US4451639A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Dental alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations
Assignee: Jeneric Industries Inc
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Filing: 1983-08-31
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Granted: 1984-05-29
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Expires: 2003-08-31
Abstract
Abstract A dental alloy for use in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations including palladium, cobalt, gallium, gold, aluminum, copper, zinc and ruthenium or rhenium. The cobalt controls the coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy to permit the use of the alloy with commercially available porcelains having a variety of thermal coefficients. The zinc serves as a scavenger during formation and casting of the alloy. The aluminum protects the alloy from absorbing gases during torch melting and during the porcelain firing process. The ruthenium or rhenium provides grain refining for the alloy to increase its elongation, tensile strength, and thus toughness. The alloy with ruthenium or rhenium as a grain refining agent must be made in a protective environment to avoid the formation of bubbles in the procelain during the procelain firing process.
Inventors
- 👤 Arun Prasad
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 00:17
CPC Classifications
C; C22; C22C; C22C5/00; C22C5/04; A; A61; A61K; A61K6/00; A61K6/80; A61K6/84; A61K6/844
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
90 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 35-85% palladium, 0-12% copper, 5-15% gallium, 0-50% gold, 0-13% cobalt, 0.1-0.5% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum up to about 5% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during he porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
90 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 35-85% palladium, 0-12% copper, 5-15% gallium, 0-50% gold, 0-13% cobalt, 0.1-0.5% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum up to about 5% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during he porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
41 words
The alloy of claim 1 wherein the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is between about 0.1 and 0.3%, the concentration of aluminum is between about 0.05 and 2.0%, and the concentration of zinc is between about 0.1 and 0.5%.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
35 words
The alloy of claim 2 wherein the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is about 0.2%, the concentration of aluminum is about 0.1%, and the concentration of zinc is between about 0.1 and 0.25%.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The alloy of claim 1 wherein all or part of the zinc is replaced by silicon, magnesium or mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The alloy of claim 1 wherein the components of the alloy are combined in an inert atmosphere.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
11 words
The alloy of claim 5 wherein the inert atmosphere includes argon.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The alloy of claim 1 wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a ceramic crucible.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The alloy of claim 7 wherein the ceramic crucible is a zirconia crucible.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
54 words
The alloy of claim 1 wherein the palladium concentration is about 78.6%, the copper concentration is about 10%, the gallium concentration is about 9.0%, the gold concentration is about 2.0%, the aluminum concentration is about 0.1%, the zinc concentration is about 0.1%, and the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is about 0.2%.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
90 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 5-10% copper, 6-10% gallium, 0-10% gold, 0.1-0.3% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum between about 0.05 and 2.0% and an effective amount of zinc between about 0.1% and 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
90 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 5-10% copper, 6-10% gallium, 0-10% gold, 0.1-0.3% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum between about 0.05 and 2.0% and an effective amount of zinc between about 0.1% and 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
35 words
The alloy of claim 10 wherein the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is about 0.2%, the concentration of aluminum is about 0.1%, and the concentration of zinc is between about 0.1 and 0.25%.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
90 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for procelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 6-10% gallium, 0-10% gold, 4-10% cobalt, 0.1-0.3% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum between about 0.05 and 2.0% and an effective amount of zinc between about 0.1% and 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
90 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for procelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 6-10% gallium, 0-10% gold, 4-10% cobalt, 0.1-0.3% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum between about 0.05 and 2.0% and an effective amount of zinc between about 0.1% and 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
35 words
The alloy of claim 12 wherein the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is about 0.2%, the concentration of aluminum is about 0.1%, and the concentration of zinc is between about 0.1 and 0.25%.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
92 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 5-10% copper, 6-10% gallium, 0-10% gold, 2-6% cobalt, 0.1-0.3% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum between about 0.05 and 2.0% and an effective amount of zinc between about 0.1% and 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
92 words
A grain-refined palladium based dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 70-85% palladium, 5-10% copper, 6-10% gallium, 0-10% gold, 2-6% cobalt, 0.1-0.3% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum between about 0.05 and 2.0% and an effective amount of zinc between about 0.1% and 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
35 words
The alloy of claim 14 wherein the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is about 0.2%, the concentration of aluminum is about 0.1%, and the concentration of zinc is between about 0.1 and 0.25%.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
94 words
An essentially bubble-free porcelain-fused-to-metal dental restoration comprising porcelain fused to a metallic alloy consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 35-85% palladium, 0-12% copper, 5-15% gallium, 0-50% gold, 0-13% cobalt, 0.1-0.5% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum up to about 5% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
94 words
An essentially bubble-free porcelain-fused-to-metal dental restoration comprising porcelain fused to a metallic alloy consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, about 35-85% palladium, 0-12% copper, 5-15% gallium, 0-50% gold, 0-13% cobalt, 0.1-0.5% ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of aluminum up to about 5% and an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5% for the purpose of essentially eliminating the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process, the total of the constituents being 100%, wherein the components of the alloy are combined in a protective environment.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
41 words
The restoration of claim 16 wherein the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is between about 0.1 and 0.3%, the concentration of aluminum is between about 0.05 and 2.0%, and the concentration of zinc is between about 0.1 and 0.5%.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
35 words
The restoration of claim 17 wherein the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is about 0.2%, the concentration of aluminum is about 0.1%, and the concentration of zinc is between about 0.1 and 0.25%.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
The restoration of claim 16 wherein all or part of the zinc is placed by silicon, magnesium or mixtures thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
54 words
The restoration of claim 16 wherein the palladium concentration is about 78.6%, the copper concentration is about 10%, the gallium concentration is about 9.0%, the gold concentration is about 2.0%, the aluminum concentration is about 0.1%, the zinc concentration is about 0.1%, and the concentration of ruthenium, rhenium or mixtures thereof is about 0.2%.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-05-29 | 1987-11-28 | 1988-05-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-05-29 | 1991-11-28 | 1992-05-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-05-29 | 1995-11-28 | 1996-05-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |