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US4499319A
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Proton-catalysed reactions in which water is not a stoichiometric reactant catalysed by metal cation-exchanged layered clays
Assignee: BP PLC
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Filing: 1982-09-09
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Granted: 1985-02-12
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Expires: 2002-09-09
Abstract
Abstract The invention relates to the use of metal cation-exchangeable layered clays in organic reactions which are catalyzed by protons in which intercalated water is not a stoichiometric reactant. Such organic reactions include the production of esters by the reaction of an olefin or an olefin oxide with a carboxylic acid, the production of ethers by reaction of an alcohol with an olefin or an olefin oxide, the production of ethers by the reaction of a primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol or an olefin oxide, the production of bis-sec-alkyl ethers from alkenes, the production of alkyl aromatic compounds by the reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin or alcohol and the production of alcohols by the hydration of olefins.
Inventors
- 👤 James A. Ballantine
- 👤 John H. Purnell
- 👤 John M. Thomas
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 16:55
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07C; C07C67/00; C07C67/08; B; B01; B01J; B01J21/00; B01J21/16; C07C209/00; C07C209/64; C07C41/00; C07C41/01; C07C41/05; C07C41/06; C07C45/00; C07C45/61; C07C45/67; C07C45/68; C07C45/72; C07C45/74; C07C67/24; C07C67/26; C07D; C07D295/00; C07D295/02; C07D295/023; C07D317/00; C07D317/08; C07D317/10; C07D317/14; C07D319/00; C07D319/10; C07D319/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
68 words
In a process for the production of an alkyl aromatic compound by reacting at elevated temperature an alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon with an alkylating agent selected from olefins and alcohols having at least two carbon atoms, the improvement which comprises using as an essential catalyst component a cation exchanged dioctahedral layered clay selected from montmorillonites, beidellites, vermiculites and nontronite, in which clay the exchangeable cation is a metal cation.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
68 words
In a process for the production of an alkyl aromatic compound by reacting at elevated temperature an alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon with an alkylating agent selected from olefins and alcohols having at least two carbon atoms, the improvement which comprises using as an essential catalyst component a cation exchanged dioctahedral layered clay selected from montmorillonites, beidellites, vermiculites and nontronite, in which clay the exchangeable cation is a metal cation.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metal cation-exchanged layered clay is activated before said reaction by heating same in air at a temperature up to 200° C.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metal cation-exchanged layered clay is metal cation-exchanged under conditions which do not break down the layered structure of the clay.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
75 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metal cation-exchanged layered clay is prepared from a metal cation-exchangeable layered clay by contacting the clay at ambient temperature with an aqueous solution of a metal salt, separating the exchanged layered clay from the aqueous solution, washing the exchanged layered clay to remove extraneous cations and drying the metal cation-exchanged layered clay at an elevated temperature such that the layered structure of the clay is preserved.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metal cation-exchanged layered clay is a montmorillonite which is bentonite.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the catalyst is a metal cation-exchanged layered clay wherein some or all the metal cations have been exchanged with a cation of a metal selected from chromium and aluminum.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from benzene and toluene and the alkylating agent is an olefin selected from ethylene, propylene and butylenes.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from benzene and toluene and the alkylating agent is an alcohol selected from ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein benzene is reacted with propylene to produce isopropylbenzene.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein benzene is reacted with ethylene to produce ethylbenzene.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from benzene and toluene, and the alkylating agent is an olefin selected from hexene and cyclohexene.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metal cation-exchanged dioctahedral layered clay is montmorillonite.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metal cation exchanged dioctahedral layered clay is beidellite.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metal cation exchanged dioctahedral layered clay is vermiculite.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metal cation exchanged dioctahedral layered clay is nontronite.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-02-12 | 1988-08-13 | 1989-02-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-02-12 | 1992-08-13 | 1993-02-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-08-13 | 1997-02-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |