Patent US4533957A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4533957A
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Method of processing picture signal to increase average run length and apparatus therefor
Assignee: NEC Corp
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Filing: 1983-08-26
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Granted: 1985-08-06
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Expires: 2003-08-26
Abstract
Abstract A prediction error signal and a prediction state signal are generated for each of a plurality of picture elements (or bit planes or gray codes) to be encoded. The picture error signal is based on a plurality of previously encoded picture element data (or bit plane or gray code). The prediction state signal indicates the probability of the prediction error signal being accurate in one of two probability states. The prediction error signals are classified into two groups according to the probability state indicated by the corresponding prediction state signal. The prediction error signals are then reordered according to a predetermined algorithm. Thereafter, the reordered prediction error signals are run length coded based on the occurrences of incorrectly predicted error signals in the reordered list.
Inventors
- 👤 Kazumoto Iinuma
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 06:36
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N19/00; H04N19/90; G; G06; G06T; G06T9/00; G06T9/005; H04N1/00; H04N1/41; H04N1/411; H04N1/413; H04N1/417
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
205 words
A method of processing a picture signal comprising the steps of: generating a prediction error signal for each of a plurality of picture elements to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded picture element data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions; assigning one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; classifying the prediction error signals into two groups according to the probability state assigned thereto; storing said two groups in a memory area in a manner that said prediction error signals assigned said first probability state are stored in ascending chronological order and said prediction error signals assigned said second probability state are stored in descending chronological order; reordering the prediction error signals by (a) listing in ascending chronological order the classified prediction error signals until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (b) subsequently listing in ascending order said classified prediction error signals in descending chronological order until a subsequent incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until all of the prediction error signals are listed; and run length coding said prediction error signals based on the incorrectly predicted error signals in the list.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
205 words
A method of processing a picture signal comprising the steps of: generating a prediction error signal for each of a plurality of picture elements to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded picture element data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions; assigning one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; classifying the prediction error signals into two groups according to the probability state assigned thereto; storing said two groups in a memory area in a manner that said prediction error signals assigned said first probability state are stored in ascending chronological order and said prediction error signals assigned said second probability state are stored in descending chronological order; reordering the prediction error signals by (a) listing in ascending chronological order the classified prediction error signals until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (b) subsequently listing in ascending order said classified prediction error signals in descending chronological order until a subsequent incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until all of the prediction error signals are listed; and run length coding said prediction error signals based on the incorrectly predicted error signals in the list.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following step before said run length coding: changing the state of the prediction error signal every detection of the incorrectly predicted error signal.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
190 words
A method of processing a picture signal comprising the steps of: generating a prediction error signal for each of a plurality of picture elements to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded picture element data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions; assigning one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; classifying the prediction error signals into two groups according to the probability state assigned thereto; storing said two groups in two memory areas in a manner that said prediction error signals are arranged in chronological order; reordering the prediction error signals by (a) listing in chronological order the classified prediction error signals from one of said two memory areas until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (b) subsequently listing said classified prediction error signals in chronological order from the other memory area until a subsequent incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until all of the prediction error signals are listed; and run length coding said prediction error signals based on the incorrectly predicted error signals in the list.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
190 words
A method of processing a picture signal comprising the steps of: generating a prediction error signal for each of a plurality of picture elements to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded picture element data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions; assigning one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; classifying the prediction error signals into two groups according to the probability state assigned thereto; storing said two groups in two memory areas in a manner that said prediction error signals are arranged in chronological order; reordering the prediction error signals by (a) listing in chronological order the classified prediction error signals from one of said two memory areas until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (b) subsequently listing said classified prediction error signals in chronological order from the other memory area until a subsequent incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until all of the prediction error signals are listed; and run length coding said prediction error signals based on the incorrectly predicted error signals in the list.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising the following step before said run length coding: changing the state of the prediction error signal every detection of the incorrectly predicted error signal.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
206 words
A method of processing a picture signal comprising the steps of: generating a prediction error signal for each of a plurality of bit planes to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded bit plane data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions; assigning one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; classifying the prediction error signals into two groups according to the probability state assigned thereto; storing said two groups in a memory area in a manner that said prediction error signals assigned said first probability state are stored in ascending chronological order and said prediction error signals assigned said second probability state are stored in descending chronological order; reordering the prediction error signals by (a) listing in ascending chronological order the classified prediction error signals until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (b) subsequently listing in ascending order said classified prediction error signals stored in descending chronological order until a subsequent incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until all of the prediction error signals are listed; and run length coding said prediction error signals based on the incorrectly predicted error signals in the list.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
206 words
A method of processing a picture signal comprising the steps of: generating a prediction error signal for each of a plurality of bit planes to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded bit plane data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions; assigning one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; classifying the prediction error signals into two groups according to the probability state assigned thereto; storing said two groups in a memory area in a manner that said prediction error signals assigned said first probability state are stored in ascending chronological order and said prediction error signals assigned said second probability state are stored in descending chronological order; reordering the prediction error signals by (a) listing in ascending chronological order the classified prediction error signals until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (b) subsequently listing in ascending order said classified prediction error signals stored in descending chronological order until a subsequent incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until all of the prediction error signals are listed; and run length coding said prediction error signals based on the incorrectly predicted error signals in the list.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the following step before said run length coding: changing the state of the prediction error signal every detection of the incorrectly predicted error signal.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
190 words
A method of processing a picture signal comprising the steps of: generating a prediction error signal, for each of a plurality of bit planes to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded bit plane data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions; assigning one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; classifying the prediction error signals into two groups according to the probability state assigned thereto; storing said two groups in two memory areas in a manner that said prediction error signals are arranged in chronological order; reordering the prediction error signals by (a) listing in chronological order the classified prediction error signals from one of said two memory areas until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (b) subsequently listing said classified prediction error signals in chronological order from the other memory area until a subsequent incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until all of the prediction error signals are listed; and run length coding said prediction error signals based on the incorrectly predicted error signals in the list.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
190 words
A method of processing a picture signal comprising the steps of: generating a prediction error signal, for each of a plurality of bit planes to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded bit plane data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions; assigning one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; classifying the prediction error signals into two groups according to the probability state assigned thereto; storing said two groups in two memory areas in a manner that said prediction error signals are arranged in chronological order; reordering the prediction error signals by (a) listing in chronological order the classified prediction error signals from one of said two memory areas until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (b) subsequently listing said classified prediction error signals in chronological order from the other memory area until a subsequent incorrectly predicted error signal is detected, and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until all of the prediction error signals are listed; and run length coding said prediction error signals based on the incorrectly predicted error signals in the list.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising the following step before said run length coding: changing the state of the prediction error signal every detection of the incorrectly predicted error signal.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
176 words
An apparatus for processing a picture signal comprising: a predictor circuit for generating a prediction error signal for each of a plurality of picture elements to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded picture element data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions, said predictor circuit further generating a prediction state signal which assigns one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; a reordering circuit including a memory means and coupled to said predictor circuit, said reordering circuit storing said prediction error signals in said memory means in a manner that said prediction error signals assigned said first probability state are stored in ascending chronological order and said prediction error signals assigned said second probability state are stored in descending chronological order, said reordering circuit reading said prediction error signals alternatively in ascending and descending chronological orders until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected; and a run length encoder for encoding said prediction error signals alternatively based on the incorrectly predicted error signals.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
176 words
An apparatus for processing a picture signal comprising: a predictor circuit for generating a prediction error signal for each of a plurality of picture elements to be encoded, said prediction error signal being based on a plurality of previously encoded picture element data and indicating correct and incorrect predictions, said predictor circuit further generating a prediction state signal which assigns one of first and second probability states to each of said prediction error signals; a reordering circuit including a memory means and coupled to said predictor circuit, said reordering circuit storing said prediction error signals in said memory means in a manner that said prediction error signals assigned said first probability state are stored in ascending chronological order and said prediction error signals assigned said second probability state are stored in descending chronological order, said reordering circuit reading said prediction error signals alternatively in ascending and descending chronological orders until an incorrectly predicted error signal is detected; and a run length encoder for encoding said prediction error signals alternatively based on the incorrectly predicted error signals.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a smoothing circuit for changing the state of the prediction error signal every detection of the incorrectly predicted error signal.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
77 words
An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said predictor circuit includes: a tapped delay line which receives said picture signal for each of said picture elements and which generates said plurality of previously encoded picture element data; a predictor ROM coupled to said tapped delay line and outputting said prediction state signal and a prediction signal; and an Exclusive-OR gate for receiving said picture signal and said prediction signal and for generating said prediction error signal.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
136 words
An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said reordering circuit further includes: a logic circuit which receives said prediction state signal for selectively outputting a first and second count pulses in response thereto; an up-counter coupled to said logic circuit and counting up in response to said first count pulse; a down-counter coupled to said logic circuit and counting down in response to said second count pulse; a multiplexer coupled to said logic circuit and to said up-counter and down-counter, and connecting an address input terminal of said memory means to either said up-counter or said down-counter in response to said prediction state signal which is relayed via said logic circuit; and a flip-flop receiving the output of said memory means for controlling said up-counter and down-counter when reading out data from said memory means.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-08-05 | 1989-02-04 | 1989-08-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-08-05 | 1993-02-04 | 1993-08-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-08-05 | 1997-02-04 | 1997-08-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |