Disproportionation of olefins

Claim 2

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefins at a temperature in the range from about 10° C. to about 350° C. with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by incorporating cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, into an alumina hydrogel and subsequently calcining to prepare said catalyst.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 wherein said catalyst contains from about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal.

Claim 4

The process of claim 2 wherein said catalyst contains from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum.

Claim 5

The process of claim 1 wherein said catalyst is prepared by incorporating cobalt, a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, and a phosphorus-containing compound into an alumina hydrogel.

Claim 6

The process of claim 4 wherein said alumina hydrogel contains a phosphorus-containing compound.

Claim 7

The process of claim 1 wherein said alumina hydrogel contains a phosphorus-containing compound.

Claim 8

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters least than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 10.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 8.0 to about 12.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with a metals solution containing solubilized salts of cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 10.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. until adsorption of the metal salts onto the gel is sufficient to yield a final catalyst having from about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 9

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters least than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 10.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 8.0 to about 12.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with a metals solution containing solubilized salts of cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 10.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. until adsorption of the metal salts onto the gel is sufficient to yield a final catalyst having from about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 10

The process of claim 7 wherein the precipitation is carried out at a pH in the range between about 5.5 and about 8.0.

Claim 11

The process of claim 7 wherein the precipitation is carried out at a temperature between about 50° C. and about 85° C.

Claim 12

The process of claim 7 wherein the aging pH is in the range between about 9.0 and about 11.0.

Claim 13

The process of claim 7 wherein step (d) is carried out at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 8.0.

Claim 14

The process of claim 7 wherein said metals solution contains solubilized salts of cobalt and molybdenum.

Claim 15

The process of claim 12 wherein said metals solution contains an amount of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum.

Claim 16

The process of claim 12 wherein said catalyst contains from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum.

Claim 17

The process of claim 7 wherein said metals solution additionally contains an amount of from 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum or tungsten.

Claim 18

The process of claim 7 wherein said olefinic hydrocarbons have carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 60 .

Claim 19

The process of claim 7 wherein said disproportionation conditions include a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 350° C. and a pressure of from about 50 psig to about 500 psig.

Claim 20

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) in the presence of a phosphorus-containing compound by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 10.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 8.0 to about 12.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with a solution containing solubilized salts of cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 10.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. until adsorption of the metal salts onto the gel is sufficient to yield a final catalyst having from about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 21

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) in the presence of a phosphorus-containing compound by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 10.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 8.0 to about 12.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with a solution containing solubilized salts of cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 10.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. until adsorption of the metal salts onto the gel is sufficient to yield a final catalyst having from about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 22

The process of claim 18 wherein the precipitation is carried out at a pH in the range between about 5.5 and about 8.0.

Claim 23

The process of claim 18 wherein the precipitation is carried out at a temperature between about 50° C. and about 85° C.

Claim 24

The process of claim 18 wherein the amount of phosphorus-containing compound in step (a) is from about 0.06 to about 0.30 moles of phosphorus per mole of aluminum.

Claim 25

The process of claim 21 wherein said phosphorus-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, a phosphate salt and mixtures thereof.

Claim 26

The process of claim 18 wherein the aging pH is in the range between about 9.0 and about 11.0.

Claim 27

The process of claim 18 wherein step (d) is carried out at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 8.0.

Claim 28

The process of claim 18 wherein said solution in step (d) contains solubilized salts of cobalt and molybdenum.

Claim 29

The process of claim 25 wherein said solution in step (d) additionally contains an amount of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum.

Claim 30

The process of claim 25 wherein said catalyst contains from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum.

Claim 31

The process of claim 18 wherein said solution in step (d) additionally contains an amount of from 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of heavy metal.

Claim 32

The process of claim 18 wherein said olefinic hydrocarbons have carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 60 .

Claim 33

The process of claim 18 wherein said disproportionation conditions include a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 350° C. and a pressure of from about 50 psig to about 500 psig.

Claim 34

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 10.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 8.0 to about 12.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with dry, water-soluble salts of cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 10.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. to yield a final catalyst having fom about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying the calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 35

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 10.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 8.0 to about 12.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with dry, water-soluble salts of cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 10.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. to yield a final catalyst having fom about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying the calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 36

The process of claim 31 wherein the precipitation is carried out at a pH in the range between about 5.5 and about 8.0.

Claim 37

The process of claim 31 wherein the precipitation is carried out at a temperature between about 50° C. and about 85° C.

Claim 38

The process of claim 31 wherein the aging pH is in the range between about 9.0 and about 11.0.

Claim 39

The process of claim 31 wherein step (d) is carried out at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 8.0.

Claim 40

The process of claim 31 wherein said salts in step (d) are salts of cobalt and molybdenum.

Claim 41

The process of claim 36 wherein in step (d), an amount of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum is added.

Claim 42

The process of claim 36 wherein said catalyst contains from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum.

Claim 43

The process of claim 31 wherein in step (d), an amount of from 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum or tungsten is added.

Claim 44

The process of claim 31 wherein said olefinic hydrocarbons have carbon numbers ranging from about C 2 to about C 60 .

Claim 45

The process of claim 31 wherein said disproportionation conditions include a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 350° C. and a pressure of from about 50 psig to about 500 psig.

Claim 46

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous of one or more aluminum salt(s) in the presence of a phosphorus-containing compound by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 10.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 8.0 to about 12.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with dry, water-soluble salts of cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 10.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. to yield a final catalyst having from about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 47

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous of one or more aluminum salt(s) in the presence of a phosphorus-containing compound by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 10.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 8.0 to about 12.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with dry, water-soluble salts of cobalt and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 10.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. to yield a final catalyst having from about 1%w to about 5%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 32%w heavy metal, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 48

The process of claim 42 wherein the precipitation is carried out at a pH in the range between about 5.5 and about 8.0.

Claim 49

The process of claim 42 wherein the precipitation is carried out at a temperature between about 50° C. and about 85° C.

Claim 50

The process of claim 42 wherein the amount of phosphorus-containing compound in step (a) is from about 0.06 to about 0.30 moles of phosphorus per mole of aluminum.

Claim 51

The process of claim 45 wherein said phosphorus-containing compound in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, a phosphate salt and mixtures thereof.

Claim 52

The process of claim 42 wherein the aging pH is in the range between about 9.0 and about 11.0.

Claim 53

The process of claim 42 wherein step (d) is carried out at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 8.0.

Claim 54

The process of claim 42 wherein said salts in step (d) are salts of cobalt and molybdenum.

Claim 55

The process of claim 49 wherein step (d), an amount of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum is added.

Claim 56

The process of claim 49 wherein said catalyst contains from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum.

Claim 57

The process of claim 42 wherein in step (d), an amount of from 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of heavy metal is added.

Claim 58

The process of claim 42 wherein said olefinic hydrocarbons have carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 60 .

Claim 59

The process of claim 42 wherein said disproportionation conditions include a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 350° C. and a pressure of from about 50 psig to about 500 psig.

Claim 60

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 8.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 85° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 9.0 to about 11.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with a metals solution containing solubilized salts of cobalt, molybdenum and a phosphorus-containing compound in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 8.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. until adsorption of the metal salts onto the gel is sufficient to yield a final catalyst having from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 61

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 8.0 at a temperature in the range between about 20° C. and about 90° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 85° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 9.0 to about 11.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with a metals solution containing solubilized salts of cobalt, molybdenum and a phosphorus-containing compound in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 8.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. until adsorption of the metal salts onto the gel is sufficient to yield a final catalyst having from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 62

The process of claim 55 wherein said phosphorus-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, a phosphate salt and mixtures thereof.

Claim 63

The process of claim 55 wherein said olefinic hydrocarbons have carbon numbers ranging from aout C 2 to about C 60 .

Claim 64

The process of claim 55 wherein said disproportionation conditions include a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 35° C. and a pressure of from about 50 psig to about 500 psig.

Claim 65

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 8.0 at a temperature in the range between about 50° C. and about 85° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 9.0 to about 11.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with dry, water-soluble salts of cobalt, molybdenum and a phosphorus-containing compound in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 8.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. to yield a final catalyst having from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 66

A process for the disproportionation of olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers ranging from C 2 to about C 100 which comprises contacting said olefinic hydrocarbons at disproportionation conditions with a catalyst having a surface area greater than about 300 m 2 /g and at least about 40% of its pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 50 Å prepared by a process which comprises: (a) forming a precipitate of hydrous alumina from an aqueous solution of one or more aluminum salt(s) by adjusting the pH of said solution to a range between about 5.5 and about 8.0 at a temperature in the range between about 50° C. and about 85° C., (b) aging the precipitate at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. for at least about 15 minutes at a pH ranging from about 9.0 to about 11.0, (c) washing the precipitate, (d) mixing the precipitate with dry, water-soluble salts of cobalt, molybdenum and a phosphorus-containing compound in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 moles of phosphorus per mole of molybdenum, at a pH in the range between about 4.0 and about 8.0 and a temperature in the range between about 25° C. and about 100° C. to yield a final catalyst having from about 2.5%w to about 4%w cobalt and from about 8%w to about 18%w molybdenum, (e) extruding the product of step (d), and (f) drying and calcining the product of step (e) at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

Claim 67

The process of claim 59 wherein said phosphorus-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, a phosphate salt and mixtures thereof.

Claim 68

The process of claim 59 wherein said olefinic hydrocarbons have carbon numbers ranging from about C 2 to about C 60 .

Claim 69

The process of claim 59 wherein said disproportionation conditions include a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 350° C. and a pressure of from about 50 psig to about 500 psig.