Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 45
Claim 1
Independent Claim
248 words
A process for preparing a sizing composition having improved sizing characteristics, which process comprises combining (A) a first component comprising a material which provides both ammonia and ammonium salt when combined with the other sizing composition components, said ammonia-ammonium salt-providing material being selected from the group consisting of ammonia or precursor thereof; ammonium salts or precursor thereof; the reaction product of urea and at least one Lewis acid selected from sulfuryl chloride, chlorosulfonic acid, thionyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonic acid, ortho-toluenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid, ortho-toluenesulfonyl chloride, and para-toluenesulfonyl chloride; and mixtures of these materials; and (B) a second component comprising a saponified, partly saponified or unsaponified rosin which is modified with an organic acidic material selected from α,β-unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 3 to 10 carbon atoms, anhydrides thereof, and mixtures of said acids and anhydrides; said combining of said first component and said second component being effected by forming sprays of said first component and said second component, wherein each component is formed into particles having an average diameter of about 10 to about 1000 microns, and allowing said sprays to contact each other to thereby provide a sizing composition or precursor thereof, which sizing composition or precursor thereof comprises sizing-effective amounts of said modified rosin, and sizing enhancing amounts of said ammonia and ammonium salt, the amount of said modified rosin, ammonia and ammonium salt being sufficient to provide a sizing composition with a total acidity of at least about 1,000 parts per million.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
248 words
A process for preparing a sizing composition having improved sizing characteristics, which process comprises combining (A) a first component comprising a material which provides both ammonia and ammonium salt when combined with the other sizing composition components, said ammonia-ammonium salt-providing material being selected from the group consisting of ammonia or precursor thereof; ammonium salts or precursor thereof; the reaction product of urea and at least one Lewis acid selected from sulfuryl chloride, chlorosulfonic acid, thionyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonic acid, ortho-toluenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid, ortho-toluenesulfonyl chloride, and para-toluenesulfonyl chloride; and mixtures of these materials; and (B) a second component comprising a saponified, partly saponified or unsaponified rosin which is modified with an organic acidic material selected from α,β-unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 3 to 10 carbon atoms, anhydrides thereof, and mixtures of said acids and anhydrides; said combining of said first component and said second component being effected by forming sprays of said first component and said second component, wherein each component is formed into particles having an average diameter of about 10 to about 1000 microns, and allowing said sprays to contact each other to thereby provide a sizing composition or precursor thereof, which sizing composition or precursor thereof comprises sizing-effective amounts of said modified rosin, and sizing enhancing amounts of said ammonia and ammonium salt, the amount of said modified rosin, ammonia and ammonium salt being sufficient to provide a sizing composition with a total acidity of at least about 1,000 parts per million.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said first and second components are formed into particles having an average diameter of from about 10 to 200 microns.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said first and second components are converted into sprays by forcing said components through spray nozzles and the sprays are allowed to contact in a suitable container.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 1 or 3 wherein the rosin is modified with an organic acidic material selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, and their mixtures.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the ammonium salt of the sizing composition is the salt of a salt-forming acid selected from the group consisting of sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trichloroacetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, stearic acid and acetic acid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
74 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said sizing composition is prepared having about 3 to 30 percent ammonia, from about 4 to 72 percent ammonium salt and from about 93 to 25 percent rosin plus organic acidic material, based on the total weight of the ammonia, the ammonium salt and the rosin plus organic acidic material on a dry basis, and using an ammonium salt to ammonia ratio greater than about 1 to 1.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
75 words
The process of claim 6 wherein the first component contains ammonia, the rosin is modified with from about 5 to 30 percent by weight of the rosin of the organic acidic material and is at least partially saponified; the ammonium salt of the sizing composition is produced in situ after combination of the first and second components as the reaction product of the ammonia and the salt-forming acid, and the composition of an aqueous mixture.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the ammmonia of the sizing composition is provided in situ by reaction between the rosin, the rosin-modifying organic acidic material, and the ammonium salt; and the rosin is at least partially saponified.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
54 words
The process of claim 8 wherein said sizing composition is prepared having from about 4 to 75 percent ammonium salt and from about 96 to 25 percent rosin plus modifying organic acidic material based on the total weight of the ammonium salt and the rosin plus modifying organic acidic material on a dry basis.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 9 wherein said rosin is modified with from about 5 to 30 percent by weight of the rosin of said organic acidic material; and the composition is an aqueous mixture.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the first component contains ammonia and the ammonium salt of the sizing composition is provided in situ by reaction between the rosin, the organic acidic material, and the ammonia after combination of the first and second components.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
53 words
The process of claim 11 wherein the sizing composition is prepared having from about 10 to 75 percent ammonia and from about 90 to 25 percent of rosin plus modifying organic acidic material based on the total weight of the ammonia and the rosin plus modifying organic acidic material on a dry basis.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 12 wherein the rosin is modified with from about 5 to 30 percent by weight of the rosin of the organic acidic material and the composition is an aqueous mixture.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 11 wherein the rosin is at least partially saponified.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 14 wherein the sizing composition contains from about 4 to 60 percent ammonia and from about 96 to 40 percent rosin plus modifying organic acidic material, based on the total weight of the ammonia and the rosin plus modifying organic acidic material on a dry basis.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 15 wherein the rosin is modified with from about 9 to 30 percent by weight of the rosin of the organic acidic material and the composition is an aqueous mixture.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the rosin is tall oil rosin and is at least partially saponified.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 17 wherein said rosin is modified with from about 5 to 50 percent by weight of the rosin of said organic acidic material.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said first composition component comprises from about 25 to 85 weight percent and said second composition component comprises from about 75 to about 15 weight percent of their mixture on a dry weight basis.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process of claim 19 wherein the first component contains a urea-Lewis acid reaction product and wherein the Lewis acid reacted with the urea comprises from about 0.2 to about 8 percent by weight of the urea.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 20 wherein the composition is an aqueous mixture.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 21 wherein the composition contains at least about 25 weight percent water.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the Lewis acid is selected from para-toluenesulfonic acid and paratoluenesulfonyl chloride.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 22 wherein ammonia is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to provide a pH of about 6.6 to about 10.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 22 wherein ammonium salt is added to the composition to provide a weight ratio of ammonium salt to the urea of from about 4 to 1 to about 1 to 2.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 25 wherein the added ammonium salt is ammonium sulfate.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 26 wherein the Lewis acid is para-toluenesulfonic acid.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
79 words
The process of claim 22 wherein said sizing composition contains about 3 to 30 percent ammonia, from about 4 to 72 percent ammonium salt and from about 93 to 25 percent rosin plus modifying organic acidic material, based on the total weight of the ammonia, the ammonium salt and the rosin plus modifying organic acidic material on a dry basis, and wherein the composition is prepared using an ammonium salt to ammonia ratio greater than about 1 to 1.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the ammonium salt comprises ammonium salt added to the composition as ammonium salt.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 29 wherein the added ammonium salt is ammonium sulfate and is used in a weight ratio of ammonium salt to urea of from about 4 to 1 to about 1 to 2.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 30 wherein the Lewis acid is para-toluenesulfonic acid.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the Lewis acid is para-toluenesulfonic acid.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
15 words
A sizing composition prepared in accordance with the process of claims 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
12 words
A sizing composition prepared in accordance with the process of claim 7.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
12 words
A sizing composition prepared in accordance with the process of claim 10.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
12 words
A sizing composition prepared in accordance with the process of claim 16.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
12 words
A sizing composition prepared in accordance with the process of claim 18.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
12 words
A sizing composition prepared in accordance with the process of claim 20.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
12 words
A sizing composition prepared in accordance with the process of claim 27.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
29 words
Cellulosic products sized with from about 0.05 to 4 percent by dry weight of the cellulosic product fibers of a sizing composition produced by the process of claim 1.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
35 words
The cellulosic product of claim 40 which is paper and wherein the rosin is modified with an organic acidic material selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, and their mixtures.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
18 words
The paper of claim 41 wherein the rosin is tall oil rosin and is at least partially saponified.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
26 words
The paper of claim 42 wherein said rosin is modified with from about 5 to 30 percent by weight of rosin of said organic acidic material.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
27 words
Paper sized with from about 0.05 to 4 percent by dry weight of the paper fibers of a sizing composition produced by the process of claim 20.