US4463954A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Aquatic device
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1982-12-10
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Granted: 1984-08-07
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Expires: 2002-12-10
Abstract
Abstract An aquatic surface projectile for recreation and/or exercise use either individually or in team play. The aquatic device is manually propelled by throwing so as to skim along the surface of a body of water in a smooth skimming action and not by skipping or tumbling. The lower surface of the projectile is preferably an inverted frusto-conical shape, with shape variables including the inner radius, the outer radius, and the altitude angle. The lower surface shape produces a positive, nose-up attitude and hydrodynamic lift to reduce drag for enhancing range and velocity of the projectile while providing smooth skimming on the water surface. In addition to the projectile shape considerations, the projectile is also made relatively lightweight to provide enhanced skimming action and to prevent undesired skipping and tumbling of the projectile.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard G. Panse
- 👤 Jane E. Panse
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 21:55
CPC Classifications
A; A63; A63H; A63H33/00; A63H33/18
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
189 words
An aquatic device that is to be manually thrown or otherwise projected for skimming upon and across the surface of a body of water essentially at the air-water interface, said aquatic device comprising; a buoyant body having an upper portion and a lower portion together defining said buoyant body having a peripheral locus on a predetermined radius, R O , said lower portion including a central bottom area of a predetermined radius, R I , said body including a tapered wall surface extending peripherally and outwardly from the perimeter of said central bottom area and tapered upwardly from said central bottom area by a predetermined small angle "alpha" to the peripheral locus of said body, said angle "alpha" being less than about 8.5° measured from said central bottom area, and having a value predetermined with relation to the ratio R I /R O and the weight per plan-area-ratio of the device, where said radius ratio does not exceed 0.8 and said weight per plan-area ratio does not exceed 0.35 oz/in 2 , so as to provide hydrodynamic forces for skimming when said body is projected across said water-body surface.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
189 words
An aquatic device that is to be manually thrown or otherwise projected for skimming upon and across the surface of a body of water essentially at the air-water interface, said aquatic device comprising; a buoyant body having an upper portion and a lower portion together defining said buoyant body having a peripheral locus on a predetermined radius, R O , said lower portion including a central bottom area of a predetermined radius, R I , said body including a tapered wall surface extending peripherally and outwardly from the perimeter of said central bottom area and tapered upwardly from said central bottom area by a predetermined small angle "alpha" to the peripheral locus of said body, said angle "alpha" being less than about 8.5° measured from said central bottom area, and having a value predetermined with relation to the ratio R I /R O and the weight per plan-area-ratio of the device, where said radius ratio does not exceed 0.8 and said weight per plan-area ratio does not exceed 0.35 oz/in 2 , so as to provide hydrodynamic forces for skimming when said body is projected across said water-body surface.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
An aquatic device according to claim 1 in which the angle alpha, the radius ratio R I /R O , and the weight-per-plan-area ratio are interrelated as follows; 1°≦alpha≦6° 0<R I /R O ≦0.8 0.0750 oz/in 2 ≦weight/πR O 2 ≦0.3500 oz/in 2 .
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
44 words
An aquatic device according to claim 1 in which the angle alpha, the radius ratio R I /R O , and the weight-per-plan-area ratio are interrelated as follows; 6°<alpha≦8.5° 0<R I /R O ≦0.5 0.0750 oz/in 2 ≦weight/πR O 2 ≦0.3500 oz/in 2 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
An aquatic device according to claim 1 in which the tapered walls are conical.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
An aquatic device according to claim 1 in which the tapered walls are convex as seen in a radial cross section of the device.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
24 words
An aquatic device according to claim 1 in which the tapered walls are concave as seen in a radial cross section of the device.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
37 words
An aquatic device according to claim 1 in which the tapered walls are successively concave and convex as seen in a radial cross section of the device, with a concave portion adjoining said substantially flat central area.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
An aquatic device according to claim 1 in which the tapered walls are successively convex and concave as seen in a radial cross section of the device, with a convex portion adjoining said substantially flat central area.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
An aquatic device according to claim 1 in which the periphery of said central area and the adjoining periphery of said tapered wall surface are contoured to meet each other gradually.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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Cited
US3183002A
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US3716880A
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US4151997A
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-08-07 | 1988-02-06 | 1988-08-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-08-07 | 1992-02-06 | 1992-08-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-08-07 | 1996-02-06 | 1996-08-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |