US4537861A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Apparatus and method for homogeneous immunoassay
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1983-02-03
•
Granted: 1985-08-27
•
Expires: 2003-02-03
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus and method for an immunoassay of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand which are typically an antigen and an antibody, including a spatial pattern formed by a spatial array of separate regions of antiligand material, and ligand material dispersed to interact with the spatial array of separate regions of antiligand material for producing a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the spatial patterns and with the bound complexes labeled with a particular physical characteristic. A source of input energy and with the input energy at a particular spectrum for interacting with particular physical characteristic of the labeled binding reaction. Scanning the spatial pattern with the input energy at the particular spectrum for producing output energy having amplitude levels formed by a substantially random background component and a non-random component representing the labeled bound complexes, and the non-random component representing the labeled bound complexes detected to produce an output signal in accordance with the labeled binding reaction.
Inventors
- 👤 Virgil B. Elings
- 👤 David F. Nicoli
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 00:31
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N21/00; G01N21/17; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/53; G01N33/536; G01N33/542; G01N15/00; G01N15/02; G01N15/0205; G01N15/0211; G01N2015/0222; G01N21/75; G01N2021/752; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/805; Y10S436/807
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 70
Claim 1
Independent Claim
178 words
Apparatus for providing an immunoassay of a binding reaction between an ligand and an antiligand, including a spatial pattern formed by a predetermined known spatially periodic array of stripes of antiligand material and with the stripes having a predetermined width and spacing, ligand material dispersed to interact with the spatially periodic array of stripes of antiligand material for producing a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the spatial pattern of stripes, means for labeling the binding reaction with a particular physical characteristic, a source of input energy and with the input energy at a particular spectrum for interacting with the particular physical characteristic of the labeled binding reaction, means for scanning the spatial pattern with the input energy at the particular spectrum for producing output energy having amplitude levels formed by a substantially random background component and a periodic component representing the labeled binding reaction, and means responsive to the output energy for detecting the periodic component representing the labeled binding reaction and for producing an output signal in accordance with the labeled binding reaction.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
178 words
Apparatus for providing an immunoassay of a binding reaction between an ligand and an antiligand, including a spatial pattern formed by a predetermined known spatially periodic array of stripes of antiligand material and with the stripes having a predetermined width and spacing, ligand material dispersed to interact with the spatially periodic array of stripes of antiligand material for producing a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the spatial pattern of stripes, means for labeling the binding reaction with a particular physical characteristic, a source of input energy and with the input energy at a particular spectrum for interacting with the particular physical characteristic of the labeled binding reaction, means for scanning the spatial pattern with the input energy at the particular spectrum for producing output energy having amplitude levels formed by a substantially random background component and a periodic component representing the labeled binding reaction, and means responsive to the output energy for detecting the periodic component representing the labeled binding reaction and for producing an output signal in accordance with the labeled binding reaction.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 additionally including a cylindrical member and with the spatial pattern formed as a plurality of vertical stripes arranged circumferentially around the cylindrical member.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 2 wherein the plurality of vertical stripes are on the inside surface of the cylindrical member and the ligand material is dispersed in a liquid contained within the cylindrical member.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 2 wherein the means for scanning includes means for rotating the cylindrical member while the input energy is directed toward the spatial pattern.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 additionally including a disc member and with the spatial pattern formed as a plurality of radial stripes arranged around a center point of the disc.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
39 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 5 wherein the radial stripes are on a top surface of the disc and the ligand material is dispersed in a layer of liquid on the top surface of the disc.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 5 wherein the means for scanning includes rotating the disc member while the input energy is directed toward the spatial pattern.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 additionally including a substantially flat member and with the spatial pattern formed as a plurality of horizontal stripes arranged across the flat member.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 8 wherein the horizontal stripes are on a top surface of the flat member and the ligand material is dispersed in a layer of liquid on the top surface of the flat member.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 8 wherein the means for scanning includes scanning the input energy back and forth across the flat member in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal stripes.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
45 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 wherein the labeled binding reaction between the ligand and antiligand is performed as a competitive assay including a known labeled ligand and an unknown unlabeled ligand both interacting with the antiligand to produce the binding reaction.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 11 wherein the ligand to be labeled is attached to labeled carrier particles.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
79 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 wherein the labeled binding reaction between the ligand and antiligand is performed as a sandwich assay including a known labeled antiligand and a known unlabeled antiligand and with an initial binding reaction between the ligand and the known unlabeled antiligand of a quantity sufficient to bind substantially all of the ligand and with a subsequent binding reaction between the known labeled antiligand and the product of the initial binding reaction.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 13 wherein the antiligand to be labeled is attached to labeled carrier particles.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 wherein the labeling of the binding reaction is a fluorescent label.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 wherein the means for scanning includes moving the spatial pattern while the input energy is directed toward the moving spatial pattern.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 wherein the means for scanning includes maintaining the spatial pattern stationary while scanning the input energy across the stationary spatial pattern.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 wherein the means for detecting includes an electronic filter having a frequency range for passing the periodic component while discriminating against the random background component.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 wherein the detecting includes a phase-lock detector for amplifying the periodic component while discriminating against the background component.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 wherein the means for detecting includes an autocorrelator for extracting the periodic component from the random background component.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
36 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 1 where the antiligand is attached to carrier particles and the periodic pattern is formed by a spatially periodic force field to which the carrier particles are responsive.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 21 wherein the carrier particle is magnetic and the force field is a magnetic field.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 21 wherein the carrier particle is electrically charged and the force field is an electric field.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 21 wherein the carrier particle is electrically polarizable and the force field is an electric field.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
166 words
Apparatus for providing an immunoassay of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand, including a spatial pattern formed by a predetermined known spatial array of separate areas of antiligand material, ligand material dispersed to interact with the spatial array of separate areas of antiligand material for producing a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the spatial pattern, means for labeling the binding reaction with a particular physical characteristic, a source of input energy and with the input energy at a particular spectrum for interacting with the particular physical characteristic of the labeled binding reaction, means for scanning the spatial pattern with the input energy at the particular spectrum for producing output energy having amplitude levels formed by a substantially random background component and a non-random component representing the labeled binding reaction, and means responsive to the output energy for detecting the non-random component representing the labeled binding reaction and for producing an output signal in accordance with the labeled binding reaction.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
166 words
Apparatus for providing an immunoassay of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand, including a spatial pattern formed by a predetermined known spatial array of separate areas of antiligand material, ligand material dispersed to interact with the spatial array of separate areas of antiligand material for producing a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the spatial pattern, means for labeling the binding reaction with a particular physical characteristic, a source of input energy and with the input energy at a particular spectrum for interacting with the particular physical characteristic of the labeled binding reaction, means for scanning the spatial pattern with the input energy at the particular spectrum for producing output energy having amplitude levels formed by a substantially random background component and a non-random component representing the labeled binding reaction, and means responsive to the output energy for detecting the non-random component representing the labeled binding reaction and for producing an output signal in accordance with the labeled binding reaction.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 additionally including a cylindrical member and with the spatial pattern formed as a plurality of vertical areas arranged circumferentially around the cylindrical member.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 26 wherein the plurality of vertical areas are on the inside surface of the cylindrical member and the antigen material is dispersed in a liquid contained within the cylindrical member.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 26 wherein the means for scanning includes means for rotating the cylindrical member while the input energy is directed toward the spatial pattern.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 additionally including a disc member and with the spatial pattern formed as a plurality of radial areas arranged around a center point of the disc.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
39 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 29 wherein the radial areas are on a top surface of the disc and the antigen material is dispersed in a layer of liquid on the top surface of the disc.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 29 wherein the means for scanning includes rotating the disc member while the input energy is directed toward the spatial pattern.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 additionally including a substantially flat member and with the spatial pattern formed as a plurality of horizontal areas arranged across the flat member.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 32 wherein the horizontal areas are on a top surface of the flat member and the ligand material is dispersed in a layer of liquid on the top surface of the flat member.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 32 wherein the means for scanning includes scanning the input energy back and forth across the flat member in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal stripes.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
45 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 wherein the labeled binding reaction between the ligand and antiligand is performed as a competitive assay including a known labeled ligand and an unknown unlabeled ligand both interacting with the antiligand to produce the binding reaction.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 35 wherein the ligand to be labeled is attached to labeled carrier particles.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
78 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 wherein the labeled binding reaction between the ligand and antiligand is performed as a sandwich assay including a known labeled antiligand and a known unlabeled antiligand and with an initial binding reaction between the ligand and the known unlabeled antiligand of a quantity sufficient to bind all of the ligand and with a subsequent binding reaction between the known labeled antiligand and the product of the initial binding reaction.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 37 wherein the antiligand to be labeled is attached to labeled carrier particles.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 wherein the labeling of the binding reaction is a fluorescent label.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 wherein the means for scanning includes moving the spatial pattern while the input energy is directed toward the moving spatial pattern.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 wherein the means for scanning includes maintaining the spatial pattern stationary while scanning the input energy across the stationary spatial pattern.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
33 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 wherein the means for detecting includes a filter having a frequency range for passing the non-random component while discriminating against the random background component.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 wherein the means for detecting includes a phase lock detector for amplifying the non-random component while discriminating against the random background component.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 wherein the means for detecting includes an autocorrelator for extracting the non-random component from the random background component.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
35 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 25 where the antiligand is attached to carrier particles and the spatial pattern is formed by a spatial force field to which the carrier particles are responsive.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 45 wherein the carrier particle is magnetic and the force field is a magnetic field.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 45 wherein the carrier particle is electrically charged and the force field is an electric field.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus for providing an immunoassay of claim 45 wherein the carrier is electrically polarizable and the force field is an electric field.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
155 words
A method for providing an immunoassay of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand including the following steps, providing a spatial pattern formed by a predetermined known spatial array of separate areas of antiligand material, providing a ligand material dispersed to interact with the spatial array of separate areas of antiligand material for producing a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the spatial pattern, labeling the binding reaction with a particular physical characteristic, providing input energy at a particular spectrum for interacting with the paticular physical characteristic of the labeled binding reaction, scanning the spatial pattern with the input energy at the particular spectrum for producing output energy having amplitude levels formed by a substantially random background component and a non-random component representing the labeled binding reaction, and detecting the non-random component representing the labeled binding reaction and for producing an output signal in accordance with the labeled binding reaction.
Claim 52
Independent Claim
155 words
A method for providing an immunoassay of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand including the following steps, providing a spatial pattern formed by a predetermined known spatial array of separate areas of antiligand material, providing a ligand material dispersed to interact with the spatial array of separate areas of antiligand material for producing a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the spatial pattern, labeling the binding reaction with a particular physical characteristic, providing input energy at a particular spectrum for interacting with the paticular physical characteristic of the labeled binding reaction, scanning the spatial pattern with the input energy at the particular spectrum for producing output energy having amplitude levels formed by a substantially random background component and a non-random component representing the labeled binding reaction, and detecting the non-random component representing the labeled binding reaction and for producing an output signal in accordance with the labeled binding reaction.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the spatial pattern is formed as a plurality of vertical areas arranged circumferentially around a cylindrical member.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 50 wherein the plurality of vertical areas are on the inside surface of the cylindrical member and the antigen material is dispersed in a liquid contained within the cylindrical member.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 50 wherein the scanning includes rotating the cylindrical member while the input energy is directed toward the spatial pattern.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the spatial pattern is formed as a plurality of radial areas arranged around a center point of the disc.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 53 wherein the radial areas are on a top surface of the disc and the antigen material is dispersed in a layer of liquid on the top surface of the disc.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 53 wherein the scanning includes rotating the disc member while the input energy is directed toward the spatial pattern.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the spatial pattern is formed as a pluraity of horizontal areas arranged across the flat member.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 56 wherein the horizontal areas are on a top surface of the flat member and the ligand material is dispersed in a layer of liquid on the top surface of the flat member.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 56 wherein the scanning includes scanning the input energy back and forth across the flat member in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal stripes.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
40 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the labeled binding reaction between the ligand and antiligand is performed as a competitive assay including a known labeled ligand and an unknown unlabeled ligand both interacting with the antiligand to the binding reaction.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 59 wherein the ligand to be labeled is attached to labeled carrier particles.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
74 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the labeled binding reaction between the ligand and antiligand is performed as a sandwich assay including a known labeled antiligand and a known unlabeled antiligand and with an initial binding reaction between the ligand and the known unlabeled antiligand of a quantity sufficient to bind all of the ligand and with a subsequent binding reaction betwen the known labeled antiligand and the product of the initial binding reaction.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 61 wherein the antiligand to be labeled is attached to labeled carrier particles.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the labeling of the binding reaction is a fluorescent label.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the scanning includes moving the spatial pattern while the input energy is directed toward the moving spatial pattern.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the scanning includes maintaining the spatial pattern stationary while scanning the input energy across the stationary spatial pattern.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the detecting includes filtering with a frequency range for passing the non-random component while discriminationg against the random background component.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 49 wherein the detecting includes phase-lock detecting by amplifying the non-random component while discriminating against the random background component.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-08-26 | 1989-02-25 | 1989-08-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-08-26 | 1993-02-25 | 1993-08-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-08-26 | 1997-02-25 | 1997-08-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |