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Patent US4606899A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4606899A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Synthesis of maximum aluminum X zeolites
Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Inc
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Filing: 1985-03-27
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Granted: 1986-08-19
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Expires: 2005-03-27
Abstract
Abstract Maximum aluminum X-type zeolite, useful as a water softening detergent builder, is produced by a relatively short term reaction at controlled temperature (on the order of 45°-75° C.) in a caustic meta kaolin reactant mixture.
Inventors
- 👤 Stephen A. Butter
- 👤 Steven M. Kuznicki
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 23:55
CPC Classifications
C; C11; C11D; C11D3/00; C11D3/02; C11D3/12; C11D3/124; C11D3/1246; C11D3/128; C01; C01B; C01B39/00; C01B39/02; C01B39/20; C01B39/22; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S423/00; Y10S423/21
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
81 words
A process for the synthesis of Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite comprising the steps of: (a) forming a mixture of from 2% to 50% calcined kaolin clays, said clays having a silicon to aluminum ratio of from 0.75:1 to 1.15:1, about 5% to 50% sodium and/or potassium hydroxide, and 40% to 90% water (all by weight); (b) agitating said mixture at between about 45° C.-60° C. for about 1 to 24 hours; and (c) recovering Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite as a product.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
81 words
A process for the synthesis of Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite comprising the steps of: (a) forming a mixture of from 2% to 50% calcined kaolin clays, said clays having a silicon to aluminum ratio of from 0.75:1 to 1.15:1, about 5% to 50% sodium and/or potassium hydroxide, and 40% to 90% water (all by weight); (b) agitating said mixture at between about 45° C.-60° C. for about 1 to 24 hours; and (c) recovering Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite as a product.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process, as recited in claim 1, wherein said mixture includes from 5% to 30% sodium hydroxide and from 3% to 15% potassium hydroxide.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process, as recired in claim 1, wherein said clays are calcined at a temperature above 700° C.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as recited in claim 1 wherein the mixture formed in step (a) is immediately seeded with Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
79 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite synthesized by the process comprising the steps of: (a) forming a mixture of from 2% to 50% calcined kaolin clays, said clays having a silicon to aluminum ratio of from 0.75:1 to 1.15:1, about 5% to 50% sodium and/or potassium hydroxide, and 40% to 90% water (all by weight); (b) agitating said mixture at between about 45° C.-60° C. for about 1 to 24 hours; and (c) recovering Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite as a product.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
79 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite synthesized by the process comprising the steps of: (a) forming a mixture of from 2% to 50% calcined kaolin clays, said clays having a silicon to aluminum ratio of from 0.75:1 to 1.15:1, about 5% to 50% sodium and/or potassium hydroxide, and 40% to 90% water (all by weight); (b) agitating said mixture at between about 45° C.-60° C. for about 1 to 24 hours; and (c) recovering Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite as a product.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
29 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeo-lite, synthesized by the process recited in claim 5, wherein said mixture includes from 5% to 30% sodium hydroxide and from 3% to 5% potassium hydroxide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite, synthesized by the process recited in claim 6, wherein said clays are calcined at a temperature above 700° C.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite, synthesized by the process recited in claim 5, wherein the mixture formed in step (a) is immediately seeded with Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
101 words
A process for the synthesis of Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite comprising the steps of: (a) forming a mixture of from 2% to 50% calcined kaolin clays, said clays having a silicon to aluminum ratio of from 0.75:1 to 1.15:1, about 5% to 50% zodium and/or potassium hydroxide, and 40% to 90% water (all by weight); (b) agitating said mixture at a temperature between 50° C.-0 80%C for 0.5 hours to 12 hours; (c) seeding the mixture with Maximnm Aluminum X-type zeolite 1 to 120 minutes after forming said mixture in step (a) and (d) recovering Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite as product.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
101 words
A process for the synthesis of Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite comprising the steps of: (a) forming a mixture of from 2% to 50% calcined kaolin clays, said clays having a silicon to aluminum ratio of from 0.75:1 to 1.15:1, about 5% to 50% zodium and/or potassium hydroxide, and 40% to 90% water (all by weight); (b) agitating said mixture at a temperature between 50° C.-0 80%C for 0.5 hours to 12 hours; (c) seeding the mixture with Maximnm Aluminum X-type zeolite 1 to 120 minutes after forming said mixture in step (a) and (d) recovering Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite as product.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process, as recited in either of claims 4 and 9 wherein said mixture is seeded by addition of from 0.1% to 25% by weight (relative to clay) Maximum Aluminum Xtype zeolite.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process, as recited in either of claims 4 and 9 wherein said mixture is seeded by addition of from 1% to 10% by weight (relative to clay) Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process, as recited either of claims 4 and 9 wherein said mixture is seeded by addition of from 2% to 5% by weight (relative to clay) Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of one of claims 1, 2, 4 and 9 wherein said Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite is recovered as substantially spherical aggregates of 0.1-100 uM diameter.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of one of claims 1, 2, 4 and 9 wherein said Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite is recovered as substantially spherical aggregates of 0.5-50 uM diameter.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
99 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite synthesized by the process comprising the steps of: (a) forming a mixture of from 2% to 50% calcined kaolin clays, said clays having a silicon to aluminum ratio of from 0.75:1 to 1.15:1 about 5% to 50% sodium and/or potassium hydroxide, and 40% to 90% water (all by weight)' (b) agitating said mixture at a temperature between 50° C.-80° C. for 0.5 hours to 12 hours; (c) seeding the mixture with Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite 1 to 120 minutes after forming said mixture in step (a) and (d) recovering Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite as product.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
99 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite synthesized by the process comprising the steps of: (a) forming a mixture of from 2% to 50% calcined kaolin clays, said clays having a silicon to aluminum ratio of from 0.75:1 to 1.15:1 about 5% to 50% sodium and/or potassium hydroxide, and 40% to 90% water (all by weight)' (b) agitating said mixture at a temperature between 50° C.-80° C. for 0.5 hours to 12 hours; (c) seeding the mixture with Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite 1 to 120 minutes after forming said mixture in step (a) and (d) recovering Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite as product.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
37 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite, synthesized by the process recited in either of claims 8 and 15 wherein said mixture is seeded by addition of from 0.1% to 25% by weight (relative to clay) Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
37 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite, synthesized by the process recited in either of claims 8 and 15, wherein said mixture is seeded by addition of from 1% to 10% by weight (relative to clay) Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
36 words
Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite, synthesized by the process recited in either of claims 8 and 15 said mixture is seeded by addition of from 2% to 5% by weight (relative to clay) Maximum Aluminum X-type zeolite.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
64 words
An improved ion-exchange capacity zeolite, said zeolite having: (a) A Silicon to Aluminum ratio of from 1.0 to 1.2; (b) A unit cell constant (a 0 ) of about 25.0 Å; (c) An X-ray powder diffraction pattern characterized by having at least the following five peaks ______________________________________
Order of XRD
Peaks hkl
______________________________________
1 111
2 751
3 642
4 533
5 331
______________________________________
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
64 words
An improved ion-exchange capacity zeolite, said zeolite having: (a) A Silicon to Aluminum ratio of from 1.0 to 1.2; (b) A unit cell constant (a 0 ) of about 25.0 Å; (c) An X-ray powder diffraction pattern characterized by having at least the following five peaks ______________________________________
Order of XRD
Peaks hkl
______________________________________
1 111
2 751
3 642
4 533
5 331
______________________________________
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-08-18 | 1990-02-17 | 1990-08-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-08-18 | 1994-02-17 | 1994-08-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-08-18 | 1998-02-17 | 1998-08-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |