US3885959A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Composite metal bodies
Assignee: Huntington Alloys Corp
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Filing: 1971-05-10
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Granted: 1975-05-27
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Expires: 1991-05-10
Abstract
Abstract Composite metal bodies are provided in which particles of at least one constituent are embodied in metal in which the constituent is normally insoluble or incompatible when the metal is in the molten state, e.g., graphite in aluminum, the composites being produced by melt processing.
Inventors
- 👤 Frank Arthur Badia
- 👤 Pradeep Kumar Rohatgi
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 01:33
CPC Classifications
C; C22; C22C; C22C32/00; C22C32/0084; C22C1/00; C22C1/02; C22C1/10; C22C1/1036; C22C1/1047; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/12; Y10T428/12014; Y10T428/12028; Y10T428/12063; Y10T428/12097; Y10T428/12486; Y10T428/12493; Y10T428/12535; Y10T428/12576; Y10T428/12625; Y10T428/12771; Y10T428/12778
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
160 words
A NEW AND IMPROVED CAST ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY, SAID ALLOY CONTAINING AT LEAST ABOUT 0.6 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF UNCOMBINED GRAPHITIC CARBON IN THE FORM OF GRAPHITE PARTICLES OF AT LEAST ABOUT 5 BUT NOT GREATER THAN ABOUT 2,00 MICRONS AVERAGE CROSS-SECTION SIZE, ABOUT 5 TO 25% SILICON, UP TO ABOUT 25% TIN, UP TO ABOUT 15% COPPER, UP TO ABOUT 15% MAGNESIUM, UP TO ABOUT 20% ZINC, UP TO ABOUT 10% NICKEL WITH THE PROVISO THAT WHEN THE NICKEL CONTENT IS AT LEAST 4% THE TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF NICKEL PULS SILICON DOES NOT EXCEED 20%, UP TO ABOUT 8% COBALT, UP TO ABOUT 5% MANGANESE, UP TO ABOUT 1.5% IRON, UP TO ABOUT 1% CHAROMIM, AND THE BALANCE ESSENTIALLY ALUMINUM, SAID GRAPHITE PARTICLES HAVING BEEN INTRODUCED INTO A MOLTEN BATH OF THE ALUMINUM-BASE ALLOY IN THE FORM OF METAL COATED PARTICLES, THE METAL COATING BEING EFFECTIVE TO HAVE IMPARTED COMPOSITIONAL STAVILITY TO THE BASE ALLOY IN THE MOLTEN CONDITION.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
160 words
A NEW AND IMPROVED CAST ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY, SAID ALLOY CONTAINING AT LEAST ABOUT 0.6 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF UNCOMBINED GRAPHITIC CARBON IN THE FORM OF GRAPHITE PARTICLES OF AT LEAST ABOUT 5 BUT NOT GREATER THAN ABOUT 2,00 MICRONS AVERAGE CROSS-SECTION SIZE, ABOUT 5 TO 25% SILICON, UP TO ABOUT 25% TIN, UP TO ABOUT 15% COPPER, UP TO ABOUT 15% MAGNESIUM, UP TO ABOUT 20% ZINC, UP TO ABOUT 10% NICKEL WITH THE PROVISO THAT WHEN THE NICKEL CONTENT IS AT LEAST 4% THE TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF NICKEL PULS SILICON DOES NOT EXCEED 20%, UP TO ABOUT 8% COBALT, UP TO ABOUT 5% MANGANESE, UP TO ABOUT 1.5% IRON, UP TO ABOUT 1% CHAROMIM, AND THE BALANCE ESSENTIALLY ALUMINUM, SAID GRAPHITE PARTICLES HAVING BEEN INTRODUCED INTO A MOLTEN BATH OF THE ALUMINUM-BASE ALLOY IN THE FORM OF METAL COATED PARTICLES, THE METAL COATING BEING EFFECTIVE TO HAVE IMPARTED COMPOSITIONAL STAVILITY TO THE BASE ALLOY IN THE MOLTEN CONDITION.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
41 words
An alloy in accordance with claim 1 in which the graphite particles are from about 40 microns to about 400 microns in average cross-section size and the carbon content is present in an amount from about 1.8 to about 5 percent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
85 words
As a new article of manufacture, a cast sliding contact element in accordance with claim 1 in which the alloy contains 8 to 13% silicon, about 4to 7% nickel and about 0.6 to 5% graphitic carbon and wherein the particles are from about 60 to 400 microns in average cross-section size and characterized by sliding contact operability when mated against an aluminum surface under a boundary lubrication characterized by a coefficient of friction of at least 0.7 and a bearing parameter up to about 3.0.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
A new article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1 in which the cast sliding contact element is a piston.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
138 words
A metal body in the solidified condition having dispersed therein at least about 0.6 percent and up to about 5 percent by weight of uncombined graphitic carbon particles of an average size of from about 40 microns to about 400 microns, the particles being disposed throughout a matrix metal in which graphite is substantially insoluble in the molten condition and formed of an alloy predominantly of one metal from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium and zinc, said metal body being characterized by enhanced frictional characteristics over the frictional characteristics of the matrix metal when substantially devoid of graphite, said graphite particles having been introduced into a molten bath of the aluminum-base alloy in the form of metal coated particles, the metal coating being effective to have imparted compositional stability to the base alloy in the molten condition.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
138 words
A metal body in the solidified condition having dispersed therein at least about 0.6 percent and up to about 5 percent by weight of uncombined graphitic carbon particles of an average size of from about 40 microns to about 400 microns, the particles being disposed throughout a matrix metal in which graphite is substantially insoluble in the molten condition and formed of an alloy predominantly of one metal from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium and zinc, said metal body being characterized by enhanced frictional characteristics over the frictional characteristics of the matrix metal when substantially devoid of graphite, said graphite particles having been introduced into a molten bath of the aluminum-base alloy in the form of metal coated particles, the metal coating being effective to have imparted compositional stability to the base alloy in the molten condition.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
An alloy as set forth in claim 5 wherein the predominant metal is zinc.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
130 words
A metal body in accordance with claim 5 and formed of an aluminum-base alloy containing 0.6 to about 5 percent by weight of graphitic carbon in the form of graphite particles of about 40 microns to about 2,000 microns average cross-section size, 0.05% to about 10% nickel, up to about 25% silicon provided that when th nicket content is at least 4% the total percentage of nickel plus silicon does not exceed 20 percent, up to about 25% tin, up to about 15% copper, up to about 15% magnesium, up to about 20% zinc, up to about 5% manganese, up to about 1.5% iron, up to about 1% chromium with the balance essentially aluminum and characterized by improved frictional characteristics including resistance to galling and seizing under mixed lubrication conditions.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
96 words
A composite metal body in the solidified condition and consisting essentially of particles of at least one dispersoid constituent distributed substantially uniformly throughout a metal matrix in which the dispersoid is normally insoluble, the dispersoid particles being present in an amount of at least 0.5 and up to about 20 percent by volume, the dispersoid particles being of an average cross-section size of less than 400 microns and being in intimate association with a coating metal which substantially enveloped the particles to confer compositional stability between the particles and matrix metal when in the molten state.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
96 words
A composite metal body in the solidified condition and consisting essentially of particles of at least one dispersoid constituent distributed substantially uniformly throughout a metal matrix in which the dispersoid is normally insoluble, the dispersoid particles being present in an amount of at least 0.5 and up to about 20 percent by volume, the dispersoid particles being of an average cross-section size of less than 400 microns and being in intimate association with a coating metal which substantially enveloped the particles to confer compositional stability between the particles and matrix metal when in the molten state.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 8 in which at least one of the dispersoid constituents is graphite.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
47 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 9 in which the matrix metal is from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, zinc, zinc alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, the dispersoid particles being of an average cross section size of not greater than about 120 microns.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
A composite metal body in accordance With claim 10 containing nickel in which the matrix metal is aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 8 in which the coating metal is from the group consisting of nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, aluminum and zinc and alloys thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 8 in which the dispersoid constituent is selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbides, nitrides and borides.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 13 in which the dispersoid constituent is selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina and silicon carbide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 14 in which the matrix metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, zinc and zinc alloys.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 15 in which the constituent material is silicon carbide.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composite metal body in accordance with claim 15 in which the constituent material is silica.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 15 in which the constituent material is alumina.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
27 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 14 in which the constituent particle constitutes from about 0.5 to about 15 percent by volume of the composite.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composite metal body in accordance with claim 19 in which the particles are from about 5 to about 400 microns average cross-section size.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
As a new article of manufacture, on abrasion resistant product formed from a composite body in accordance with claim 15.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-05-26 | 1978-11-25 | 1979-05-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-05-26 | 1982-11-25 | 1983-05-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-05-26 | 1986-11-25 | 1987-05-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |