US4882244A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Battery containing a metal anode and an electrolyte providing high rates of metal electrolysis at near ambient temperatures
Assignee: University of Michigan (System)
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Filing: 1987-04-02
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Granted: 1989-11-21
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Expires: 2007-04-02
Abstract
Abstract A high rate, high energy density electrochemical cell utilizing a metal anode is disclosed. This electrochemical cell contains an acidic electrolyte which comprises a cation component, a Lewis acid, and a nitrile compound.
Inventors
- 👤 Francis M. Donahue
- 👤 Leif R. Simonsen
- 👤 Russell L. Moy
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 14:20
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/05; H01M10/052; H01M10/056; H01M10/0564; H01M10/0566; H01M10/0568; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/36; H01M4/58; H01M4/60; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; H01M6/16; H01M6/162; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
125 words
A battery comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte, wherein: the anode comprises aluminum, zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, gallium, antimony, lead, or an alloy thereof; the electrolyte comprises an acidic mixture of a cation component, a Lewis acid and a nitrile component; wherein (1) the cation component is LiCl, NaCl, KCl or an organic cation which is a 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation, a halide derivative of a 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation, a N-alkyl pyridinium cation, an alkyl derivative of a N-alkyl pyridinium cation, a tetraalkyl ammonium cation, a halide derivative of a tetraalkyl ammonium cation, or a mixture thereof; and (2) the nitrile component is an aliphatic or unsaturated organic compound containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being substituted by at least one --CN substituent.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
125 words
A battery comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte, wherein: the anode comprises aluminum, zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, gallium, antimony, lead, or an alloy thereof; the electrolyte comprises an acidic mixture of a cation component, a Lewis acid and a nitrile component; wherein (1) the cation component is LiCl, NaCl, KCl or an organic cation which is a 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation, a halide derivative of a 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation, a N-alkyl pyridinium cation, an alkyl derivative of a N-alkyl pyridinium cation, a tetraalkyl ammonium cation, a halide derivative of a tetraalkyl ammonium cation, or a mixture thereof; and (2) the nitrile component is an aliphatic or unsaturated organic compound containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being substituted by at least one --CN substituent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
29 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the Lewis acid comprises aluminum trichloride, aluminum tribromide, aluminum triiodide, magnesium dichloride, calcium dichloride, a mixed halide of these, or a mixture thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the nitrile component is acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, benzonitrile or a mixture of these.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said electrolyte contains a molar ratio of Lewis acid to cation component which is greater than one and up to 50.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said organic cation is a 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation in which each alkyl group independent contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said organic cation is a N-alkyl pyridinium cation in which the alkyl group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
29 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said organic cation ion is a tetraalkyl ammonium cation in which each alkyl group independently contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said organic cation is a 1,3-dialkyl imidazolium cation substituted with from 1 to 6 halogen atoms and wherein each alkyl group independently contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said organic cation is a N-(C 1-6 )alkyl pyridinium cation further substituted by one to six C 1-4 alkyl substituents.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
37 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said organic cation is a tetraalkyl ammonium cation substituted with from 1 to 6 halide atoms and in which each alkyl group independently contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
The battery of claim 4, wherein the said molar ratio is up to 10.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said cation component and the said Lewis acid are used together in a (v/v) ratio to nitrile component of 0.1 to 50.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The battery of claim 12, wherein the said ratio is from 0.15 to 20.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said organic cation comprises 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazolium chloride and the said anode comprises aluminum.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said Lewis acid comprises aluminum chloride.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
12 words
The battery of claim 1, wherein the said nitrile compound comprises acetonitrile.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-11-20 | 1993-05-22 | 1993-11-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-11-20 | 1997-05-22 | 1997-11-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-11-20 | 2001-05-22 | 2001-11-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |