US4640716A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
High bulking pigment and method of making same
Assignee: BASF Catalysts LLC
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Filing: 1985-06-26
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Granted: 1987-02-03
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Expires: 2005-06-26
Abstract
Abstract A pigment comprising particles of uncalcined kaolin clay combined in the absence of a binder with an amount of an added source of zirconium ion, such as ammonium zirconium carbonate, at least sufficient to enhance optical character of a dried composition containing the pigment. In application, the pigment may be utilized in a coating for paper or other fibrous web substrate to produce sheet materials of enhanced opacity. Alternatively, the pigment may be employed as a filler in a fibrous web substrate to provide improved optical character of the material. Also disclosed is a method preparing a pigment, including preparing a dispersed slurry of clay particles in an aqueous medium, wherein the improvement comprises utilizing an uncalcined kaolin clay and introducing into the slurry in the absence of a binder the source of zirconium ion in an amount at least sufficient to enhance the optical character afforded by the pigment.
Inventors
- 👤 Andrew J. Cleland
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 08:43
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21H; D21H17/00; D21H17/63; D21H17/67; D21H17/69; C; C09; C09C; C09C1/00; C09C1/40; C09C1/42; D21H19/00; D21H19/36; D21H19/38; D21H19/40; C01; C01P; C01P2002/00; C01P2002/80; C01P2002/84; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/51; C01P2004/60; C01P2004/62; C01P2004/80; C01P2004/82; C01P2004/84; C01P2006/00; C01P2006/12; C01P2006/16; C01P2006/60; C01P2006/80; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31855; Y10T428/3188; Y10T428/31895; Y10T428/31971; Y10T428/31993
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 37
Claim 1
Independent Claim
57 words
A pigment comprising a zirconium-treated uncalcined kaolin clay made by combining the clay with an added source of zirconium ion under conditions including the absence of deleterious amounts of a binder and the presence of at least a sufficient amount of the zirconium ion source to enhance the optical character of a substrate containing the dry pigment.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
57 words
A pigment comprising a zirconium-treated uncalcined kaolin clay made by combining the clay with an added source of zirconium ion under conditions including the absence of deleterious amounts of a binder and the presence of at least a sufficient amount of the zirconium ion source to enhance the optical character of a substrate containing the dry pigment.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
12 words
The pigment of claim 1 made in the absence of a binder.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
12 words
The pigment of claim 1 comprising a dry coating on the substrate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The pigment of claim 1 dispersed as a dry filler in the matrix of a fibrous web comprising the substrate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
The pigment of claim 1 wherein the added source of zirconium ion is a water-soluble zirconium salt and the pigment is made by combining the clay and the zirconium salt in an aqueous medium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
The pigment of claim 1 wherein the added source of zirconium ion is selected from the group consisting of one or more of ammonium zirconium carbonate, ammonium zirconium sulfate and zirconium chloride.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The pigment of claim 1 wherein the added source of zirconium ion is ammonium zirconium carbonate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
38 words
The pigment of claim 1 wherein the added source of zirconium ion comprises, as ZrO 2 , from about 0.02% to about 2% by weight of the weight (dry basis) of the kaolin clay particles in the pigment.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
38 words
The pigment of claim 1 wherein the added source of zirconium ion comprises, as ZrO 2 , from about 0.1% to about 1.2% by weight of the weight (dry basis) of the kaolin clay particles in the pigment.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
The pigment of claim 1 wherein the added source of zirconium ion comprises, as ZrO 2 , from about 0.2% to about 0.8% by weight of the weight (dry basis) of the kaolin clay particles in the pigment.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
48 words
The pigment of claim 1 wherein the koalin clay is in the form of particles having a particle size distribution such that not more than about 25% by weight of the total weight of the kaolin clay comprises particles of equivalent diameter of less than about 0.3 micron.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
The pigment of claim 11 wherein not more than about 20% by weight of the total weight of the kaolin clay comprises particles of equivalent diameter of less than about 0.3 micron.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
The pigment of claim 12 wherein at least 50% by weight of the total weight of the kaolin clay comprises particles of equivalent diameter of less than about 2 microns.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
The pigment of claim 13 wherein at least 75% by weight of the total weight of the kaolin clay comprises particles of equivalent diameter of less than about 2 microns.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
The pigment of claim 11 wherein the particles of uncalcined clay have an average particle size of between about 0.5 and 1 micron.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
72 words
A pigment composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of (i) a pigment comprising particles of zirconium-treated uncalcined kaolin clay obtained by combining the kaolin clay with an added source of zirconium ion under conditions including the absence of deleterious amounts of a binder and the presence of at least a sufficient amount of the zirconium ion source to enhance the optical character of a substrate containing the dry pigment, and (ii) a binder.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
72 words
A pigment composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of (i) a pigment comprising particles of zirconium-treated uncalcined kaolin clay obtained by combining the kaolin clay with an added source of zirconium ion under conditions including the absence of deleterious amounts of a binder and the presence of at least a sufficient amount of the zirconium ion source to enhance the optical character of a substrate containing the dry pigment, and (ii) a binder.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
13 words
The pigment composition of claim 1 made in the absence of a binder.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
30 words
The pigment composition of claim 16 wherein said binder is selected from the group consisting of one or more of latexes, starches, proteins and mixtures of two or more thereof.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
19 words
A paper substrate coated on at least one side thereof with a coating comprising the pigment of claim 1.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
A material comprising a non-woven matrix of fibers having the pigment of claim 1 dispersed therein.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The material of claim 20 wherein said matrix fibers comprise cellulosic fibers.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
58 words
In a method of preparing a clay pigment, the improvement comprising combining uncalcined kaolin clay particles with a source of zirconium ion under conditions including the absence of deleterious amounts of a binder and the presence of at least a sufficient amount of the zirconium ion source to enhance the optical character of a substrate containing the pigment.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
58 words
In a method of preparing a clay pigment, the improvement comprising combining uncalcined kaolin clay particles with a source of zirconium ion under conditions including the absence of deleterious amounts of a binder and the presence of at least a sufficient amount of the zirconium ion source to enhance the optical character of a substrate containing the pigment.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 22 wherein the source of zirconium ion is a water-soluble zirconium salt and the uncalcined kaolin clay and said source are combined in an aqueous medium.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 23 wherein said source of zirconium ion is selected from the group consisting of ammonium zirconium carbonate, ammonium zirconium sulfate, zirconium chloride and mixtures thereof.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 23 wherein said source of zirconium ion is ammonium zirconium carbonate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 22 wherein said source of zirconium ion comprises, as ZrO 2 , from about 0.02% to about 2% by weight of the weight (dry basis) of the kaolin clay in the pigment.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 22 wherein said source of zirconium ion comprises, as ZrO 2 , from about 0.1% to about 1.2% by weight of the weight (dry basis) of the kaolin clay in the pigment.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 22 wherein said source of zirconium ion comprises, as ZrO 2 , from about 0.2% to about 0.8% by weight of the weight (dry basis) of the kaolin clay in the pigment.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method of claim 22 wherein the kaolin clay is in the form of particles having a particle size distribution such that not more than about 25% by weight of the total weight of the kaolin clay comprises particles of equivalent diamter of less than about 0.3 micron.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 22 wherein at least 50% by weight of the total weight of the kaolin clay comprises particles of equivalent diameter of less than about 2 microns.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 22 wherein at least 75% by weight of the total weight of the kaolin clay comprises particles of equivalent diameter of less than about 2 microns.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 29 wherein the clay particles have an average particle size of between about 0.5 and 1 micron.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
32 words
The pigment of claim 1 including a binder added after combining the clay with the added source of zirconium ion, to enhance the optional character of the substrate containing the dry pigment.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 22 including the further step of adding a binder after the step of combining the clay particles with the source of zirconium ion, to enhance the optical character of the substrate containing the dry pigment.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-02-02 | 1990-08-04 | 1991-02-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-02-02 | 1994-08-04 | 1995-02-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-02-02 | 1998-08-04 | 1999-02-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |