Patent US3040994A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US4469589A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4469589A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Catalyst and process for conversion of hydrocarbons
Assignee: WR Grace and Co Conn
•
Filing: 1983-05-16
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Granted: 1984-09-04
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Expires: 2003-05-16
Abstract
Abstract An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one spinel, preferably alkaline earth metal-containing spinel; thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxides exiting the catalyst regeneration zone. Improved hydrocarbon conversion catalysts are also disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Jin S. Yoo
- 👤 John A. Jaecker
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 17:05
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J23/00; B01J23/005; B01J21/00; B01J21/005; B01J37/00; B01J37/04; C; C10; C10G; C10G11/00; C10G11/02; C10G11/04; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S502/00; Y10S502/524
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 57
Claim 1
Independent Claim
241 words
In a hydrocarbon conversion process for converting a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which comprises (1) contacting said feedstock with solid particles capable of promoting the conversion of said feedstock at hydrocarbon conversion conditions in at least one reaction zone to produce at least one hydrocarbon product and to cause deactivating sulfur-containing carbonaceous material to be formed on said solid particles thereby forming deposit-containing particles; (2) contacting said deposit-containing particles with an oxygen-containing vaporous medium at conditions to combust at least a portion of said carbonaceous deposit material in at least one regeneration zone to thereby regenerate at least a portion of the hydrocarbon conversion catalytic activity of said solid particles and to form a regeneration zone flue gas containing sulfur trioxide; and (3) repeating steps (1) and (2) periodically, the improvement which comprises, using, in intimate admixture with said solid particles, a minor amount of discrete entities having a composition different from said solid particles and comprising at least one metal-containing spinel including a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of said first metal, the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.17 and said spinel having a surface area in the range of about 25 m 2 /gm. to about 600 m 2 /gm., said discrete entities being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides in said flue gas.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
241 words
In a hydrocarbon conversion process for converting a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which comprises (1) contacting said feedstock with solid particles capable of promoting the conversion of said feedstock at hydrocarbon conversion conditions in at least one reaction zone to produce at least one hydrocarbon product and to cause deactivating sulfur-containing carbonaceous material to be formed on said solid particles thereby forming deposit-containing particles; (2) contacting said deposit-containing particles with an oxygen-containing vaporous medium at conditions to combust at least a portion of said carbonaceous deposit material in at least one regeneration zone to thereby regenerate at least a portion of the hydrocarbon conversion catalytic activity of said solid particles and to form a regeneration zone flue gas containing sulfur trioxide; and (3) repeating steps (1) and (2) periodically, the improvement which comprises, using, in intimate admixture with said solid particles, a minor amount of discrete entities having a composition different from said solid particles and comprising at least one metal-containing spinel including a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of said first metal, the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.17 and said spinel having a surface area in the range of about 25 m 2 /gm. to about 600 m 2 /gm., said discrete entities being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides in said flue gas.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said conversion comprises hydrocarbon cracking in the substantial absence of added molecular hydrogen, said solid particles and discrete entities being fluidizable and circulating between said reaction zone and said regeneration zone.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock contains about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight of sulfur.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said discrete entities contains at least about 70% by weight of said spinel.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 2 wherein at least one of said solid particles and discrete entities further comprise a minor, catalytically effective amount of at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said additional metal component is at least one platinum group metal component.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said spinel comprises alkaline earth metal-containing spinel and the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.2.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said spinel comprises alkaline earth metal-containing spinel and the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.25.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said solid particles are separate from said discrete entities and the relative amounts of said solid particles and said discrete entities are in the range of about 80 parts to about 99 parts and about 1 part to about 20 parts by weight, respectively.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said solid particles comprise at least one crystalline aluminosilicate capable of promoting hydrocarbon cracking at the conditions of step (1).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said spinel includes magnesium and aluminum and the atomic ratio of magnesium to aluminum in said spinel is in the range of about 0.25 to about 0.75.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said discrete entities contain at least about 90% by weight of said spinel.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
61 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said discrete entities further comprise at least one platinum group metal component in an amount of about 0.05 ppm. to about 1% by weight of said discrete entities, calculated as elemental metal, said platinum group metal component being capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
61 words
The process of claim 11 wherein said discrete entities further comprise at least one platinum group metal component in an amount of about 0.05 ppm. to about 1% by weight of said discrete entities, calculated as elemental metal, said platinum group metal component being capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 7 wherein at least one of said solid particles and discrete entities further comprise a minor, catalytically effective amount of at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 9 wherein at least one of said solid particles and discrete entities further comprise a minor, catalytically effective amount of at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 11 wherein the atomic ratio of magnesium to aluminum in said spinel is in the range of about 0.35 to about 0.65.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 11 wherein the atomic ratio of magnesium to aluminum in said spinel is in the range of about 0.45 to about 0.55.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said discrete entities further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said discrete entities further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 9 wherein said discrete entities further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 11 wherein said discrete entities further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said spinel has a surface area in the range of about 40 m 2 /gm. to about 400 m 2 /gm.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 11 wherein said spinel has a surface area in the range of about 50 m 2 /gm. to about 300 m 2 /gm.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said solid particles and said discrete entities are both present in combined particles.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
125 words
In a process for combusting solid, sulfur-containing material by contacting said material with gaseous oxygen in a combustion zone at combustion conditions to produce combustion products including at least one sulfur oxide, the improvement comprising carrying out said contacting in the presence of discrete particles containing a metal-containing spinel, thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxide emitted from said combustion zone, said metal containing spinel including a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of said first metal, the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.17 and said spinel has a surface area in the range of about 25 m 2 /gm. to about 600 m 2 /gm.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
125 words
