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US4744796A
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Microemulsion fuel system
Assignee: Lyondell Chemical Technology LP
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Filing: 1986-02-04
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Granted: 1988-05-17
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Expires: 2006-02-04
Abstract
Abstract Stable microemulsion fuel compositions are provided which comprise (a) a hydrocarbon fuel such as diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, or fuel oil; (b) water and/or methanol; and (c) a novel cosurfactant combination of tertiary butyl alcohol and an ionic or nonionic surfactant. The compositions of the invention exhibit a high degree of phase stability even over wide variations of temperature, greatly improved salt tolerance and reduce smoke particulate and NO x emissions.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward A. Hazbun
- 👤 Steven G. Schon
- 👤 Roger A. Grey
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 08:25
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/32; C10L1/328; F; F02; F02B; F02B3/00; F02B3/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
56 words
A microemulsion fuel composition comprising: (a) a jet fuel, fuel oil or diesel hydrocarbon fuel; (b) about 3.0 to about 40% by weight water and/or methanol; and (c) a surface active amount of a combination of surface active agents consisting of: (1) tertiary butyl alcohol; and (2) at least one amphoteric; anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactant.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
56 words
A microemulsion fuel composition comprising: (a) a jet fuel, fuel oil or diesel hydrocarbon fuel; (b) about 3.0 to about 40% by weight water and/or methanol; and (c) a surface active amount of a combination of surface active agents consisting of: (1) tertiary butyl alcohol; and (2) at least one amphoteric; anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactant.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is a diesel hydrocarbon fuel.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the water:TBA ratio is about 1:10 to about 5:1.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the methanol:TBA ratio is about 1:4 to about 10:1.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the surfactant is an amphoteric betaine.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
53 words
A microemulsion fuel comprising: (a) a jet fuel, fuel oil or diesel hydrocarbon fuel; (b) about 3 to about 40% by weight water; (c) about 1 to about 20% by weight tertiary butyl alcohol; and (d) about 2 to about 20% by weight of at least one amphoteric, anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactant.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
53 words
A microemulsion fuel comprising: (a) a jet fuel, fuel oil or diesel hydrocarbon fuel; (b) about 3 to about 40% by weight water; (c) about 1 to about 20% by weight tertiary butyl alcohol; and (d) about 2 to about 20% by weight of at least one amphoteric, anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactant.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 6 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is a diesel hydrocarbon fuel.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 6 wherein the surfactant is a partially neutralized fatty acid or fatty acid mixture.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The composition of claim 8 wherein the degree to which the fatty acid or fatty acid mixture is neutralized is about 30 to about 65 mole %.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
53 words
A microemulsion fuel comprising: (a) a jet fuel, fuel oil or diesel hydrocarbon fuel; (b) about 5 to about 30% by weight methanol; (c) about 5 to about 30% by weight tertiary butyl alcohol; and (d) about 3 to about 20% by weight of at least one amphoteric, anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactant.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
53 words
A microemulsion fuel comprising: (a) a jet fuel, fuel oil or diesel hydrocarbon fuel; (b) about 5 to about 30% by weight methanol; (c) about 5 to about 30% by weight tertiary butyl alcohol; and (d) about 3 to about 20% by weight of at least one amphoteric, anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactant.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 10 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is a diesel hydrocarbon fuel.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 10 wherein the surfactant is a substantially non-neutralized fatty acid or fatty acid mixture.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-05-17 | 1991-11-16 | 1992-05-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-05-17 | 1995-11-16 | 1996-05-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-05-17 | 1999-11-16 | 2000-05-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |