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US4533395A
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Method of making a leach resistant fixation product of harmful water-containing waste and cement
Assignee: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
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Filing: 1984-01-13
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Granted: 1985-08-06
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Expires: 2004-01-13
Abstract
Abstract A solid fixation product of harmful, water-containing waste materials and cement, which product is highly resistant to leaching by water and salt solutions. The product has a high content of 20 to 50% of waste materials based on the dry weight of the waste in the product and a water content corresponding to a water-to-cement ratio of 0.2 to 0.45. The method according to the invention which permits producing of such products is characterized in that evaporation of the water-containing waste materials and the mixing with the fixation matrix takes place concurrently at temperatures of 100 DEG to 180 DEG C. The resulting solid fixation product is of relatively small volume and, accordingly, requires only relatively little storage space.
Inventors
- 👤 Peter Vejmelka
- 👤 Wolfgang Kluger
- 👤 Rainer Koster
- 👤 Wolfgang Hauser
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 12:30
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B28/00; C04B28/02; C04B40/00; C04B40/0082; G; G21; G21F; G21F9/00; G21F9/28; G21F9/30; G21F9/301; G21F9/302; G21F9/304; C04B2111/00; C04B2111/00439; Y; Y02; Y02W; Y02W30/00; Y02W30/50; Y02W30/91
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
104 words
A solid fixation end product of harmful water-containing waste materials and cement (fixation matrix) which is resistant to leaching by water or salt solutions, said product being made by mixing the water-containing waste material and cement while they are subjected to evaporation to a degree that the end product, after subsequent setting, is characterized by (a) a content of harmful waste materials of 20 to 50% by weight on the basis of the dry weight of the waste materials in the end product, and (b) a content of water in the end product corresponding to a water-to-cement ratio (water-cement number) of 0.2 to 0.45.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
104 words
A solid fixation end product of harmful water-containing waste materials and cement (fixation matrix) which is resistant to leaching by water or salt solutions, said product being made by mixing the water-containing waste material and cement while they are subjected to evaporation to a degree that the end product, after subsequent setting, is characterized by (a) a content of harmful waste materials of 20 to 50% by weight on the basis of the dry weight of the waste materials in the end product, and (b) a content of water in the end product corresponding to a water-to-cement ratio (water-cement number) of 0.2 to 0.45.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
A solid waste material end product as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste material includes ion exchange resins charged with harmful compounds, characterized by an ion exchange resin content of 26 to 50%.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
100 words
A solid end product of harmful water-containing waste materials and cement (fixation matrix) which is resistant to leaching by water or salt solutions, said product being obtained by mixing the water-containing waste material and cement while they are subjected to evaporation to degree that the end product, after subsequent setting, is characterized by (a) a content of harmful waste materials of 33-50% by weight on the basis of the dry weight of the waste materials in the end product, and (b) a content of water in the end product corresponding to a water-to-cement ratio (water-cement number) of 0.20 to 0.40.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
100 words
A solid end product of harmful water-containing waste materials and cement (fixation matrix) which is resistant to leaching by water or salt solutions, said product being obtained by mixing the water-containing waste material and cement while they are subjected to evaporation to degree that the end product, after subsequent setting, is characterized by (a) a content of harmful waste materials of 33-50% by weight on the basis of the dry weight of the waste materials in the end product, and (b) a content of water in the end product corresponding to a water-to-cement ratio (water-cement number) of 0.20 to 0.40.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
93 words
A method of producing solid fixation products of harmful water-containing waste materials and cement (fixation matrix) wherein the water-containing waste materials and the cement are mixed and, while being mixed, are subjected to evaporation at a temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. until sufficient water is evaporated so as to provide in the final fixation product a content of 20 to 50% by weight of waste material on the basis of the dry weight of the waste material in the fixation product and the mixture is then filled into forms for hardening.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
93 words
A method of producing solid fixation products of harmful water-containing waste materials and cement (fixation matrix) wherein the water-containing waste materials and the cement are mixed and, while being mixed, are subjected to evaporation at a temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. until sufficient water is evaporated so as to provide in the final fixation product a content of 20 to 50% by weight of waste material on the basis of the dry weight of the waste material in the fixation product and the mixture is then filled into forms for hardening.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 4, wherein the mixing and evaporation time is so adjusted as to obtain in the fixation product a water-to-cement ratio of 0.2 to 0.45.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 4, wherein evaporation and mixing is performed in a continuous manner in a continuous mixing apparatus.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 4, wherein evaporation and mixing is performed in a batch-wise manner in a vessel.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 4, wherein a setting retardant is added before the mixture is subjected to evaporation and mixing.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein evaporation and mixing is performed under a vacuum of 20 to 50 m bar.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-08-05 | 1989-02-04 | 1989-08-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-08-05 | 1993-02-04 | 1993-08-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-08-05 | 1997-02-04 | 1997-08-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |