Patent US3521965A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US4536190A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4536190A
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US
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Cetane improver composition
Assignee: Ethyl Corp
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Filing: 1984-04-02
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Granted: 1985-08-20
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Expires: 2004-04-02
Abstract
Abstract Compounds that are themselves effective cetane improvers in diesel fuel but are considered too explosion sensitive for safe handling can be rendered relatively nonsensitive by blending with nitric acid esters of bicyclic or tricyclic alcohols containing a four-membered or five-membered ring and the resulting blend is an effective cetane improver. An example is a 50-50 blend of 2-methyl-2-nitropropyl nitrate, a shock-sensitive compound, with 5,6-cyclopenteno-2-norbornyl nitrate to give a relatively insensitive, but very effective cetane improver.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul D. Seemuth
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 02:41
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/10; C10L1/14; C10L1/22; C10L1/23; C10L1/231; F; F02; F02B; F02B3/00; F02B3/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim
102 words
A desensitized cetane improver for use in diesel fuel, said cetane improver comprising a mixture of (a) at least one compound having a 50% explosion Drop Weight Rating of less than 20 Kg centimeters as measured by ASTM Method D-2540 and being capable of giving a greater cetane increase than an equal weight of any C 5 to C 12 alkyl nitrate and (b) a nitric acid ester of a bicyclic or tricyclic alcohol containing a four-membered or five-membered ring in an amount sufficient to increase the ASTM D-2540 rating of the mixture to a value of at least 40 Kg cms.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
102 words
A desensitized cetane improver for use in diesel fuel, said cetane improver comprising a mixture of (a) at least one compound having a 50% explosion Drop Weight Rating of less than 20 Kg centimeters as measured by ASTM Method D-2540 and being capable of giving a greater cetane increase than an equal weight of any C 5 to C 12 alkyl nitrate and (b) a nitric acid ester of a bicyclic or tricyclic alcohol containing a four-membered or five-membered ring in an amount sufficient to increase the ASTM D-2540 rating of the mixture to a value of at least 40 Kg cms.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
A cetane improver of claim 1 wherein component (b) is selected from the group consisting of norbornyl nitrate, isobornyl nitrate, pinene nitrate, 5,6-cyclopenteno-2-norbornyl nitrate, 5,6-cyclopenteno-3-norbornyl nitrate and 5,6-cyclopentano-2-norbornyl nitrate and mixtures thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
12 words
A cetane improver of claim 1 wherein component (b) is 5,6-cyclopenteno-2-norbornyl nitrate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
56 words
A cetane improver of claim 2 wherein said compound having a 50% explosion ASTM D-2540 rating of less than 20 Kg centimeters is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 3 alkyl nitrates, C 2 -C 6 organic polynitrates, C 3 -C 8 ether nitrates, C 3 -C 6 organic nitro-nitrates, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
65 words
A cetane improver of claim 4 wherein said compound is an ether nitrate having the formula: R.sub.1 --OR.sub.2 --.sub.n ONO.sub.2 or O.sub.2 N--OR.sub.3 --.sub.m ONO.sub.2 wherein R 1 is a C 1 -C 4 alkyl and R 2 and R 3 are C 2 -C 4 divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, n is an integer from 1 to 4, and m is an integer from 2-4.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
A cetane improver of claim 5 wherein said compound is a polyethylene glycol dinitrate containing 2-4 ethylene units.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
A cetane improver of claim 4 wherein said compound is a C 3 -C 6 organic nitro-nitrate having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 3-6 carbon atoms and p and q are integers independently selected from 1 and 2.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
A cetane improver of claim 7 wherein said compound is 2-methyl-2-nitro-propyl nitrate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
56 words
A de-sensitized cetane improver consisting essentially of (a) about 25-75 weight percent of an organic nitro-nitrate containing 3-6 carbon atoms having an ASTM Method D-2540 Drop Weight Rating below about 20 Kg centimeters, and (b) about 75-25 weight percent of a nitric acid ester of a bicyclic or tricyclic alcohol containing a four-membered or five-membered ring.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
56 words
A de-sensitized cetane improver consisting essentially of (a) about 25-75 weight percent of an organic nitro-nitrate containing 3-6 carbon atoms having an ASTM Method D-2540 Drop Weight Rating below about 20 Kg centimeters, and (b) about 75-25 weight percent of a nitric acid ester of a bicyclic or tricyclic alcohol containing a four-membered or five-membered ring.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
A de-sensitized cetane improver of claim 9 wherein said organic nitro-nitrate is 2-methyl-2-nitro-propyl nitrate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
A de-sensitized cetane improver of claim 9 wherein said component (b) is 5,6-cyclopenteno-2-norbornyl nitrate.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-08-19 | 1989-02-18 | 1989-08-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-08-19 | 1993-02-18 | 1993-08-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-08-19 | 1997-02-18 | 1997-08-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |