Patent US4647544A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4647544A
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Immunoassay using optical interference detection
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1984-06-25
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Granted: 1987-03-03
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Expires: 2004-06-25
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus and method for providing an optical detection of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand, including, a pattern formed by a spatial array of microscopic dimensions of antiligand material, ligand material interacting with the antiligand material to produce a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the pattern, a source of optical radiation including energy at at least one wavelength directed to the pattern at a particular incidence angle to produce scattering of the energy from the pattern in accordance with the binding reaction and with a strong scattering intensity at one or more Bragg scattering angles, and at least one optical detector located relative to the pattern and aligned with a Bragg scattering angle to detect the strong scattering intensity at the Bragg scattering angle to produce a signal representative of the binding reaction.
Inventors
- 👤 David F. Nicoli
- 👤 Virgil B. Elings
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 03:31
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/53; G01N33/543; G01N33/554; G01N21/00; G01N21/17; G01N21/47; G01N21/4788; G01N33/54366; G01N33/54373; G01N2021/4704; G01N2021/4711; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/805; Y10S436/807; Y10S436/909
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
131 words
An apparatus for providing an optical detection of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand, including, a predetermined pattern formed by a spatial array having a plurality of elements of microscopic dimensions of antiligand material, ligand material interacting with the spatial array of antiligand material to produce a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the pattern, a source of optical radiation directed toward the pattern to illuminate the plurality of elements of the spatial array to produce an optical interference pattern in accordance with the modulation of the optical properties of the predetermined antiligand pattern due to the binding reaction, and one or more optical detectors to detect the strong scattering intensity at one or more angles to produce a signal representative of the binding reaction.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
131 words
An apparatus for providing an optical detection of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand, including, a predetermined pattern formed by a spatial array having a plurality of elements of microscopic dimensions of antiligand material, ligand material interacting with the spatial array of antiligand material to produce a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the pattern, a source of optical radiation directed toward the pattern to illuminate the plurality of elements of the spatial array to produce an optical interference pattern in accordance with the modulation of the optical properties of the predetermined antiligand pattern due to the binding reaction, and one or more optical detectors to detect the strong scattering intensity at one or more angles to produce a signal representative of the binding reaction.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the predetermined pattern is formed by a plurality of stripes of antiligand material, each stripe having a width of microscopic dimensions and separated from each other by a constant microscopic dimension.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the plurality of stripes of antiligand material is formed by antiligand material supported on a flat continuous surface.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the spacial array is formed by antiligand material supported on a grooved surface forming an interference grating.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus of claim 1 including ligand attached to carrier particles which compete with the unknown ligand for binding sites on the antiligand material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus of claim 1 including antiligand attached to carrier particles to cause a binding reaction with the ligand for increasing the signal representative of the binding reaction.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the optical detector is on the same side of the pattern as the source of optical radiation to detect backscattered, or reflected, radiation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the optical detector is on the opposite side of the pattern as the source of optical radiation to detect forward scattered, or transmitted, radiation.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the ligand is attached to carrier particles which are biological entities, such as cells.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the ligand on the carrier particle is naturally occurring.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pattern is formed by deactivating microscopic sections of an initially unform layer of an antiligand supported on a continuous surface.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus of claim 11 in which the deactivated sections consist of a plurality of stripes each stripe having a width of microscopic dimensions and separated from each other by a constant microscopic dimension.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
152 words
Apparatus for producing an output signal in accordance with a binding reacton between an antibody and an antigen, including, a spatial array of antibody having a plurality of elements of microscopic dimensions to form a predetermined pattern, antigen located in solution adjacent to the spatial array of antibody to interact with the antibody in a binding reaciton in the pattern, an incident source of optical radiation and with the source being substantially coherent and monochromatic and directed to the pattern for illuminating the plurality of elements of the spatial array for producing an optical interference pattern at particular scattering angles in accordance with the modulation of the optical properties of the predetermined antibody pattern due to the binding reaction, and one or more detectors located near the pattern at one or more of the particular scattering angles to intercept the radiation and produce an output signal in accordance with the binding reaction.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
152 words
Apparatus for producing an output signal in accordance with a binding reacton between an antibody and an antigen, including, a spatial array of antibody having a plurality of elements of microscopic dimensions to form a predetermined pattern, antigen located in solution adjacent to the spatial array of antibody to interact with the antibody in a binding reaciton in the pattern, an incident source of optical radiation and with the source being substantially coherent and monochromatic and directed to the pattern for illuminating the plurality of elements of the spatial array for producing an optical interference pattern at particular scattering angles in accordance with the modulation of the optical properties of the predetermined antibody pattern due to the binding reaction, and one or more detectors located near the pattern at one or more of the particular scattering angles to intercept the radiation and produce an output signal in accordance with the binding reaction.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
36 words
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the pattern is formed by a plurality of stripes of antibody material, each stripe having a width of microscopic dimensions and separated from each other by a constant microscopic dimension.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the pattern of antibody material is formed by antibody material supported on a flat continuous surface.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the spacial array of antibody is formed by antibody material supported on a grooved surface forming an interference grating.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus of claim 13 including antigen attached to carrier particles which competes with the unknown antigen for binding sites on the antibody material.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus of claim 13 including antibody attached to carrier particles to cause a binding reaction with the antigen for increasing the signal representative of the binding reaction.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the optical detector is on the same side of the pattern as the source of optical radiation to detect backscattered, or reflected, radiation.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the optical detector is on the opposite side of the pattern as the source of optical radiation to detect forward scattered, or transmitted radiation.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the antigen is attached to carrier particles which are biological entities.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the antigen on the carrier particle is naturally occurring.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the pattern is formed by deactivating microscopic sections of an initially uniform layer of an antibody supported on a continuous surface.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus of claim 23 in which the deactivated sections consist of a plurality of stripes each stripe having a width of microscopic dimensions and separated from each other by a constant microscopic dimension.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
150 words
A method for providing an optical detection of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand, including the following steps, forming a predetermined pattern having a spatial array having a plurality of elements of microscopic dimensions of antiligand material, providing ligand material to interact with the spatial array of antiligand material to produce a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the periodic pattern, directing optical radiation including energy of at least one wavelength to the pattern for illuminating the plurality of elements of the spatial array to produce scattering of the energy from the pattern following the physical principle of constructive optical interference in accordance with the binding reaction and with a strong scattering intensity at one or more particular scattering angles, and detecting the strong scattering intensity at one or more of the particular scattering angles to produce a signal representative of the binding reaction.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
150 words
A method for providing an optical detection of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand, including the following steps, forming a predetermined pattern having a spatial array having a plurality of elements of microscopic dimensions of antiligand material, providing ligand material to interact with the spatial array of antiligand material to produce a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the periodic pattern, directing optical radiation including energy of at least one wavelength to the pattern for illuminating the plurality of elements of the spatial array to produce scattering of the energy from the pattern following the physical principle of constructive optical interference in accordance with the binding reaction and with a strong scattering intensity at one or more particular scattering angles, and detecting the strong scattering intensity at one or more of the particular scattering angles to produce a signal representative of the binding reaction.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the predetermined pattern is formed by a plurality of stripes of antiligand material, each stripe having a width of microscopic dimensions and separated from each other by a constant microscopic dimension.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the plurality of stripes of antiligand material is formed by antiligand material supported on a flat continuous surface.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the the spacial pattern of antiligand material is formed by antiligand material supported on a grooved surface forming an interference grating.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 25 including ligand attached to carrier particles which competes with the unknown ligand for binding sites on the antiligand material.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 25 including antiligand attached to carrier particles to cause a binding reaction with the ligand for increasing the signal representative of the binding reaction.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the optical detection is on the same side of the pattern as the source of optical radiation to detect backscattered, or reflected, radiation.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the optical detection is on the opposite side of the pattern as the source of optical radiation to detect forward scattered, or transmitted, radiation.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the ligand is attached to carrier particles which are biological entities.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 33 wherein the ligand on the carrier particle is naturally occurring.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the pattern is formed by deactivating microscopic sections of an initially uniform layer of an antiligand.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 35 in which the deactivated sections consist of a plurality of stripes each stripe having a width of microscopic dimensions and separated from each other by a constant microscopic dimension.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
121 words
A method for producing an output signal in accordance with a binding reaction between an antibody and an antigen, including the following steps, providing a spatial array of antibody having a plurality of elements of microscopic dimensions to form a predetermined pattern, locating antigen in solution adjacent to the spatial array of antibody to interact with the antibody in a binding reaction in the pattern, directing substantially coherent and monochromatic optical radiation to the pattern for illuminating the plurality of elements of the spatial array for producing scattering from the pattern at particular scattering angles due to optical interference in accordance with the binding reaction, and detecting the scattered radiation to produce an output signal in accordance with the binding reaction.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
121 words
A method for producing an output signal in accordance with a binding reaction between an antibody and an antigen, including the following steps, providing a spatial array of antibody having a plurality of elements of microscopic dimensions to form a predetermined pattern, locating antigen in solution adjacent to the spatial array of antibody to interact with the antibody in a binding reaction in the pattern, directing substantially coherent and monochromatic optical radiation to the pattern for illuminating the plurality of elements of the spatial array for producing scattering from the pattern at particular scattering angles due to optical interference in accordance with the binding reaction, and detecting the scattered radiation to produce an output signal in accordance with the binding reaction.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 37 wherein the regular pattern is formed by a plurality of stripes of antibody material, each stripe having a width of microscopic dimensions and separated from each other by a constant microscopic dimension.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 38 wherein the plurality of stripes of antibody material is formed by antibody material supported on a flat continuous surface.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 37 wherein the spacial pattern of antibody material is formed by antibody material supported on a grooved surface forming an interference grating.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 37 including antigen attached to carrier particles which competes with the unknown antigen for binding sites on the antibody material.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 37 including antibody attached to carrier particles to cause a binding reaction with the antigen for increasing the signal representative of the binding reaction.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 37 wherein the optical detection is on the same side of the pattern as the source of optical radiation to detect backscattered, or reflected, radiation.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 37 wherein the optical detection is on the opposite side of the pattern as the source of optical radiation to detect forward scattered, or transmitted, radiation.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 37 wherein the antigen is attached to carrier particles which are biological entities.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 45 wherein the antigen on the carrier particle is naturally occurring.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 37 wherein the pattern is formed by deactivating microscopic sections of an initially uniform layer of an antiligand.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 47 in which the deactivated sections consist of a plurality of stripes each stripe having a width of microscopic dimensions and separated from each other by a constant microscopic dimension.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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