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US4751048A
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Process for forming metal-second phase composites and product thereof
Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corp
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Filing: 1986-11-05
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Granted: 1988-06-14
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Expires: 2006-11-05
Abstract
Abstract A method is taught for the introduction of in-situ precipitated second phase materials, such as ceramic or intermetallic particles in a metal matrix, to a host metal. When an initial solvent-assisted reaction is utilized, metal-second phase composites having highly superior properties may be obtained. The invention may utilize the reaction of the second phase-forming constituents in a solvent metal medium to provide an intermediate material of finely-dispersed second phase particles in an intermediate metal matrix, in the form of a porous mass or sponge. Any desired loading of second phase in the final composite may be achieved by the admixture of this preformed intermediate material having a relatively high content of particulate material, with a molten host metal. Exemplary materials include titanium diboride in an aluminum matrix and titanium carbide in an aluminum matrix.
Inventors
- 👤 Leontios Christodoulou
- 👤 Dennis C. Nagle
- 👤 John M. Brupbacher
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 12:39
CPC Classifications
B; B22; B22F; B22F3/00; B22F3/23; B22F9/00; B22F9/02; B22F9/14; B23; B23K; B23K35/00; B23K35/22; B23K35/24; B23K35/32; B23K35/327; B23K35/40; B82; B82Y; B82Y30/00; C; C22; C22C; C22C1/00; C22C1/04; C22C1/05; C22C1/051; C22C1/10; C22C1/1005; C22C1/1015; C22C1/1036; C22C1/1047; C22C1/1052; C22C1/1068; C22C29/00; C22C32/00; C22C32/0047; C22C32/0078; C22C47/00; C22C47/02; C22C47/06; C22C47/08; C22C49/00; C22C49/14
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 90
Claim 1
Independent Claim
177 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, the method comprising producing a precipitate of at least one second phase material in an intermediate metal matrix by contacting reactive second phase-forming constituents, in the presence of a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase material, at a first temperature at which sufficient diffusion of the reactive second phase-forming constituents into the solvent metal occurs to cause the second phase-forming reaction of said constituents to thereby precipitate second phase particles in the solvent metal, producing an intermediate material comprising finely divided second phase particles in the intermediate metal matrix, and forming a molten mass, by introducing the intermediate material into a molten host metal in which said second phase particles are substantially insoluble at a second temperature at which said intermediate metal matrix is dissolved in said host metal, said host metal comprising a metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic, achieving a substantially uniform dispersion of second phase in a final metal matrix, and recovering a product.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
177 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, the method comprising producing a precipitate of at least one second phase material in an intermediate metal matrix by contacting reactive second phase-forming constituents, in the presence of a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase material, at a first temperature at which sufficient diffusion of the reactive second phase-forming constituents into the solvent metal occurs to cause the second phase-forming reaction of said constituents to thereby precipitate second phase particles in the solvent metal, producing an intermediate material comprising finely divided second phase particles in the intermediate metal matrix, and forming a molten mass, by introducing the intermediate material into a molten host metal in which said second phase particles are substantially insoluble at a second temperature at which said intermediate metal matrix is dissolved in said host metal, said host metal comprising a metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic, achieving a substantially uniform dispersion of second phase in a final metal matrix, and recovering a product.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the uniform dispersion is achieved by agitating the molten mass.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the uniform dispersion is achieved by maintaining the molten mass in the liquid state to substantially disperse the second phase.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the intermediate material is cooled to a solid before further processing, said solid being wettable by the molten host metal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method as set forth in claim 4 wherein the intermediate material is crushed before further processing.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second phase particles are wetted by and substantially unreactive with the molten host metal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein one of the second phase-forming constituents is contacted in greater than stoichiometric proportion with another of the second phase-forming constituents.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the intermediate material is admixed with solid host metal before being heated to said second temperature.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the intermediate material is added to host metal heated to above the melting point of said host metal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first temperature is about the melting temperature of the solvent metal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said second temperature is above the melting temperature of the host metal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the reactive second phase-forming constituents and the substantially nonreactive solvent metal are provided as individual elements.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the second phase-forming reaction is initiated in the solid state.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the second phase-forming reaction occurs in the liquid state.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein at least one second phase-forming constituent is provided as an alloy of the solvent metal.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as set forth in claim 15, wherein the second phase-forming reaction takes place in the liquid state.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as set forth in claim 15 wherein the second phase-forming reaction takes place in a plasma state.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein at least one second phase-forming constituent is provided as an alloy of the solvent metal, and at least one other second phase-forming constituent is provided as an individual element.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second phase is titanium diboride, titanium carbide, zirconium diboride, zirconium disilicide, or titanium nitride.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second phase particles are substantially less than 5 microns in size.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second phase-forming constituents are contacted in stoichiometric proportions.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second phase is a ceramic.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second phase is an intermetallic.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein additional alloying material is added to the intermediate material prior to mixing of the intermediate material with the host metal.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
131 words
A method for dispersion of second phase particles in a metallic matrix, the method comprising steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive second phase-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal to initiate an exothermic reaction, (c) permitting the exothermic reaction to further heat the mixture, consuming the second phase-forming constituents to form a distribution of second phase particles in an intermediate metal matrix; (d) recovering an intermediate material; (e) introducing the intermediate material into a host metal in which said second phase particles are substantially insoluble, said host metal comprising a metal, metal alloy or intermetallic; and (f) mixing.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
131 words
A method for dispersion of second phase particles in a metallic matrix, the method comprising steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive second phase-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal to initiate an exothermic reaction, (c) permitting the exothermic reaction to further heat the mixture, consuming the second phase-forming constituents to form a distribution of second phase particles in an intermediate metal matrix; (d) recovering an intermediate material; (e) introducing the intermediate material into a host metal in which said second phase particles are substantially insoluble, said host metal comprising a metal, metal alloy or intermetallic; and (f) mixing.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as set forth in claim 25, wherein at least one second phase-forming constituent is a transition metal of the third to sixth groups of the Periodic Table.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method as set forth in claim 25, wherein at least one second phase-forming constituent is aluminum, titanium, silicon, boron, carbon, sulfur, tantalum, thorium, yttrium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, hafnium, magnesium, scandium, lanthanum, chromium, oxygen, nitrogen, lithium, beryllium, iron, manganese, zinc, tin, copper, silver, gold, platinum or a rare earth element.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method as set forth in claim 27, wherein the solvent metal is aluminum, nickel, titanium, copper, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, iron, silicon, molybdenum, beryllium, silver, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, magnesium, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, or an alloy of such metals.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as set forth in claim 25, wherein the second phase-forming constituents and the solvent metal are provided as individual elements.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method as set forth in claim 29, wherein the reaction takes place in the liquid state.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as set forth in claim 30, wherein the solvent metal is aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, titanium, cobalt, or an alloy of such metals.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as set forth in claim 31, wherein at least one second phase-forming constituent is aluminum, silicon, titanium, hafnium, tantalum, zirconium, magnesium, vanadium, nickel, or tungsten.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method as set forth in claim 32, wherein at least one other second phase-forming constituent is aluminum, boron, silicon, nitrogen, or carbon.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method as set forth in claim 25, wherein the second phase-forming constituents are each provided as an alloy of the solvent metal.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as set forth in claim 34, wherein the solvent metal is aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, titanium, cobalt, or an alloy of such metals.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as set forth in claim 35, wherein at least one second phase-forming constituent is aluminum, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, boron, silicon, or carbon.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as set forth in claim 35, wherein the solvent metal is aluminum or an alloy thereof.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method as set forth in claim 37, wherein at least one second phase-forming constituent is titanium, zirconium, magnesium, boron, silicon, or carbon.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as set forth in claim 34, wherein the second phase material is selected from titanium diboride and titanium carbide and the solvent metal is aluminum.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as set forth in claim 25, wherein at least one second phase-forming constituent is provided as an individual element, and at least one second phase-forming constituent is provided as an alloy of the solvent metal.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as set forth in claim 40, wherein the solvent metal is aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, titanium, cobalt, or an alloy of such metals.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as set forth in claim 41, wherein the second phase-forming constituents are selected from aluminum, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, boron, silicon, and carbon.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method as set forth in claim 42, wherein the solvent metal is aluminum and the second phase-forming constituents are titanium and boron.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method as set forth in claim 42 wherein the solvent metal is aluminum and the second phase-forming constituents are titanium and carbon.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the second phase is titanium diboride, titanium carbide, zirconium diboride, zirconium disilicide, or titanium nitride.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the second phase is substantially submicron in size.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the second phase-forming constituents are contacted in stoichiometric proportions.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 25, wherein one of the second phase-forming constituents is added to the mixture in stoichiometric excess.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the second phase is a ceramic.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the second phase is an intermetallic.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method as set forth in claim 25, wherein additional alloying material is added to the intermediate material prior to its addition to the host metal.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method as set forth in claim 25 wherein an additional aaount of one of the second phase forming constituents is added to the host metal.
Claim 55
Independent Claim
133 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, said method comprising precipitating at least one second phase material in a solvent metal by contacting reactive second phase-forming constituents, in the presence of a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase, at a temperature at which sufficient diffusion of the constituents into the solvent metal occurs to cause reaction of the reactive second phase-forming constituents, thereby increasing the temperature to a temperature exceeding the melting temperature of the solvent metal and precipitating the second phase in the solvent metal; recovering an intermediate material; mixing the thus produced intermediate material into a bath of a molten metal in which said second phase is substantially insoluble, metal alloy or intermetallic; and recovering a product.
Claim 56
Independent Claim
133 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, said method comprising precipitating at least one second phase material in a solvent metal by contacting reactive second phase-forming constituents, in the presence of a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase, at a temperature at which sufficient diffusion of the constituents into the solvent metal occurs to cause reaction of the reactive second phase-forming constituents, thereby increasing the temperature to a temperature exceeding the melting temperature of the solvent metal and precipitating the second phase in the solvent metal; recovering an intermediate material; mixing the thus produced intermediate material into a bath of a molten metal in which said second phase is substantially insoluble, metal alloy or intermetallic; and recovering a product.
Claim 57
Independent Claim
121 words
A method for providing a second phase in a metallic matrix, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive second phase-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal to initiate an exothermic reaction; (c) permitting the exothermic reaction to further heat the mixture to form an intermediate material comprising a uniform distribution of second phase particles in an intermediate metal matrix; (d) introducing the intermediate material into a molten host metal and mixing, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic; and (e) recovering a product.
Claim 58
Independent Claim
121 words
A method for providing a second phase in a metallic matrix, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive second phase-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal to initiate an exothermic reaction; (c) permitting the exothermic reaction to further heat the mixture to form an intermediate material comprising a uniform distribution of second phase particles in an intermediate metal matrix; (d) introducing the intermediate material into a molten host metal and mixing, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic; and (e) recovering a product.
Claim 59
Independent Claim
170 words
A method for dispersion of second phase dispersoids in a metallic matrix, the method comprising forming a reaction mixture of reactive second phase-forming constituents in the presence of at least two metals, at least one of which acts as a solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase dispersoids, raising the temperature of the reaction mixture to a temperature at which sufficient diffusion of the second phase-forming constituents into the lowest melting solvent metal occurs to initiate a reaction of the constituents, whereby the exothermic heat of reaction of the constituents causes the temperature of the reaction mixture to exceed the melting point of the highest melting metal, permitting dispersion of the second phase dispersoid in an alloy thereof; recovering an intermediate material comprising second phase dispersoids in an intermediate metal alloy matrix; and dissolving said intermediate metal alloy matrix in a molten host metal in which said dispersoids are substantialy insoluble and mixing said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic.
Claim 60
Independent Claim
170 words
A method for dispersion of second phase dispersoids in a metallic matrix, the method comprising forming a reaction mixture of reactive second phase-forming constituents in the presence of at least two metals, at least one of which acts as a solvent metal in which the second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase dispersoids, raising the temperature of the reaction mixture to a temperature at which sufficient diffusion of the second phase-forming constituents into the lowest melting solvent metal occurs to initiate a reaction of the constituents, whereby the exothermic heat of reaction of the constituents causes the temperature of the reaction mixture to exceed the melting point of the highest melting metal, permitting dispersion of the second phase dispersoid in an alloy thereof; recovering an intermediate material comprising second phase dispersoids in an intermediate metal alloy matrix; and dissolving said intermediate metal alloy matrix in a molten host metal in which said dispersoids are substantialy insoluble and mixing said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic.
Claim 61
Independent Claim
160 words
A method for dispersion of second phase dispersoids in a metal matrix, the method comprising forming a reaction mixture of reactive second phase-forming constituents in the presence of at least two metals, at least one of which acts as a solvent metal in which second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase dispersoids, raising the temperature of the reaction mixture to a temperature at which sufficient diffusion of the second phase-forming constituents into the lowest melting solvent metal occurs to initiate a reaction of the constituents, whereby the exothermic heat of reaction of the constituents causes the temperature of the reaction mixture to exceed the melting point of the lowest melting point solvent metal, permitting dispersion of the second phase dispersoids in a mixed intermediate metal matrix, recovering an intermediate material, dissolving said intermediate metal matrix in a host metal in which said dispersoids are substantialy insoluble, and mixing, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic.
Claim 62
Independent Claim
160 words
A method for dispersion of second phase dispersoids in a metal matrix, the method comprising forming a reaction mixture of reactive second phase-forming constituents in the presence of at least two metals, at least one of which acts as a solvent metal in which second phase-forming constituents are more soluble than the second phase dispersoids, raising the temperature of the reaction mixture to a temperature at which sufficient diffusion of the second phase-forming constituents into the lowest melting solvent metal occurs to initiate a reaction of the constituents, whereby the exothermic heat of reaction of the constituents causes the temperature of the reaction mixture to exceed the melting point of the lowest melting point solvent metal, permitting dispersion of the second phase dispersoids in a mixed intermediate metal matrix, recovering an intermediate material, dissolving said intermediate metal matrix in a host metal in which said dispersoids are substantialy insoluble, and mixing, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic.
Claim 63
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for dispersion of at least one intermetallic material in a metallic matrix, comprising steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive intermetallic-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the intermetallic-forming constituents are aore soluble than the intermetallic material; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal; (c) permitting the resultant exothermic reaction to raise the temperature of the mixture to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the solvent metal and to consume the intermetallic-forming constituents; (d) recovering an intermediate material; (e) mixing said intermediate material with a molten host metal in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic; and (f) recovering a product.
Claim 64
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for dispersion of at least one intermetallic material in a metallic matrix, comprising steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive intermetallic-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the intermetallic-forming constituents are aore soluble than the intermetallic material; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal; (c) permitting the resultant exothermic reaction to raise the temperature of the mixture to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the solvent metal and to consume the intermetallic-forming constituents; (d) recovering an intermediate material; (e) mixing said intermediate material with a molten host metal in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic; and (f) recovering a product.
Claim 65
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for dispersion of at least one ceramic material in a metallic matrix, comprising steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive ceramic-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the ceramic-forming constituents are more soluble than the ceramic material; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal; (c) permitting the resultant exothermic reaction to raise the temperature of the mixture to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the solvent metal and to consume the ceramic-forming constituents; (d) recovering an intermediate material; (e) mixing said intermediate material with a molten host metal in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic; and (f) recovering a product.
Claim 66
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for dispersion of at least one ceramic material in a metallic matrix, comprising steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive ceramic-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which the ceramic-forming constituents are more soluble than the ceramic material; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal; (c) permitting the resultant exothermic reaction to raise the temperature of the mixture to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the solvent metal and to consume the ceramic-forming constituents; (d) recovering an intermediate material; (e) mixing said intermediate material with a molten host metal in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic; and (f) recovering a product.
Claim 67
Independent Claim
143 words
A method for dispersing dispersoid particles of an intermetallic material and a ceramic material in a metal matrix, the method comprising steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive intermetallic-forming and ceramic-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which said intermetallic-forming constituents and ceramic-forming constituents are more soluble than the intermetallic or the ceramic material, respectively; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal; (c) initiating an exothermic reaction to raise the temperature of the mixture to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the solvent metal and to consume the intermetallic-forming constituents and ceramic-forming constituents; (d) recovering an intermediate material; (e) mixing said intermediate material with a molten host metal in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic; and (f) recovering a product.
Claim 68
Independent Claim
143 words
A method for dispersing dispersoid particles of an intermetallic material and a ceramic material in a metal matrix, the method comprising steps of: (a) preparing a mixture of reactive intermetallic-forming and ceramic-forming constituents and a substantially nonreactive solvent metal in which said intermetallic-forming constituents and ceramic-forming constituents are more soluble than the intermetallic or the ceramic material, respectively; (b) heating the mixture to a reaction initiation temperature approximating the melting point of the solvent metal; (c) initiating an exothermic reaction to raise the temperature of the mixture to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the solvent metal and to consume the intermetallic-forming constituents and ceramic-forming constituents; (d) recovering an intermediate material; (e) mixing said intermediate material with a molten host metal in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, said host metal comprising metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic; and (f) recovering a product.
Claim 69
Independent Claim
82 words
A method for dispersing second phase material in a metal, metal alloy or intermetallic, comprising adding a preformed intermediate material containing in-situ precipitated second phase material comprising an oxide, nitride, boride, carbide, silicide, sulfide or oxysulfide of a transition metal of the third to sixth groups of the Periodic Table, in an intermediate metal matrix, to molten host metal, metal alloy or intermetallic in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, mixing, and recovering a product containing the second phase material dispersed therein.
Claim 70
Independent Claim
82 words
A method for dispersing second phase material in a metal, metal alloy or intermetallic, comprising adding a preformed intermediate material containing in-situ precipitated second phase material comprising an oxide, nitride, boride, carbide, silicide, sulfide or oxysulfide of a transition metal of the third to sixth groups of the Periodic Table, in an intermediate metal matrix, to molten host metal, metal alloy or intermetallic in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, mixing, and recovering a product containing the second phase material dispersed therein.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as set forth in claim 60, wherein the second phase material is formed by an exothermic reaction of second phase-forming constituents within a solvent metal.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as set forth in claim 61, wherein the second phase-forming constituents and the solvent metal are compressed to form a compact, followed by local initiation and subsequent propagation of the exothermic reaction through the compact.
Claim 73
Independent Claim
88 words
A method for dispersing second phase material in a metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic, comprising admixing a preformed intermediate material containing in-situ precipitated second phase material, comprising an oxide, nitride, boride, carbide, silicide, sulfide or oxysulfide of a transition metal of the third to sixth groups of the Periodic Table in an intermediate metal matrix, with solid host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, heating to melt the host metal, mixing, and recovering a product containing the second phase material dispersed therein.
Claim 74
Independent Claim
88 words
A method for dispersing second phase material in a metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic, comprising admixing a preformed intermediate material containing in-situ precipitated second phase material, comprising an oxide, nitride, boride, carbide, silicide, sulfide or oxysulfide of a transition metal of the third to sixth groups of the Periodic Table in an intermediate metal matrix, with solid host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, heating to melt the host metal, mixing, and recovering a product containing the second phase material dispersed therein.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as set forth in claim 63 wherein the second phase material is formed by an exothermic reaction of second phase-forming constituents within a solvent metal.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as set forth in claim 64, wherein the second phase-forming constituents and the solvent metal are compressed to form a compact, followed by local initiation and subsequent propagation of the exothermic reaction through the compact:
Claim 77
Independent Claim
71 words
A method for dispersing second phase material in a metal, metal alloy or intermetallic, comprising preforming an intermediate material containing insoluble second phase dispersoids, by exothermically reacting second phase forming constituents in the presence of a substantially nonreactive metal, adding thus formed intermediate material to molten host metal, metal alloy or intermetallic in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, mixing, and recovering a product containing the second phase material dispersed therein.
Claim 78
Independent Claim
71 words
A method for dispersing second phase material in a metal, metal alloy or intermetallic, comprising preforming an intermediate material containing insoluble second phase dispersoids, by exothermically reacting second phase forming constituents in the presence of a substantially nonreactive metal, adding thus formed intermediate material to molten host metal, metal alloy or intermetallic in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, mixing, and recovering a product containing the second phase material dispersed therein.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as set forth in claim 66, wherein the second phase-forming constituents and the solvent metal are compressed to form a compact, followed by local initiation and subsequent propagation of the exothermic reaction through the compact.
Claim 80
Independent Claim
81 words
A method for dispersing second phase material in a metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic, comprising admixing a preformed intermediate material, containing insoluble second phase dispersoids in an intermediate metal matrix, prepared by the exothermic reaction of second phase forming constituents in the presence of a substantially nonreactive metal, with solid host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, heating to melt the host metal, mixing, and recovering a product containing the second phase material dispersed therein.
Claim 81
Independent Claim
81 words
A method for dispersing second phase material in a metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic, comprising admixing a preformed intermediate material, containing insoluble second phase dispersoids in an intermediate metal matrix, prepared by the exothermic reaction of second phase forming constituents in the presence of a substantially nonreactive metal, with solid host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic in which said dispersoids are substantially insoluble, heating to melt the host metal, mixing, and recovering a product containing the second phase material dispersed therein.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as set forth in claim 68, wherein the second phase-forming constituents and the solvent metal are compressed to form a compact, followed by local initiation and subsequent propagation of the exothermic reaction through the compact.
Claim 83
Independent Claim
51 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, the method comprising adding at least one in-situ precipitated second phase material in an intermediate metal matrix to a bath of molten host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic in which said second phase is substantially insoluble, mixing, and recovering a product.
Claim 84
Independent Claim
51 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, the method comprising adding at least one in-situ precipitated second phase material in an intermediate metal matrix to a bath of molten host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic in which said second phase is substantially insoluble, mixing, and recovering a product.
Claim 85
Independent Claim
50 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, the method comprising admixing at least one in-situ precipitated second phase material in an intermediate metal matrix with solid host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic, heating until molten, and mixing, said second phase being substantially insoluble in said host metal.
Claim 86
Independent Claim
50 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, the method comprising admixing at least one in-situ precipitated second phase material in an intermediate metal matrix with solid host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic, heating until molten, and mixing, said second phase being substantially insoluble in said host metal.
Claim 87
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, the method comprising adding an intermediate material, containing second phase particles produced by the exothermic reaction of reactive second phase-forming constituents in the presence of a substantially nonreactive metal, to a bath of a molten host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic in which said second phase is substantially insoluble, mixing, and recovering a product.
Claim 88
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for the production of metal-second phase composite materials, the method comprising adding an intermediate material, containing second phase particles produced by the exothermic reaction of reactive second phase-forming constituents in the presence of a substantially nonreactive metal, to a bath of a molten host metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic in which said second phase is substantially insoluble, mixing, and recovering a product.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the molten host metal is aluminum, nickel, titanium, copper, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, iron, silicon, molybdenum, beryllium, platinum, niobium, tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, magnesium, lead, zinc, tin, tugsten, antimony, bismuth, or an alloy or intermetallic thereof.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as set forth in claim 73, wherein said molten host metal has a pre-existing second phase therein.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-06-14 | 1991-12-14 | 1992-06-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-06-14 | 1995-12-14 | 1996-06-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-06-14 | 1999-12-14 | 2000-06-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |