Patent US4497773A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US4496785A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4496785A
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Process for reacting alcohols and olefins
Assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
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Filing: 1983-09-28
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Granted: 1985-01-29
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Expires: 2003-09-28
Abstract
Abstract A method for producing branched aliphatic hydrocarbons by reacting H 2 with a C 1 -C 6 alcohol and/or a C 2 -C 6 olefin in the presence of a cadmium component and a support which comprises an amorphous refractory inorganic oxide, a pillared smectite or vermiculite clay, a molecular sieve consisting essentially of unexchanged or cation-exchanged chabazite, clinoptilite, zeolite A, zeolite L, zeolite X, zeolite Y, ultrastable zeolite Y, or crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve, or a combination thereof.
Inventors
- 👤 Jeffrey T. Miller
- 👤 Thomas D. Nevitt
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 04:47
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07C; C07C5/00; C07C5/02; C07C5/03; B; B01; B01J; B01J23/00; B01J23/06; C07C1/00; C07C1/20; C07C1/22; C07C2521/00; C07C2521/12; C07C2521/16; C07C2523/00; C07C2523/06; C07C2523/12; C07C2529/00; C07C2529/04; C07C2529/05; C07C2529/06; C07C2529/08; C07C2529/60; C07C2529/70; C07C2529/86
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
186 words
A method for producing branched aliphatic hydrocarbons by reacting hydrogen with at least one of an alcohol containing from 1 to 6 carbons atoms and an olefin containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, at a temperature in the range of from about 300° C. to about 480° C., at a pressure in the range of from about 5 to about 150 kilograms per square centimeter, and in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising a cadmium component and a support material having acidic properties, wherein the cadmium component is in the form of the elemental metal, its oxide or salt or a combination thereof, wherein the cadmium component is present at a concentration level in the range of from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent, calculated as cadmium oxide and based on the weight of the catalyst, and wherein the support comprises an amorphous refractory inorganic oxide, a pillared smectite or vermiculite clay, a molecular sieve consisting essentially of unexchanged or cation-exchanged chabazite, clinoptilolite, zeolite A, zeolite L, zeolite X, zeolite Y, ultrastable zeolite Y, or crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve, or a combination thereof.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
186 words
A method for producing branched aliphatic hydrocarbons by reacting hydrogen with at least one of an alcohol containing from 1 to 6 carbons atoms and an olefin containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, at a temperature in the range of from about 300° C. to about 480° C., at a pressure in the range of from about 5 to about 150 kilograms per square centimeter, and in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising a cadmium component and a support material having acidic properties, wherein the cadmium component is in the form of the elemental metal, its oxide or salt or a combination thereof, wherein the cadmium component is present at a concentration level in the range of from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent, calculated as cadmium oxide and based on the weight of the catalyst, and wherein the support comprises an amorphous refractory inorganic oxide, a pillared smectite or vermiculite clay, a molecular sieve consisting essentially of unexchanged or cation-exchanged chabazite, clinoptilolite, zeolite A, zeolite L, zeolite X, zeolite Y, ultrastable zeolite Y, or crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve, or a combination thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
73 words
The method of claim 1 wherein, if the alcohol is present, the mole ratio of alcohol-to-hydrogen is in the range of from about 10:1 to about 1:10, if the olefin is present, the mole ratio of olefin-to-hydrogen is in the range of from about 10:1 to about 1:10, and if both the alcohol and olefin are present, the mole ratio of alcohol-to-olefin is in the range of from about 10:1 to about 1:10.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol or a combination thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1 wherein, where no alcohol is present, the olefin comprises propylene, butylene, amylene or a combination thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1 wherein, when an alcohol is present, the olefin comprises ethylene, propylene, butylene or a combination thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
107 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of from about 315° C. to about 425° C. a pressure of at least 10 kilograms per square centimeter and, if the alcohol is present, the mole ratio of the alcohol-to-hydrogen is in the range of from about 4:1 to about 1:4, if the olefin is present, the mole ratio of the olefin-to-hydrogen is in the range of from about 4:1 to about 1:1, and if both the alcohol and the olefin are present, the mole ratio of the alcohol-to-olefin is in the range of from about 3:1 to about 1:3.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the space velocity of each of the alcohol and olefin that is present is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.1 moles per gram of catalyst per hour.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the cadmium component is in the form of cadmium oxide.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the cadmium component is present at a concentration level in the range of from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, calculated as cadmium oxide and based on the weight of the catalyst.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the refractory inorganic oxide comprises alumina, zirconia, titania, an oxide of the lanthanide series, an oxide of the actinide series, a combination thereof, or a combination thereof with silica or magnesia.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the molecular sieve is in the hydrogen- or rare earth-exchanged form.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
111 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the borosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :ySiO.sub.2 :zH.sub.2 O wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, y is between 4 and about 600, and z is between 0 and about 160, and providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
/d (Å) Assigned Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2
W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2
W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07
W-M
3.82 ± 0.05
VS
3.70 ± 0.05
MS
3.62 ± 0.05
M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02
W-M
1.99 ± 0.02
VW-M
______________________________________
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the pillared smectite or vermiculite clay comprises a multiplicity of cations interposed between the molecular layers of the clay and maintaining the spacing between the molecular layers in the range of from about 6 angstroms to about 10 angstroms at a temperature of at least 300° C. in an air atmosphere for at least 2 hours.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the support comprises from about 20 to about 95 weight percent of an aforesaid refractory inorganic oxide and from about 5 to 80 percent of an aforesaid molecular sieve or pillared smectite or vermiculite clay.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 1 wherein, when the alcohol is present, the support comprises cadmium-exchanged zeolite Y, rare earth-exchanged zeolite Y, ultrastable zeolite Y, a pillared smectite or vermiculite clay, silica-alumina, or crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1 wherein, when the alcohol is not present, the support comprises cadmium-exchanged zeolite Y, rare earth-exchanged zeolite Y, ultrastable zeolite Y, or crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
65 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the catalyst comprises additionally a thorium component on the support wherein the thorium component is in the form of elemental thorium, its oxide or salt or a combination thereof and is present at a concentration in the range of from about 1 to about 25 weight percent, calculated as thorium oxide and based on the weight of the catalyst.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the thorium component is in the form of thorium oxide.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 17 wherein at least one reactant is an alcohol and the catalyst support is silica-alumina.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-01-29 | 1988-07-30 | 1989-01-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-01-29 | 1992-07-30 | 1993-01-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-01-29 | 1996-07-30 | 1997-01-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |