US4292458A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Production of hydrocarbons from alcohols
Assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
•
Filing: 1980-08-29
•
Granted: 1981-09-29
•
Expires: 2000-08-29
Abstract
Abstract A new crystalline borosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation, n is the valence of the cation, Y is a value within the range of 4 to about 600, and Z is a value within the range of 0 to about 160, and providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern. The borosilicate is used to catalyze various processes, such as isomerization, disproportionation, alkylation, transalkylation, and conversion of alcohols into gasoline-boiling-range products, olefins, and/or aromatics. Broadly, there is provided a process for the conversion of an alcohol to useful hydrocarbon products, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a crystalline borosilicate which comprises a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________ Assigned d (A) Strength ______________________________________ 11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS 10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS 5.97 ± 0.07 W-M 3.82 ± 0.05 VS 3.70 ± 0.05 MS 3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS 2.97 ± 0.02 W-M 1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M ______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is between 4 and about 600, and Z is between 0 and about 160.
Inventors
- 👤 Marvin R. Klotz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 17:32
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07C; C07C1/00; C07C1/20; B; B01; B01J; B01J29/00; B01J29/86; C07C5/00; C07C5/22; C07C5/27; C07C5/2729; C07C5/2732; C07C5/2754; C07C2521/00; C07C2521/02; C07C2521/04; C07C2529/00; C07C2529/86; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P20/00; Y02P20/50; Y02P20/52
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 55
Claim 1
Independent Claim
137 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to useful hydrocarbon products, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a crystalline borosilicate which comprises a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is between 4 and about 600, and Z is between 0 and about 160.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
137 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to useful hydrocarbon products, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a crystalline borosilicate which comprises a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is between 4 and about 600, and Z is between 0 and about 160.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
85 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said borosilicate provides an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 M-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 M-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ after said borosilicate has been calcined at a temperature within the range of about 1,000° F. (538° C.) to about 1,100° F. (593° C.).
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the value of Y for said borosilicate is within the range of about 40 to about 120 and the value of Z for said borosilicate is within the range of 0 to about 40.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 650° F. (343° C.) to about 1,350° F. (732° C.), a pressure within the range of about 0.5 atm (50.7 kPa) to about 30 atm (3,040 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 0.1 hr -1 to about 50 hr -1 .
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 2, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 650° F. (343° C.) to about 1,350° F. (732° C.), a pressure within the range of about 0.5 atm (50.7 kPa) to about 30 atm (3,040 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 0.1 hr -1 to about 50 hr -1 .
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
150 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to hydrocarbon products boiling in the gasoline boiling range, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a crystalline borosilicate, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of about 4 and about 600, and Z is within the range of 0 to about 160.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
150 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to hydrocarbon products boiling in the gasoline boiling range, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a crystalline borosilicate, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of about 4 and about 600, and Z is within the range of 0 to about 160.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
85 words
The process of claim 6 wherein said borosilicate provides an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 M-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 M-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ after said borosilicate has been calcined at a temperature within the range of about 1,000° F. (538° C.) to about 1,100° F. (593° C.).
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process of claim 6, wherein the value of Y for said borosilicate is within the range of about 40 to about 120 and the value of Z for said borosilicate is within the range of 0 to about 40.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 6, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 7, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 8, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 10, wherein said borosilicate is a metal-exchanged AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 12, wherein said borosilicate has been cation-exchanged with nickel.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
169 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to hydrocarbon products boiling in the gasoline boiling range, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a crystalline borosilicate and a porous refractory inorganic oxide, said borosilicate and said inorganic oxide having been intimately admixed with one another, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of about 4 and about 600, and Z is within the range of 0 to about 160.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
169 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to hydrocarbon products boiling in the gasoline boiling range, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a crystalline borosilicate and a porous refractory inorganic oxide, said borosilicate and said inorganic oxide having been intimately admixed with one another, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of about 4 and about 600, and Z is within the range of 0 to about 160.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 14, wherein at least one catalytically-active metal is placed onto said borosilicate prior to said borosilicate being mixed with said inorganic oxide.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
85 words
The process of claim 14, wherein said borosilicate provides an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 M-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 M-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ after said borosilicate has been calcined at a temperature within the range of about 1,000° F. (538° C.) to about 1,100° F. (593° C.).
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 14, wherein said inorganic oxide of said catalyst is catalytically-active alumina.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 14, wherein said alcohol is an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 14, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 15, wherein said inorganic oxide of said catalyst is catalytically-active alumina.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 15, wherein said catalytically-active metal is nickel.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 16, wherein at least one catalytically-active metal is placed onto said borosilicate prior to said borosilicate being mixed with said inorganic oxide.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 16, wherein said inorganic oxide of said catalyst is catalytically-active alumina.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 16, wherein said alcohol is an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 16, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 21, wherein said inorganic oxide of said catalyst is catalytically-active alumina.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 21, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 22, wherein said inorganic oxide of said catalyst is catalytically-active alumina.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 22, wherein said catalytically-active metal is nickel.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 26, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 29, wherein said inorganic oxide of said catalyst is catalytically-active alumina.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 29, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 30, wherein said alcohol is an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 31, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 34, wherein said alcohol is an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 34, wherein said alcohol is a monohydric alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 36, wherein said alcohol is methanol.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 37, wherein said conditions comprise a hot spot temperature within the range of about 680° F. (360° C.) to about 820° F. (438° C.), a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa), and a WHSV within the range of about 1 hr -1 to about 8 hr -1 .
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
199 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to olefins, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a metal-exchanged crystalline borosilicate, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of 4 to about 600, and Z is within the range of 0 to about 160, said conditions comprising a hot spot temperature within the range of about 840° F. (449° C.) to about 1,200° F. (649° C.), a WHSV within the range of about 0.5 hr -1 to about 24 hr -1 , and a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa).
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
199 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to olefins, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a metal-exchanged crystalline borosilicate, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of 4 to about 600, and Z is within the range of 0 to about 160, said conditions comprising a hot spot temperature within the range of about 840° F. (449° C.) to about 1,200° F. (649° C.), a WHSV within the range of about 0.5 hr -1 to about 24 hr -1 , and a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 5 atm (506.5 kPa).
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
85 words
The process of claim 39, wherein said borosilicate provides an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 M-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 M-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ after said borosilicate has been calcined at a temperature within the range of about 1,000° F. (538° C.) to about 1,100° F. (593° C.).
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process of claim 39, wherein the value of Y for said borosilicate is within the range of about 40 to about 120 and the value of Z for said borosilicate is within the range of 0 to about 40.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 40, wherein nickel is the metal that has been cation-exchanged into said borosilicate.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 42, wherein said catalyst comprises further a refractory inorganic oxide.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 43, wherein said refractory inorganic oxide of said catalyst is catalytically-active alumina.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
199 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to aromatics, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a metal-exchanged crystalline borosilicate, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of 4 to about 600, and Z is within the range of 0 to about 160, said conditions comprising a hot spot temperature within the range of about 720° F. (382° C.) to about 880° F. (471° C.), a WHSV within the range of about 0.5 hr -1 to about 6 hr -1 , and a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 10 atm (1,013 kPa).
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
199 words
A process for the conversion of an alcohol to aromatics, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising said alcohol under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a metal-exchanged crystalline borosilicate, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 W-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 W-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M-MS
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides: 0.9±0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O, wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of 4 to about 600, and Z is within the range of 0 to about 160, said conditions comprising a hot spot temperature within the range of about 720° F. (382° C.) to about 880° F. (471° C.), a WHSV within the range of about 0.5 hr -1 to about 6 hr -1 , and a pressure within the range of about 1 atm (101.3 kPa) to about 10 atm (1,013 kPa).
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
85 words
The process of claim 45, wherein said borosilicate provides an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following X-ray diffraction lines and assigned strengths: ______________________________________
Assigned
d (A) Strength
______________________________________
11.2 ± 0.2 M-VS
10.0 ± 0.2 M-MS
5.97 ± 0.07 W-M
3.82 ± 0.05 VS
3.70 ± 0.05 MS
3.62 ± 0.05 M
2.97 ± 0.02 W-M
1.99 ± 0.02 VW-M
______________________________________ after said borosilicate has been calcined at a temperature within the range of about 1,000° F. (538° C.) to about 1,100° F. (593° C.).
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process of claim 45, wherein the value of Y for said borosilicate is within the range of about 40 to about 120 and the value of Z for said borosilicate is within the range of 0 to about 40.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 46, wherein nickel is the metal that has been cation-exchanged into said borosilicate.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 48, wherein said catalyst further comprises a refractory inorganic oxide.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 49, wherein said refractory inorganic oxide of said catalyst is a catalytically-active alumina.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-09-28 | 1985-03-30 | 1985-09-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-09-28 | 1989-03-30 | 1989-09-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-09-28 | 1993-03-30 | 1993-09-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |