US4002435A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Clear and stable liquid fuel compositions for internal combustion engines
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1975-06-30
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Granted: 1977-01-11
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Expires: 1995-06-30
Abstract
Abstract For use in internal combustion engines, a liquid fuel composition comprising a water-in-oil emulsion of hydrocarbons, water, a water-soluble alcohol, and a novel combination of surface-active agents to provide a clear fuel which is stable against phase separation over a wide range of temperatures.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward C. Wenzel
- 👤 Henry W. Steinmann
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 20:11
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/32; C10L1/328; F; F02; F02B; F02B3/00; F02B3/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 7
Claim 1
Independent Claim
105 words
A clear, liquid composition stable below the freezing point of water and suitable for use as a fuel in an internal combustion engine, which comprises: a. a hydrocarbon fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; b. about 0.1% to about 10% water; c. about 0.1% to about 20% of an alcohol which is completely soluble in water; and d. a surface active amount of a combination of surface-active agents consisting of: i. a mixture of ammonium and sodium oleate; ii. an organic acid selected from the group consisting of oleic, linoleic, stearic acids, and mixtures thereof; and iii. an ethylene oxide condensation product.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
105 words
A clear, liquid composition stable below the freezing point of water and suitable for use as a fuel in an internal combustion engine, which comprises: a. a hydrocarbon fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; b. about 0.1% to about 10% water; c. about 0.1% to about 20% of an alcohol which is completely soluble in water; and d. a surface active amount of a combination of surface-active agents consisting of: i. a mixture of ammonium and sodium oleate; ii. an organic acid selected from the group consisting of oleic, linoleic, stearic acids, and mixtures thereof; and iii. an ethylene oxide condensation product.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
68 words
A composition according to claim 1 which comprises a hydrocarbon fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, 0.5 to 5% water, 1 to 10% of a water-soluble alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or mixtures thereof, and a surface-active amount of a mixture of ammonium and sodium oleate, free oleic acid, and a condensation product of an alkyl phenol and ethylene oxide.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the ammonium to the sodium oleate ranges from 95:5 to 50:50.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
32 words
A fuel composition, according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the ethylene oxide condensation product to the mixture of ammonium and sodium oleate salt ranges from 1:1 to 1:3 by weight.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
109 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein the ethylene oxide condensation product is formed with (i) an alkyl phenol of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 is alkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 5 to 20; ii. a fatty acid of the formula: ##STR5## iii. a fatty alcohol of the formula: R.sub.2 --(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.n OH wherein R 2 is stearyl, cetyl, lauryl, oleyl, or linoleyl and n is an integer from 5 to 20; or iv. a polyol having the formula: ##STR6## wherein R 3 is a stearyl, cetyl, lauryl, oleyl or linoleyl and n is an integer from 1 to 4.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-01-11 | 1980-07-12 | 1981-01-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-01-11 | 1984-07-12 | 1985-01-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-01-11 | 1988-07-12 | 1989-01-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |