively altered by step (w) are used to form a byte for each performance of the exclusive-OR logical operation for that step.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
311 words
An arrangement for digital signal encryption comprising: means for providing a key signal; means for providing an initial number signal; means for combining said key signal and said number signal in a cipher algorithm to produce a first keystream signal; means for performing an exclusive-OR logical operation with the first keystream signal and a digital data signal to produce an enciphered or a deciphered signal; means for modifying progressively the number signal using a feedback control not involving the actual digital data being processed; logic operation means provided for producing for said feedback control a second keystream signal which is different from said first keystream signal and is derived either indirectly or directly from the latter by at least one logical operation; the logic operation means operable to produce said second keystream signal from the same combined key signal and number signal data as that used to produce the first keystream signal; means for providing the key signal with m bytes each containing n bits; means for providing the initial number signal also with m bytes each containing n bits; means for adding modulo-2 n each key signal byte and a respective initial number signal byte to produce m new bytes each containing n bits; means for using each of the m new bytes in a function to obtain m modified bytes; means for selecting a first different bit from each of the modified new bytes to obtain a first single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the first keystream signal; means for selecting a second different bit from each of the modified new bytes to obtain a second single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the second keystream signal; and means for replacing one of the initial number signal bytes with the second single resultant byte for the second keystream signal to form a new initial number signal.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
311 words
An arrangement for digital signal encryption comprising: means for providing a key signal; means for providing an initial number signal; means for combining said key signal and said number signal in a cipher algorithm to produce a first keystream signal; means for performing an exclusive-OR logical operation with the first keystream signal and a digital data signal to produce an enciphered or a deciphered signal; means for modifying progressively the number signal using a feedback control not involving the actual digital data being processed; logic operation means provided for producing for said feedback control a second keystream signal which is different from said first keystream signal and is derived either indirectly or directly from the latter by at least one logical operation; the logic operation means operable to produce said second keystream signal from the same combined key signal and number signal data as that used to produce the first keystream signal; means for providing the key signal with m bytes each containing n bits; means for providing the initial number signal also with m bytes each containing n bits; means for adding modulo-2 n each key signal byte and a respective initial number signal byte to produce m new bytes each containing n bits; means for using each of the m new bytes in a function to obtain m modified bytes; means for selecting a first different bit from each of the modified new bytes to obtain a first single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the first keystream signal; means for selecting a second different bit from each of the modified new bytes to obtain a second single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the second keystream signal; and means for replacing one of the initial number signal bytes with the second single resultant byte for the second keystream signal to form a new initial number signal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
An arrangement as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that a look-up table is used to obtain the m modified new bytes from the m new bytes.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
53 words
An arrangement as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13, characterised by including means for adding modulo-2 n each first single resultant byte and each second single resultant byte to the preceding first single resultant byte, to produce respective sum bytes which now constitute bytes for the first and second keystream signals, respectively.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
56 words
An arrangement as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13, characterised by including means for adding modulo-2 n each first single resultant byte and each second single resultant byte to the preceding first and second single resultant bytes respectively, to produce respective sum bytes which now constitute bytes for the first and second keystream signals, respectively.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
37 words
A modification of the arrangement as claimed in claim 14, characterised in that at least one of the means for performing the adding modulo-2 n logical operation is replaced by means for performing an exclusive-OR logical operation.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
57 words
A modification of the arrangement claimed in claim 15, characterised in that in respect of at least one of the first and second single resultant bytes the means for adding modulo-2 n or exclusive-OR logical operations, as the case may be, uses the succeeding single resultant byte instead of the preceding single resultant byte for its operation.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
32 words
An arrangement as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the second keystream signal is produced by means performing a further logical operation involving the first keystream signal as one input thereto.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
33 words
An arrangement as claimed in claim 18, characterised in that said further logical operation means performs an exclusive-OR logical operation in which the first keystream signal is exclusive-OR'd with the subsisting number signal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
154 words
An arrangement as claimed in claim 12, claim 18 or claim 19, characterised by comprising: means for providing the key signal with m bytes each containing n bits; means for providing the initial number signal also with m bytes each containing n bits; means for adding modulo-2 n each key signal byte and a respective initial number signal byte to produce m bytes each containing n bits; means for selecting a different bit from each of the new bytes to obtain a single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the first keystream signal; means for performing an exclusive-OR logical operation using each single resultant byte with a byte taken from the initial number signal to produce a new single resultant byte which constitutes a byte of the second keystream signal; and means for replacing one of the initial number bytes with the new single resultant byte to form a new initial condition number.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
39 words
An arrangement as claimed in claim 20, characterised in that each of the m bytes of the initial number signal as progressively altered by said replacement means are used in turn for successive performances of the exclusive-OR logical operation.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
45 words
An arrangement as claimed in claim 20, characterised in that a single bit from each of the m bytes of the initial number signal as progressively altered by said replacement means are used to form a byte for each performance of the exclusive-OR logical operation.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
30 words
A modification of the method as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that at least one of the modulo-2 n adding logical operations is replaced by an exclusive-OR logical operation.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
54 words
A modification of the method claimed in claim 5, characterised in that in respect of at least one of the first and second single resultant bytes the logical operation adding modulo-2 n or exclusive-ORing, as the case may be, performed thereon uses the succeeding single resultant byte instead of the preceding single resultant byte.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
37 words
A modification of the arrangement as claimed in claim 15, characterised in that at least one of the means for performing the adding modulo-2 n logical operations is replaced by means for performing an exclusive-OR logical operation.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
57 words
A modification of the arrangement claimed in claim 16, characterised in that in respect of at least one of the first and second single resultant bytes the means for adding modulo-2 n or exclusive-OR logical operations, as the case may be, uses the succeeding single resultant byte instead of the preceding single resultant byte for its operation.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-01-29 | 1993-07-31 | 1994-01-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-01-29 | 1997-07-31 | 1998-01-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-01-29 | 2001-07-31 | 2002-01-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |