Patent US4484997A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4484997A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Corrosion-resistant ceramic electrode for electrolytic processes
Assignee: GREAT LAKES CARBON Corp
•
Filing: 1983-06-06
•
Granted: 1984-11-27
•
Expires: 2003-06-06
Abstract
Abstract A ceramic electrode suitable for use in an electrolytic cell has a conductive ceramic substrate of a base material and at least one additive material having a concentration greater than its solubility limit in the base material, and a coating of the base material on the substrate. The electrode is produced such that the additive material is diffused from the substrate to the coating, but such diffusion is terminated before or upon reaching the solubility limits of the additive material in the coating.
Inventors
- 👤 Duane R. Secrist
- 👤 James M. Clark
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 03:10
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25C; C25C7/00; C25C7/02; C25C7/025; C25C3/00; C25C3/06; C25C3/08; C25C3/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
94 words
A process for producing a ceramic electrode suitable for use in an electrolytic cell comprising: (a) forming a conductive ceramic substrate comprising a base material and at least one additive material capable of diffusion within said base material; (b) applying a coating of said base material to said substrate; and (c) heat-treating the coated substrate under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, time and atmosphere to diffuse said additive material from said substrate to said coating, wherein the diffusion is terminated before or upon reaching the solubility limits of the additive material in the coating.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
94 words
A process for producing a ceramic electrode suitable for use in an electrolytic cell comprising: (a) forming a conductive ceramic substrate comprising a base material and at least one additive material capable of diffusion within said base material; (b) applying a coating of said base material to said substrate; and (c) heat-treating the coated substrate under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, time and atmosphere to diffuse said additive material from said substrate to said coating, wherein the diffusion is terminated before or upon reaching the solubility limits of the additive material in the coating.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the base material consists of SnO 2 .
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 2 wherein the substrate consists of SnO 2 , CuO and Sb 2 O 3 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
100 words
A process for producing a ceramic anode for a Hall-Heroult cell comprising: (a) forming a conductive ceramic substrate comprising 98 wt. % SnO 2 , 1 wt. % CuO and 1 wt. % Sb 2 O 3 ; (b) applying a coating of SnO 2 to said substrate; and (c) heat-treating the coated substrate under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, time and atmosphere to diffuse the Cu and Sb from said substrate to said coating, wherein the diffusion is terminated before or upon reaching the solubility limits of the CuO and Sb 2 O 3 in the SnO 2 coating.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
100 words
A process for producing a ceramic anode for a Hall-Heroult cell comprising: (a) forming a conductive ceramic substrate comprising 98 wt. % SnO 2 , 1 wt. % CuO and 1 wt. % Sb 2 O 3 ; (b) applying a coating of SnO 2 to said substrate; and (c) heat-treating the coated substrate under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, time and atmosphere to diffuse the Cu and Sb from said substrate to said coating, wherein the diffusion is terminated before or upon reaching the solubility limits of the CuO and Sb 2 O 3 in the SnO 2 coating.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
82 words
A ceramic electrode suitable for use in an electrolytic cell comprising: (a) a conductive ceramic substrate comprising a base material and at least one additive material having a concentration greater than its solubility limit in said base material and capable of diffusion therethrough; and (b) a coating of said base material on said substrate; wherein said additive is diffused throughout said electrode, the concentration of said additive in said coating not exceeding the solubility limit of said additive material in said coating.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
82 words
A ceramic electrode suitable for use in an electrolytic cell comprising: (a) a conductive ceramic substrate comprising a base material and at least one additive material having a concentration greater than its solubility limit in said base material and capable of diffusion therethrough; and (b) a coating of said base material on said substrate; wherein said additive is diffused throughout said electrode, the concentration of said additive in said coating not exceeding the solubility limit of said additive material in said coating.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrode of claim 5 wherein the coating consists of SnO 2 .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein the substrate consists of SnO 2 , CuO and Sb 2 O 3 .
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
82 words
A ceramic anode for a Hall-Heroult cell comprising: (a) a conductive ceramic substrate comprising 98 wt. % SnO 2 , 1 wt. % CuO and 1 wt. % Sb 2 O 3 and (b) a coating of SnO 2 on said substrate; wherein the Cu and Sb are diffused throughout said electrode, the concentration of said CuO and Sb 2 O 3 in said coating not exceeding the solubility limit of said CuO and Sb 2 O 3 material in said coating.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
82 words
A ceramic anode for a Hall-Heroult cell comprising: (a) a conductive ceramic substrate comprising 98 wt. % SnO 2 , 1 wt. % CuO and 1 wt. % Sb 2 O 3 and (b) a coating of SnO 2 on said substrate; wherein the Cu and Sb are diffused throughout said electrode, the concentration of said CuO and Sb 2 O 3 in said coating not exceeding the solubility limit of said CuO and Sb 2 O 3 material in said coating.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
88 words
A method for manufacturing aluminum in a Hall-Heroult cell employing a ceramic anode comprising: (a) a conductive ceramic substrate comprising 98 wt. % SnO 2 , 1 wt. % CuO and 1 wt. % Sb 2 O 3 and (b) a coating of SnO 2 on said substrate; wherein the Cu and Sb are diffused throughout said electrode, the concentration of said CuO and Sb 2 O 3 in said coating not exceeding the solubility limit of said CuO and Sb 2 O 3 material in said coating.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
88 words
A method for manufacturing aluminum in a Hall-Heroult cell employing a ceramic anode comprising: (a) a conductive ceramic substrate comprising 98 wt. % SnO 2 , 1 wt. % CuO and 1 wt. % Sb 2 O 3 and (b) a coating of SnO 2 on said substrate; wherein the Cu and Sb are diffused throughout said electrode, the concentration of said CuO and Sb 2 O 3 in said coating not exceeding the solubility limit of said CuO and Sb 2 O 3 material in said coating.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-11-27 | 1988-05-28 | 1988-11-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-11-27 | 1992-05-28 | 1992-11-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-11-27 | 1996-05-28 | 1996-11-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |