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US4576789A
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Grain-refined gold-free dental alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations
Assignee: Jeneric Industries Inc
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Filing: 1984-12-26
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Granted: 1986-03-18
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Expires: 2004-12-26
Abstract
Abstract Grain refined palladium-based dental alloys contain about 70-85 weight percent palladium, 7-15 weight percent copper, 2-8 weight percent gallium, 2-15 weight percent indium, 0.2-3.0 weight percent rhenium or ruthenium and an effective amount of boron up to about 0.15% which eliminates the formation of bubbles in porcelain during the porcelain firing process. In addition, there can be an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5 weight percent. Alternately, in lieu of zinc, the boron is added in the form of calcium boride.
Inventors
- 👤 Arun Prasad
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 02:48
CPC Classifications
C; C22; C22C; C22C5/00; C22C5/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
73 words
A grain-refined, palladium-based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 7-15% copper, 2-8% gallium, 2-15% indium, 0.2-3.0% ruthenium or rhenium, and an effective amount of boron up to about 0.15% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
73 words
A grain-refined, palladium-based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 7-15% copper, 2-8% gallium, 2-15% indium, 0.2-3.0% ruthenium or rhenium, and an effective amount of boron up to about 0.15% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
36 words
The alloy of claim 1 wherein the ruthenium or rhenium concentration is between about 0.2 and 0.5%, the boron concentration is between about 0.03 and 0.10%, and the zinc concentration is between about 0.15 and 0.25%.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
The alloy of claim 2 wherein the ruthenium or rhenium concentration is about 0.2%, the boron concentration is about 0.05%, and the zinc concentration is about 0.25%.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The alloy of claim 1 wherein all or part of the zinc is replaced by silicon, magnesium or mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
86 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 7-15% copper, 2-8% gallium, 2-15% indium, 0.2-3.0% ruthenium or rhenium, an effective amount of calcium boride up to about 0.10% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
86 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 7-15% copper, 2-8% gallium, 2-15% indium, 0.2-3.0% ruthenium or rhenium, an effective amount of calcium boride up to about 0.10% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
37 words
The alloy of claim 5 wherein the ruthenium or rhenium concentration is between about 0.2 and 0.5%, the calcium boride concentration is between about 0.03 and 0.10%, and the zinc concentration is between about 0.15 and 0.25%.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
The alloy of claim 6 wherein the ruthenium or rhenium concentration is about 0.2%, the calcium boride concentration is about 0.05%, and the zinc concentration is about 0.25%.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The alloy of claim 5 wherein all or part of the zinc is replaced by silicon, magnesium or mixtures thereof.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
31 words
The alloy of claim 7 wherein the palladium concentration is about 78.50%, the copper concentration is about 10%, the gallium concentration is about 7%, and the indium concentration is about 4%.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
68 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 75-80% palladium, 8-10% copper, 5-7% gallium, 3-7% indium, 0.2-0.5% ruthenium or rhenium, and between about 0.03 and 0.10% boron and between about 0.15% and 0.25% zinc for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the procelain firing process, the total of the constitutents being 100.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
68 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 75-80% palladium, 8-10% copper, 5-7% gallium, 3-7% indium, 0.2-0.5% ruthenium or rhenium, and between about 0.03 and 0.10% boron and between about 0.15% and 0.25% zinc for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the procelain firing process, the total of the constitutents being 100.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
The alloy of claim 10 wherein the concentration of ruthenium or rhenium is about 0.2%, the concentration of boron is about 0.05%, and the concentration of zinc is 0.25%.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
79 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 75-80% palladium, 8-10% copper, 5-7% gallium, 3-7% indium, 0.2-0.5% ruthenium, an effective amount of calcium boride between about 0.03 and 0.10% and an effective amount of zinc between about 0.15% and 0.25% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
79 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 75-80% palladium, 8-10% copper, 5-7% gallium, 3-7% indium, 0.2-0.5% ruthenium, an effective amount of calcium boride between about 0.03 and 0.10% and an effective amount of zinc between about 0.15% and 0.25% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
The alloy of claim 12 wherein the concentration of ruthenium or rhenium is about 0.2%, the concentration of calcium boride is about 0.05%, and the concentration of zinc is about 0.25%.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
78 words
An essentially bubble-free, porcelain-fused-to-metal, dental restoration comprising procelain fused to a metallic alloy consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 7-15% copper, 2-8% gallium, 2-15% indium, 0.2-3.0% ruthenium or rhenium, and an effective amount of boron up to about 0.15% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
78 words
An essentially bubble-free, porcelain-fused-to-metal, dental restoration comprising procelain fused to a metallic alloy consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 7-15% copper, 2-8% gallium, 2-15% indium, 0.2-3.0% ruthenium or rhenium, and an effective amount of boron up to about 0.15% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
90 words
An essentially bubble-free, porcelain-fused-to-metal, dental restoration comprising porcelain fused to a metallic alloy consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 7-15% copper, 2-8% gallium, 2-15% indium, 0.2-3.0% ruthenium or rhenium, an effective amount of calcium boride up to about 0.10% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
90 words
An essentially bubble-free, porcelain-fused-to-metal, dental restoration comprising porcelain fused to a metallic alloy consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 7-15% copper, 2-8% gallium, 2-15% indium, 0.2-3.0% ruthenium or rhenium, an effective amount of calcium boride up to about 0.10% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
50 words
The restoration of claim 15 wherein the palladium concentration is about 78.50%, the copper concentration is about 10%, the gallium concentration is about 7%, the indium concentration is about 4%, the ruthenium concentration is about 0.2%, the calcium boride concentration is about 0.05%, and the zinc concentration is about 0.25%.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-03-17 | 1989-09-16 | 1990-03-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-03-17 | 1993-09-16 | 1994-03-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-03-17 | 1997-09-16 | 1998-03-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |