Patent US4517763A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4517763A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Hybridization process utilizing a combination of cytoplasmic male sterility and herbicide tolerance
Assignee: University of Guelph
•
Filing: 1983-05-11
•
Granted: 1985-05-21
•
Expires: 2003-05-11
Abstract
Abstract The process of the present invention provides a convenient route for producing a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop which is capable of undergoing both self-pollination and cross-pollination. Cytoplasmic male sterile plants which also exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance are the key plants for use in the present process. Such cytoplasmic male sterile plants may be readily multiplied and uniformly produced in accordance with the process of the present invention on a relatively economical basis by crossing with suitable maintainer plants. Economical bulk planting of the key plants with either maintainer or restorer plants is made possible. Following cross-pollination from a pollen source which lacks the herbicide tolerance unneeded plants effectively are eliminated by use of a herbicide. For instance, unwanted plants may be effectively eliminated immediately after pollination or prior to pollination in a succeeding generation to make possible the existence in an unharmed state of a substantially homogeneous stand of the desired plants which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance. The process of the present invention is applicable to grain crops, forage crops, seed propagated fruits, seed propagated ornamentals, and industrial species. In a particularly preferred embodiment a predetermined variety of Brassica napus (i.e., rape or improved forms thereof known as canola) is formed which is the product of cross-pollination.
Inventors
- 👤 Wallace D. Beversdorf
- 👤 Lawrence R. Erickson
- 👤 Ian Grant
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 21:32
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01H; A01H1/00; A01H1/02; A01H1/022; A01H1/023; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S47/00; Y10S47/01
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 39
Claim 1
Independent Claim
243 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop which is capable of undergoing both self-pollination and cross-pollination comprising: (a) growing in a first planting area a substantially random population of (1) cytoplasmic male sterile plants which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, and (2) male fertile plants which are capable of pollinating said cytoplasmic male sterile plants and which lack cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, whereby said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1) and said male fertile plants (2) are pollinated with pollen derived from said male fertile plants and seed is formed on said cytoplasmic male sterile plants and on said male fertile plants, (b) harvesting in bulk said seed which is formed on said plants of said first planting area, (c) growing at least a portion of the seed from step (b) in a second planting area in the absence of segregation between the seed derived from said cytoplasmic male sterile plants which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance and said male fertile plants which lack cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, and (d) contacting substantially all of the plants present in said second growing area prior to pollination with a herbicide which is effective to destroy said plants resulting from seed formed on said male fertile plants of said first planting area, whereby a substantially homogeneous population of a predetermined hybrid variety is formed which resulted from seed formed on said male sterile plants of said first planting area.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
243 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop which is capable of undergoing both self-pollination and cross-pollination comprising: (a) growing in a first planting area a substantially random population of (1) cytoplasmic male sterile plants which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, and (2) male fertile plants which are capable of pollinating said cytoplasmic male sterile plants and which lack cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, whereby said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1) and said male fertile plants (2) are pollinated with pollen derived from said male fertile plants and seed is formed on said cytoplasmic male sterile plants and on said male fertile plants, (b) harvesting in bulk said seed which is formed on said plants of said first planting area, (c) growing at least a portion of the seed from step (b) in a second planting area in the absence of segregation between the seed derived from said cytoplasmic male sterile plants which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance and said male fertile plants which lack cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, and (d) contacting substantially all of the plants present in said second growing area prior to pollination with a herbicide which is effective to destroy said plants resulting from seed formed on said male fertile plants of said first planting area, whereby a substantially homogeneous population of a predetermined hybrid variety is formed which resulted from seed formed on said male sterile plants of said first planting area.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
46 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop according to claim 1 wherein said crop is selected from the group consisting of grain crops, forage crops seed propagated fruits, seed propagated ornamentals, and industrial species.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said crop is of the family Brassicaceae.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said crop is of the genus Brassica.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said crop is Brassica napus.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said crop is Brassica campestris.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
40 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said male fertile plants (2) are homozygous recessive maintainer plants for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1)
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
40 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined variety of hybrid crop according to claim 1 wherein said male fertile plants (2) are homozygous dominant fertility plants for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1).
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
80 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined variety of hybrid crop according to claim 1 wherein said male fertile plants (2) are homozygous dominant fertility restorer plants for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1) and said resulting plants of step (d) are male fertile F 1 hybrid plants, and which includes the additional step of (e) harvesting seed which forms on said male fertile F 1 hybrid plants as a result of self-pollination.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
142 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined variety of hybrid seed crop according to claim 1 wherein said male fertile plants (2) are homozygous recessive maintainer plants for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1) and said resulting plants of step (d) are cytoplasmic male sterile plants, and which includes the additional steps of (e) growing in pollinating proximity to the substantially homogeneous population plants of step (d) a substantially homogeneous population of homozygous dominant fertility restorer plants for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants whereby said cytoplasmic male sterile plants of step (d) are pollinated with pollen from said restorer plants, and (f) harvesting seed from said cytoplasmic male sterile plants which is capable of forming a predetermined male fertile F 1 hybrid variety in the substantial absence of seed from said population of restorer plants
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
34 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said pollination takes place with the aid of pollen carrying insects.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said herbicide operates by inhibiting photosynthesis.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
35 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said herbicide is selected from the group consisting of s-triazines and as-triazines.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said herbicide is atrazine.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
An improved process for forming a substantially homogeneous population of plants of a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 1 wherein said herbicide is cyanazine.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
160 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop which is capable of undergoing both self-pollination and cross-pollination comprising: (a) growing in a planting area a substantially random population of (1) cytoplasmic male sterile plants which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, and (2) male fertile plants which are capable of pollinating said cytoplasmic male sterile plants and which lack cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, whereby said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1) are pollinated with pollen derived from said male fertile plants (2), (b) contacting substantially all of the plants present in said growing area following said pollination with a herbicide which is effective to destroy said male fertile plants and which is ineffective to destroy said cytoplasmic male sterile plants, and (c) harvesting seed from said cytoplasmic male sterile plants which is capable of forming said hybrid plants in the substantial absence of seed from said male fertile plants which initially grew in said planting area.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
160 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop which is capable of undergoing both self-pollination and cross-pollination comprising: (a) growing in a planting area a substantially random population of (1) cytoplasmic male sterile plants which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, and (2) male fertile plants which are capable of pollinating said cytoplasmic male sterile plants and which lack cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance, whereby said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1) are pollinated with pollen derived from said male fertile plants (2), (b) contacting substantially all of the plants present in said growing area following said pollination with a herbicide which is effective to destroy said male fertile plants and which is ineffective to destroy said cytoplasmic male sterile plants, and (c) harvesting seed from said cytoplasmic male sterile plants which is capable of forming said hybrid plants in the substantial absence of seed from said male fertile plants which initially grew in said planting area.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
43 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop according to claim 16 wherein said crop is selected from the group consisting of grain crops, forage crops, seed propagated fruits, seed propagated ornamentals, and industrial species.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said crop is of the family Brassicaceae.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said crop is of the genus Brassica.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
25 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said crop is Brassica napus.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
25 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said crop is Brassica campestris.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
37 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said male fertile plants (2) are homozygous recessive maintainer plants for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1).
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
38 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined variety of hybrid crop according to claim 16 wherein said male fertile plants (2) are homozygous dominant fertility restorer plants for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1).
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
124 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said male fertile plants (2) are homozygous recessive maintainer plants for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants (1) and wherein said process includes the additional steps of (d) growing at least a portion of said seed from step (c) which is capable of forming plants which are cytoplasmic male sterile plants and which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance in pollinating proximity to plants which are a homozygous dominant fertility restorer for said cytoplasmic male sterile plants whereby said cytoplasmic male sterile plants are pollinated with pollen derived from said restorer plants, and (e) selectively harvesting the seed which is formed on said cytoplasmic male sterile plants.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
48 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 24 wherein in step (d) said cytoplasmic male sterile plants are grown in at least one substantially uniform population adjacent at least one substantially uniform population of said restorer plants.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
68 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop according to claim 24 wherein in step (d) said cytoplasmic male sterile plants and said restorer plants are grown in a substantially random population, and said plants are contacted with a herbicide which selectively destroys said restorer plants following pollination of said cytoplasmic male sterile plants and prior to harvest step (e).
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
31 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said pollination takes place with the aid of pollen carrying insects.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
26 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said herbicide operates by inhibiting photosynthesis.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
32 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said herbicide is selected from the group consisting of s-triazines and as-triazines.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
24 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said herbicide is atrazine.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
An improved process for producing seed capable of forming a predetermined hybrid variety of crop according to claim 16 wherein said herbicide is cyanazine.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
45 words
A Brassica napus seed product consisting of a substantially homogeneous assemblage of seeds which upon growth yield rape plants which exhibit a combination of cytoplasmic male sterility and cytoplasmic atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
45 words
A Brassica napus seed product consisting of a substantially homogeneous assemblage of seeds which upon growth yield rape plants which exhibit a combination of cytoplasmic male sterility and cytoplasmic atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
99 words
A Brassica napus seed product consisting of a substantially homogeneous binary admixture of seeds which upon growth yield (1) a first rape plant component which exhibits cytoplasmic male sterility and cytoplasmic atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare, and (2) a second rape plant component which is capable of pollinating said first rape plant component, is a homozygous recessive maintainer for said cytoplasmic male sterility of the first rape plant component, and which lacks atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
99 words
A Brassica napus seed product consisting of a substantially homogeneous binary admixture of seeds which upon growth yield (1) a first rape plant component which exhibits cytoplasmic male sterility and cytoplasmic atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare, and (2) a second rape plant component which is capable of pollinating said first rape plant component, is a homozygous recessive maintainer for said cytoplasmic male sterility of the first rape plant component, and which lacks atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
95 words
A Brassica napus seed product consisting of a substantially homogeneous binary admixture of seeds which upon growth yield (1) a first rape plant component which exhibits cytoplasmic male sterility and cytoplasmic atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare, and (2) a second rape plant component which is capable of pollinating said first rape plant component, is a homozygous dominant fertility restorer for said first rape plant component, and which lacks atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
95 words
A Brassica napus seed product consisting of a substantially homogeneous binary admixture of seeds which upon growth yield (1) a first rape plant component which exhibits cytoplasmic male sterility and cytoplasmic atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare, and (2) a second rape plant component which is capable of pollinating said first rape plant component, is a homozygous dominant fertility restorer for said first rape plant component, and which lacks atrazine tolerance when applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-05-20 | 1988-11-19 | 1989-05-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-05-20 | 1992-11-19 | 1993-05-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-05-20 | 1996-11-19 | 1997-05-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |