US4815850A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Relative-displacement measurement method
Assignee: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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Filing: 1987-01-27
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Granted: 1989-03-28
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Expires: 2007-01-27
Abstract
Abstract A relative displacement among a plurality of objects is measured with a high degree of accuracy by utilizing diffraction and interference phenomena of waves through diffraction gratings formed on the objects. Forming diffraction gratings on a plurality of objects, aligned or registered with each other, a wave is made incident to the diffraction gratings, thereby diffracted waves are obtained. A phase difference of the diffracted waves is measured. As a result, relative-displacements among the plurality of objects are obtained with a high degree of accuracy.
Inventors
- 👤 Toshihiko Kanayama
- 👤 Junji Itoh
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 06:10
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03F; G03F9/00; G03F9/70; G03F9/7049; G01; G01D; G01D5/00; G01D5/26; G01D5/32; G01D5/34; G01D5/36; G01D5/38
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
152 words
A relative-displacement measurement method comprising the steps of: forming a diffraction grating on one of two objects which are overlapped in parallel with each other; generating the waves which are different in frequency and polarized state from each other, incident to said diffraction grating, thereby obtaining firstly diffracted waves; making said firstly diffracted waves and/or waves passing through said diffraction grating incident to the other object not formed with a diffraction grating, thereby obtaining reflected light beams; diffracting said reflected light beams by said diffraction grating, thereby obtaining the secondary diffracted waves; and measuring a phase of beat component of a combined wave of reflectively diffracted light beams of the wave incident to said diffraction grating and said firstly and secondary diffracted waves relative to the beat that is created by interference between said incident waves having different frequencies, thereby obtaining a distance between said two objects from said phase thus measured.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
152 words
A relative-displacement measurement method comprising the steps of: forming a diffraction grating on one of two objects which are overlapped in parallel with each other; generating the waves which are different in frequency and polarized state from each other, incident to said diffraction grating, thereby obtaining firstly diffracted waves; making said firstly diffracted waves and/or waves passing through said diffraction grating incident to the other object not formed with a diffraction grating, thereby obtaining reflected light beams; diffracting said reflected light beams by said diffraction grating, thereby obtaining the secondary diffracted waves; and measuring a phase of beat component of a combined wave of reflectively diffracted light beams of the wave incident to said diffraction grating and said firstly and secondary diffracted waves relative to the beat that is created by interference between said incident waves having different frequencies, thereby obtaining a distance between said two objects from said phase thus measured.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said combined wave is made to pass through a polarizer so as to obtain the beat of the output light beam therefrom.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
89 words
A relative-displacement measurement method comprising the steps of: forming at least one diffraction grating on each of two objects; making two waves which can interfere with each other but are different in frequency from each other incident to said diffraction gratings, thereby obtaining at least two diffracted waves; and measuring a phase difference between beats generated in said diffracted waves resulting from an interference among said two waves having different frequencies, thereby obtaining relative displacement among said two objects based on the phase difference in said beats thus measured.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
89 words
A relative-displacement measurement method comprising the steps of: forming at least one diffraction grating on each of two objects; making two waves which can interfere with each other but are different in frequency from each other incident to said diffraction gratings, thereby obtaining at least two diffracted waves; and measuring a phase difference between beats generated in said diffracted waves resulting from an interference among said two waves having different frequencies, thereby obtaining relative displacement among said two objects based on the phase difference in said beats thus measured.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said two waves are electromagnetic waves which are different in polarized state from each other.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said electromagnetic waves are combined to form a single wave and made incident to said diffraction gratings.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said electromagnetic waves are linearly polarized in different directions, respectively.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 6, wherein two of three diffraction gratings are formed on one object, and one of three diffraction gratings is formed on the other object.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
40 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 7, wherein a period of the diffraction grating formed on one object is j/2i times that of the diffraction grating formed on the other object, where i and j are positive integers.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said obtained diffraction wave is made to pass through a polarizer so as to detect the beats of the output light beam from said polarizer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein two of three diffraction gratings are formed on one object, and one of three diffraction gratings is formed on the other object.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said three diffraction gratings are arranged symmetrically.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
40 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 10, wherein a period of the diffraction grating formed on one object is j/2i times that of the diffraction grating formed on the other object, where i and j are positive integers.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
33 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the period of the diffraction grating formed on one object is 1.5 times that of the diffraction grating formed on the other object.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein an optical system is interposed between said two objects.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
33 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said optical system includes a first lens, a second lens and a space filter disposed at a focal plane of said first lens.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said two objects are disposed in parallel with each other.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
60 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 16, further comprising the steps of obtaining at least two diffracted waves in addition to said diffracted waves used for the reference displacement; and measuring the phase difference in the beats of said diffracted waves, thereby determining a verticality of the wave incident in relation to the surface of the diffraction gratings.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
99 words
A relative-displacement measurement method comprising the steps of: forming at least one diffraction grating on each of two objects; generating two waves which can interfere with each other but are different in frequency; making one of said two waves incident to said diffraction gratings, thereby obtaining at least two diffracted waves; generating beats by making said diffracted waves interfere with the other of said two waves having a different frequency; and measuring a phase difference between said beats in said diffracted waves, thereby obtaining relative displacement among said objects based on the phase difference in said beats thus measured.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
99 words
A relative-displacement measurement method comprising the steps of: forming at least one diffraction grating on each of two objects; generating two waves which can interfere with each other but are different in frequency; making one of said two waves incident to said diffraction gratings, thereby obtaining at least two diffracted waves; generating beats by making said diffracted waves interfere with the other of said two waves having a different frequency; and measuring a phase difference between said beats in said diffracted waves, thereby obtaining relative displacement among said objects based on the phase difference in said beats thus measured.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
107 words
A relative-displacement measurement method as claimed in claim 18, wherein said two waves are electromagnetic waves having different polarization directions; said electromagnetic waves are transmitted through a polarizing beam splitter in such a way that the transmitted electromagnetic waves are made incident to said diffraction gratings through a quarter-wave plate; a reflected light beam is redirected through a quarter-wave plate and a reflecting mirror to said polarizing beam splitter; and the diffracted light beams from said diffraction gratings and the reflected light beam redirected to said polarizing beam splitter are combined and derived from said polarizing beam splitter, thereby generating said beats and detecting said phase difference.
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