Patent US4553758A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4553758A
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US
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Skipping stones and method of use thereof
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1985-05-21
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Granted: 1985-11-19
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Expires: 2005-05-21
Abstract
Abstract Skipping stones having characteristics enhancing their ability to skip a large number of times on the surface of a body of water and enhancing the distance they will travel across the water before sinking. The stones are formed of somewhat porous, cementitious material and have a lower, generally circular water engaging surface which is slightly dimpled in its near-center region and slightly convex in its near-edge region with a sharply convex peripheral edge and a generally cylindrical, slightly upwardly converging side wall, the configuration of the peripheral edge of the water engaging surface and the adjoining sidewall being such as to minimize surface tension induced suction on the stone, caused by the water across which the water engaging surface of the stone is moving. The upper surface of the stone is generally flat so as to readily distinguish it from its lower, water engaging surface. The stone suitably comprises a cast mixture of gypsum cement and fine sand in approximately equal parts by volume. For a stone of a given radius dimension R (with R suitably 7/8", for example), the average thickness is about 0.4 R, the depth of the dimple in the near-center region of the stone water engaging surface is about 0.04 R, the reduction in thickness in the convex near-edge region thereof at the peripheral edge is about 0.1 R, and the angle of convergence of the sidewall is about 5°.
Inventors
- 👤 John S. Zehr
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 21:20
CPC Classifications
A; A63; A63H; A63H33/00; A63H33/18
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim
133 words
A skipping stone having characteristics enhancing its ability to skip a large number of times on the surface of a body of water across which it is thrown and enhancing the distance it will travel across the water before sinking, said skipping stone comprising; a cementitious body having a lower, generally circular water engaging surface which is centrally dimpled in its near-center region and progressively outwardly convex in its near-edge region; such water engaging surface being bounded by a sharply convex peripheral edge and a generally cylindrical side wall, the configuration of the sharply convex peripheral edge of the water engaging surface and the adjoining sidewall being such, as to minimize surface tension induced suction on the stone, caused by the water across which the water engaging surface of the stone is moving.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
133 words
A skipping stone having characteristics enhancing its ability to skip a large number of times on the surface of a body of water across which it is thrown and enhancing the distance it will travel across the water before sinking, said skipping stone comprising; a cementitious body having a lower, generally circular water engaging surface which is centrally dimpled in its near-center region and progressively outwardly convex in its near-edge region; such water engaging surface being bounded by a sharply convex peripheral edge and a generally cylindrical side wall, the configuration of the sharply convex peripheral edge of the water engaging surface and the adjoining sidewall being such, as to minimize surface tension induced suction on the stone, caused by the water across which the water engaging surface of the stone is moving.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
A skipping stone according to claim 1, wherein the stone is fabricated of a mixture of gypsum cement and fine sand in approximately equal parts by volume, with a greater concentration of sand near the lower, water engaging surface thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
A skipping stone according to claim 2, wherein the near-center region of the stone water engaging surface extends from the center thereof outwardly about 45% of the radius of the stone.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
82 words
A skipping stone according to claim 1, wherein the stone is a cementitious mixture, the radius of the stone is a given dimensional unit, the maximum thickness is about 0.4 such unit, the depth of the concavity of the near-center region of the stone water engaging surface is about 0.02 such unit, the reduction in thickness in the convex near-edge region thereof at the peripheral edge is about 0.04 such unit, and the angle of convergence of the sidewall is about 5°.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
A skipping stone according to claim 4, wherein the near-center region of the stone water engaging surface extends from the center thereof outwardly about 45% of the radius of the stone.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
A skipping stone according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the stone is generally flat and joins the side of the stone at a relatively sharp peripheral edge.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
110 words
The method of use of a skipping stone as set forth in claim 1, comprising: soaking the stone in water for a time sufficient for the stone to absorb a substantial amount of water, and throwing the water soaked stone in a flat trajectory and with a spinning action across a body of water so that it will skip repeatedly on the water, the water emerging from the stone by reason of such spinning action providing an enhanced water-to-water contact of the stone with the surface of the body of water, thereby reducing frictional drag during such contact and enhancing the distance the stone travels across the water before sinking.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
193 words
A skipping stone having characteristics enhancing its ability to skip a large number of times on the surface of a body of water across which it is thrown and enhancing the distance it will travel across the water before sinking, said skipping stone comprising: a cast body of cementitious material having sufficient porosity to absorb water, said cast body having a lower, generally circular water engaging surface which is slightly dimpled in its near-center region and slightly convex in its near-edge region; such water engaging surface being bounded by a sharply convex peripheral edge and a generally cylindrical side wall lying in a cone of revolution about the axis of revolution of the water engaging surface which converges upwardly toward such axis of revolution at a small angle, the configuration of the sharply convex peripheral edge of the water engaging surface and the adjoining sidewall being such as to minimize surface tension induced suction on the stone, caused by the water across which the water engaging surface of the stone is moving; the upper surface of the stone being generally flat so as to readily distinguish it from said lower, water engaging surface.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
193 words
A skipping stone having characteristics enhancing its ability to skip a large number of times on the surface of a body of water across which it is thrown and enhancing the distance it will travel across the water before sinking, said skipping stone comprising: a cast body of cementitious material having sufficient porosity to absorb water, said cast body having a lower, generally circular water engaging surface which is slightly dimpled in its near-center region and slightly convex in its near-edge region; such water engaging surface being bounded by a sharply convex peripheral edge and a generally cylindrical side wall lying in a cone of revolution about the axis of revolution of the water engaging surface which converges upwardly toward such axis of revolution at a small angle, the configuration of the sharply convex peripheral edge of the water engaging surface and the adjoining sidewall being such as to minimize surface tension induced suction on the stone, caused by the water across which the water engaging surface of the stone is moving; the upper surface of the stone being generally flat so as to readily distinguish it from said lower, water engaging surface.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
89 words
A skipping stone according to claim 8, wherein the stone is fabricated of a mixture of gypsum cement and fine sand in approximately equal parts by volume, the radius of the stone is a given dimension R, the average thickness is about 0.4R, the depth of the dimple in the near-center region of the stone water engaging surface is about 0.04R, the reduction in thickness in the convex near-edge region thereof at the peripheral edge is about 0.1R, and the angle of convergence of the sidewall is about 5°.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
A skipping stone according to claim 9, wherein R equals about 7/8th inch.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
31 words
A skipping stone according to claim 9, wherein the near-center region of the stone water engaging surface extends from the center thereof outwardly about 45% of the radius of the stone.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-11-18 | 1989-05-20 | 1989-11-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-11-18 | 1993-05-20 | 1993-11-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-11-18 | 1997-05-20 | 1997-11-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |