Chemical reformer

Claim 2

The process of producing liquid oils from organic waste materials, which comprises: mixing an oil-based carrier with organic waste material selected from the group consisting of organic garbage, raw sewage, sewage sludge and waste paper, said waste material containing at least about 10 weight percent water, the amount of oil-based carrier present being sufficient to permit the mixture to be a more readily flowable material than the corresponding waste material free of oil carrier, and pyrolyzing said flowable material at elevated temperature and pressure to produce said liquid oils.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 in which said flowable material is passed in a substantially continuous stream through a heating and pressurizing zone to produce liquid oils in the resulting heated substantially continuous stream, and thereafter said heated, substantially continuous stream is passed through heat exchange means to recover heat and to transfer an upstream of it to the substantially continuous stream.

Claim 4

The process of claim 1 in which said readily flowable material is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 700° to 950° F.

Claim 5

The process of claim 3 in which said readily flowable material is pyrolyzed at a pressure of 700 to 2500 psi.

Claim 6

The process of claim 1 in which said readily flowable material contains from 60 to 90 weight percent of said oil carrier prior to pyrolysis.

Claim 7

The process of claim 1 in which each portion of the readily flowable material is exposed to pyrolysis at 750° to 900° F. and a pressure of 800 to 1500 psi. for an average period of time exceeding 5 minutes.

Claim 8

The process of claim 1 in which said organic waste material is sewage sludge.

Claim 9

The process of claim 1 in which said waste material contains about 30 to 60 weight percent of water.

Claim 10

The process of producing liquid oils from sewage sludge which contains from about 30 to 60 percent by weight of water, which comprises: mixing an oil-based carrier with said sewage sludge in a porportion to provide 60 to 90 weight percent of said oil-based carrier prior to pyrolysis to permit the mixture to be a more readily flowable material than sewage sludge free of oil carrier; and passing said readily flowable material in a substantially continuous stream through a heating and pressurizing zone at a temperature of 700° to 950° F. and a pressure of 700 to 2500 psi. for an average period of time exceeding 5 minutes for each portion of the readily flowable material, and thereafter passing said substantially continuous stream through heat exchange means to recover heat and to transfer it to an upstream portion of the substantially continuous stream.

Claim 11

The process of producing liquid oils from sewage sludge which contains from about 30 to 60 percent by weight of water, which comprises: mixing an oil-based carrier with said sewage sludge in a porportion to provide 60 to 90 weight percent of said oil-based carrier prior to pyrolysis to permit the mixture to be a more readily flowable material than sewage sludge free of oil carrier; and passing said readily flowable material in a substantially continuous stream through a heating and pressurizing zone at a temperature of 700° to 950° F. and a pressure of 700 to 2500 psi. for an average period of time exceeding 5 minutes for each portion of the readily flowable material, and thereafter passing said substantially continuous stream through heat exchange means to recover heat and to transfer it to an upstream portion of the substantially continuous stream.

Claim 12

The process of claim 9 in which each portion of the readily flowable material is exposed to pyrolysis at 750° to 900° F. and a pressure of 800 to 1500 psi. for an average period of time exceeding 5 minutes.

Claim 13

The process of producing liquid oils from undried municipal waste material having a water content of about 10 to 60 weight percent, which comprises: adding sufficient oil-based carrier to said municipal waste material to permit the mixture to be a more readily flowable material than the corresponding municipal waste material free of oil carrier; passing in a substantially continuous stream said undried municipal waste material through a heating and pressurizing zone to produce liquid oils in the resulting heated, substantially continuous stream, and thereafter passing said heated, substantially continuous stream through heat exchange means to recover heat and to transfer it to an upstream portion of the substantially continuous stream.

Claim 14

The process of producing liquid oils from undried municipal waste material having a water content of about 10 to 60 weight percent, which comprises: adding sufficient oil-based carrier to said municipal waste material to permit the mixture to be a more readily flowable material than the corresponding municipal waste material free of oil carrier; passing in a substantially continuous stream said undried municipal waste material through a heating and pressurizing zone to produce liquid oils in the resulting heated, substantially continuous stream, and thereafter passing said heated, substantially continuous stream through heat exchange means to recover heat and to transfer it to an upstream portion of the substantially continuous stream.

Claim 15

The process of claim 11 in which said undried municipal waste material is sewage sludge.

Claim 16

A process for the continuous hydrogenation of organic materials in sewage to liquid oils including the steps of: adding sewage containing approximately at least 40% water by weight, both entrained and organic material contained, to a flowing liquid carrier consisting predominantly of oils, elevating the temperature and pressure of the sewage-carrier mixture to approximately 800° to 900° F. and under 2000 psi. for a time sufficient to produce hydrogen from the reaction of the sewage water with the sewage-carrier mixture without the addition of external hydrogen, and to convert a substantial portion of the organic materials to yield oil, withdrawing at least a portion of the yield oil from the reformed mixture, and recirculating the remaining portion of the reformed mixture as carrier liquid and adding additional sewage thereto for continuous hydrogenation.

Claim 17

A process for the continuous hydrogenation of organic materials in sewage to liquid oils including the steps of: adding sewage containing approximately at least 40% water by weight, both entrained and organic material contained, to a flowing liquid carrier consisting predominantly of oils, elevating the temperature and pressure of the sewage-carrier mixture to approximately 800° to 900° F. and under 2000 psi. for a time sufficient to produce hydrogen from the reaction of the sewage water with the sewage-carrier mixture without the addition of external hydrogen, and to convert a substantial portion of the organic materials to yield oil, withdrawing at least a portion of the yield oil from the reformed mixture, and recirculating the remaining portion of the reformed mixture as carrier liquid and adding additional sewage thereto for continuous hydrogenation.

Claim 18

A process for the continuous hydrogenation of organic materials in sewage to liquid oils as defined in claim 13, wherein the step of elevating the temperature and pressure of the sewage carrier mixture is controlled to produce superheated steam to improve the production of hydrogen from the reaction of steam with the sewage-carrier mixture.

Claim 19

A process for the continuous hydrogenation of organic materials in sewage to liquid oils as defined in claim 13, wherein the sewage-carrier mixture is propelled by a reciprocating piston device through a reactor where heat is added to the mixture.

Claim 20

A process for the continuous hydrogenation of organic materials in sewage to liquid oils as defined in claim 15, wherein the reactor is a counterflow heat exchanger that directs the mixture after reaching maximum temperature in out-of-contact heat exchange relation with inflow mixture to the reactor.

Claim 21

The process of producing liquid oils from organic waste materials selected from the group consisting of organic garbage, raw sewage, sewage sludge, and waste paper, which comprises: mixing an oil-based carrier with organic waste material, said waste material containing at least about 10 weight percent water, the amount of oil-based carrier present being sufficient to permit the mixture to be a more readily flowable material than the corresponding waste material free of oil carrier, pyrolysing said flowable material at a temperature of 700° to 950° F. and a pressure of 700 to 2,500 p.s.i. to produce said liquid oils, and thereafter passing said heated, substantially continuous stream through heat exchange means to recover heat and to transfer it to an upstream portion of said substantially continuous stream.

Claim 22

The process of producing liquid oils from organic waste materials selected from the group consisting of organic garbage, raw sewage, sewage sludge, and waste paper, which comprises: mixing an oil-based carrier with organic waste material, said waste material containing at least about 10 weight percent water, the amount of oil-based carrier present being sufficient to permit the mixture to be a more readily flowable material than the corresponding waste material free of oil carrier, pyrolysing said flowable material at a temperature of 700° to 950° F. and a pressure of 700 to 2,500 p.s.i. to produce said liquid oils, and thereafter passing said heated, substantially continuous stream through heat exchange means to recover heat and to transfer it to an upstream portion of said substantially continuous stream.

Claim 23

The process of claim 17 in which said waste material contains from about 30 to 60 weight percent of water not counting the oil carrier present.

Claim 24

The process of claim 18 in which said readily flowable material contains from 60 to 90 weight percent of said oil carrier prior to pyrolysis.

Claim 25

The process of claim 19 in which each portion of the readily flowable material is exposed to pyrolysis at 750° to 900° F. and a pressure of 800 to 1500 p.s.i. for an average period of time exceeding 5 minutes.

Claim 26

The process of claim 20 in which said organic waste material is undried sewage sludge.