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US4834052A
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Internal combustion engine having air/fuel mixture with anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance and method for using such porcelain for heating air/fuel mixture
Assignee: Denso Corp
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Filing: 1987-09-08
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Granted: 1989-05-30
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Expires: 2007-09-08
Abstract
Abstract Anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance comprises a barium titanate composition, and a flux containing 0.14 to 2.88 parts by weight of TiO 2 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of Al 2 O 3 and 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of SiO 2 per 100 parts by weight of the barium titanate composition. It has a high positive temperature coefficient of resistance which does not show any appreciable change in the presence of a reducing atmosphere, such as hydrogen gas or gasified gasoline. It need not be isolated from a reducing atmosphere by a plastic or metallic enclosure, but can be exposed thereto. The flux may further contain a zinc, potassium or lithium compound.
Inventors
- 👤 Makoto Hori
- 👤 Hitoshi Niwa
- 👤 Hirokatsu Mukai
- 👤 Toshiatsu Nagaya
- 👤 Naoto Miwa
- 👤 Itsuhei Ogata
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 22:19
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01C; H01C7/00; H01C7/02; H01C7/022; H01C7/023; H01C7/025; C; C04; C04B; C04B35/00; C04B35/01; C04B35/46; C04B35/462; C04B35/465; C04B35/468; C04B35/4682; F; F02; F02M; F02M31/00; F02M31/02; F02M31/12; F02M31/135; H05; H05B; H05B3/00; H05B3/10; H05B3/12; H05B3/14; H05B3/141; Y; Y02; Y02T; Y02T10/00; Y02T10/10; Y02T10/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
110 words
An internal combustion engine, having an air-fuel mixture intake passage provided with an air-fuel mixture heater disposed for heating air-fuel mixture flowing through said air-fuel mixture intake passage wherein: said heater comprises an anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, said porcelain being disposed for physical contact with said air-fuel mixture flowing in said air-fuel mixture intake passage; said porcelain comprising 100 parts by weight of a barium titanate composition; and a flux composed of 0.14 to 2.88 parts by weight of TiO 2 , 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of Al 2 O 3 and 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of SiO 2 .
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
110 words
An internal combustion engine, having an air-fuel mixture intake passage provided with an air-fuel mixture heater disposed for heating air-fuel mixture flowing through said air-fuel mixture intake passage wherein: said heater comprises an anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, said porcelain being disposed for physical contact with said air-fuel mixture flowing in said air-fuel mixture intake passage; said porcelain comprising 100 parts by weight of a barium titanate composition; and a flux composed of 0.14 to 2.88 parts by weight of TiO 2 , 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of Al 2 O 3 and 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of SiO 2 .
Claim 3
Independent Claim
121 words
A method for heating an air-fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine, comprising: providing an air-fuel mixture intake for the internal combustion engine with a heater which comprises an anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, said porcelain being disposed for physical contact with said air-fuel mixture flowing in said air-fuel mixture intake passage; said porcelain comprising 100 parts by weight of a barium titanate composition; and a flux composed of 0.14 to 2.88 parts by weight of TiO 2 , 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of Al 2 O 3 and 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of SiO 2 ; and while electrically heating said porcelain, passing air-fuel mixture through said intake to said engine.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
121 words
A method for heating an air-fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine, comprising: providing an air-fuel mixture intake for the internal combustion engine with a heater which comprises an anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, said porcelain being disposed for physical contact with said air-fuel mixture flowing in said air-fuel mixture intake passage; said porcelain comprising 100 parts by weight of a barium titanate composition; and a flux composed of 0.14 to 2.88 parts by weight of TiO 2 , 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of Al 2 O 3 and 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of SiO 2 ; and while electrically heating said porcelain, passing air-fuel mixture through said intake to said engine.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
76 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said barium titanate composition is of the general formula Ba 1-x M x 3 TiO 3 or BaTi 1-y M y 5 O 3 , where M 3 is a rare earth element, such as Y, La, Sm, Ce or Ga, M 5 is a transition element, such as Nb or Ta, x is from 0.001 to 0.005, and y is from 0.0005 to 0.005.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
50 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said flux contains 0.2 to 1.6 parts by weight of said Al 2 O 3 , and further contains a zinc compound having a zinc content of 0.05 to 0.5 mol per 100 mols of said barium titanate composition.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
79 words
The internal combustion engine, as set forth in claim 4, wherein said flux contains 0.2 to 0.4 parts by weight of said Al 2 O 3 , 0.14 to 1.15 parts by weight of said TiO 2 and 0.2 to 0.8 parts by weight of said SiO 2 per 100 parts by weight of said barium titanate composition, and said zinc compound having a zinc content of 0.05 to 0.2 mol per 100 mols of said barium titanate composition.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 4, wherein said zinc compound is zinc oxide (ZnO).
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
76 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 4, wherein said barium titanate composition is of the general formula Ba 1-x M x 3 TiO 3 or BaTi 1-y M y 5 O 3 , where M 3 is a rare earth element, such as Y, La, Sm, Ce or Ga, M 5 is a transition element, such as Nb or Ta, x is from 0.001 to 0.005, and y is from 0.0005 to 0.005.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
50 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said flux contains 0.2 to 1.6 parts by weight of said Al 2 O 3 , and further contains a potassium compound having a potassium content of 0.01 to 0.6 mol per 100 mols of said barium titanate composition.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
79 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 8, wherein said flux contains 0.2 to 0.4 parts by weight of said Al 2 O 3 , 0.14 to 1.15 parts by weight of said TiO 3 and 0.2 to 0.8 parts by weight of said SiO 2 per 100 parts by weight of said barium titanate composition, and said potassium compound having a potassium content of 0.01 to 0.2 mol per 100 mols of said barium titanate composition.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 8, wherein said potassium compound is potassium oxide (K 2 O).
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
76 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 8, wherein said barium titanate composition is of the general formula Ba 1-x M x 3 TiO 3 or BaTi 1-y M y 5 O 3 , where M 3 is a rare earth element, such as Y, La, Sm, Ce or Ga, M 5 is a transition element, such as Nb or Ta, x is from 0.001 to 0.005, and y is from 0.0005 to 0.005.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
50 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said flux contains 0.2 to 1.6 parts by weight of said Al 2 O 3 , and further contains a lithium compound having a lithium content of 0.04 to 2.0 mols per 100 mols of said barium titanate composition.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
78 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 12, wherein said flux contains 0.2 to 0.4 part by weight of said Al 2 O 3 , 0.14 to 1.15 parts by weight of said TiO 2 and 0.2 to 0.8 part by weight of SiO 2 per 100 parts by weight of said barium titanate composition, and said lithium compound having a lithium content of 0.1 to 0.8 mol per 100 mols of said barium titanate composition.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 12, wherein said lithium compound is lithium oxide (Li 2 O).
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
76 words
The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 12, wherein said barium titanate composition is of the general formula Ba 1-x M x 3 TiO 3 or BaTi 1-y M y 5 O 3 , where M 3 is a rare earth element, such as Y, La, Sm, Ce or Ga, M 5 is a transition element, such as Nb or Ta, x is from 0.001 to 0.005, and y is from 0.0005 to 0.005.
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-05-29 | 1992-11-28 | 1993-05-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-05-29 | 1996-11-28 | 1997-05-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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