In a process for combusting solid, sulfur-containing material by contacting said material with gaseous oxygen in a combustion zone at combustion conditions to produce combustion products including at least one sulfur oxide, the improvement comprising carrying out said contacting in the presence of discrete particles containing a metal-containing spinel, thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxide emitted from said combustion zone, said metal containing spinel including a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of said first metal, the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.17 and said spinel has a surface area in the range of about 25 m 2 /gm. to about 600 m 2 /gm.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
223 words
In a hydrocarbon conversion process for converting a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which comprises (1) contacting said feedstock with solid particles capable of promoting the conversion of said feedstock at hydrocarbon conversion conditions in at least one reaction zone to produce at least one hydrocarbon product and to cause deactivating sulfur-containing carbonaceous material to be formed on said solid particles thereby forming deposit-containing particles; (2) contacting said deposit-containing particles with an oxygen-containing vaporous medium at conditions to combust at least a portion of said carbonaceous deposit material in at least one regeneration zone to thereby regenerate at least a portion of the hydrocarbon conversion catalytic activity of said solid particles and to form a regeneration zone flue gas containing sulfur trioxide; and (3) repeating steps (1) and (2) periodically, the improvement which comprises, using, in intimate admixture with said solid particles, a minor amount of discrete entities having a composition different from said solid particles and comprising a major amount of at least one metal-containing spinel including a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of said first metal, the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.17, said discrete entities being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides in said flue gas.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
223 words
In a hydrocarbon conversion process for converting a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which comprises (1) contacting said feedstock with solid particles capable of promoting the conversion of said feedstock at hydrocarbon conversion conditions in at least one reaction zone to produce at least one hydrocarbon product and to cause deactivating sulfur-containing carbonaceous material to be formed on said solid particles thereby forming deposit-containing particles; (2) contacting said deposit-containing particles with an oxygen-containing vaporous medium at conditions to combust at least a portion of said carbonaceous deposit material in at least one regeneration zone to thereby regenerate at least a portion of the hydrocarbon conversion catalytic activity of said solid particles and to form a regeneration zone flue gas containing sulfur trioxide; and (3) repeating steps (1) and (2) periodically, the improvement which comprises, using, in intimate admixture with said solid particles, a minor amount of discrete entities having a composition different from said solid particles and comprising a major amount of at least one metal-containing spinel including a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of said first metal, the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.17, said discrete entities being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides in said flue gas.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process of claim 27 wherein said conversion comprises hydrocarbon cracking in the substantial absence of added molecular hydrogen, said solid particles and discrete entities being fluidizable and circulating between said reaction zone and said regeneration zone.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock contains about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight of sulfur.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said discrete entities contains at least about 70% by weight of said spinel.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 28 wherein at least one of said solid particles and discrete entities further comprise a minor, catalytically effective amount of at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 31 wherein said additional metal component is at least one platinum group metal component.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said spinel comprises alkaline earth metal-containing spinel and the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.2.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 31 wherein said spinel comprises alkaline earth metal-containing spinel and the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.25.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said solid particles are separate from said discrete entities and the relative amounts of said solid particles and said discrete entities are in the range of about 80 parts to about 99 parts and about 1 part to about 20 parts by weight, respectively.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said solid particles comprise art least one crystalline aluminosilicate capable of promoting hydrocarbon cracking at the conditions of step (1).
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said spinel includes magnesium and aluminum and the atomic ratio of magnesium to aluminum in said spinel is in the range of about 0.25 to about 0.75.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said discrete entities contain at least about 90% by weight of said spinel.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
61 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said discrete entities further comprise at least one platinum group metal component in an amount of about 0.05 ppm. to about 1% by weight of said discrete entities, calculated as elemental metal, said platinum group metal component being capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
61 words
The process of claim 37 wherein said discrete entities further comprise at least one platinum group metal component in an amount of about 0.05 ppm. to about 1% by weight of said discrete entities, calculated as elemental metal, said platinum group metal component being capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 33 wherein at least one of said solid particles and discrete entities further comprise a minor, catalytically effective amount of at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 35 wherein at least one of said solid particles and discrete entities further comprise a minor, catalytically effective amount of at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at the conditions of step (2).
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 37 wherein the atomic ratio of magnesium to aluminum in said spinel is in the range of about 0.35 to about 0.65.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 37 wherein the atomic ratio of magnesium to aluminum in said spinel is in the range of about 0.45 to about 0.55.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 27 wherein said discrete entities further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said discrete entities further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 37 wherein said discrete entities further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 27 wherein said solid particles and said discrete entities are both present in combined particles.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
107 words
In a process for combusting solid, sulfur-containing material by contacting said material with a gaseous oxygen in a combustion zone at combustion conditions to produce combustion products including at least one sulfur oxide, the improvement comprising carrying out said contacting in the presence of discrete particles containing a major amount of metal-containing spinel, whereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxide emitted from said combustion zone, said metal containing spinel including a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of said first metal, the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.17.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
107 words
In a process for combusting solid, sulfur-containing material by contacting said material with a gaseous oxygen in a combustion zone at combustion conditions to produce combustion products including at least one sulfur oxide, the improvement comprising carrying out said contacting in the presence of discrete particles containing a major amount of metal-containing spinel, whereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxide emitted from said combustion zone, said metal containing spinel including a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of said first metal, the atomic ratio of said first metal to said second metal in said spinel is at least about 0.17.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 26 wherein said discrete particles further comprise a minor catalytically effective amount of at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at said combustion conditions.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 26 wherein said discrete particles further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 49 wherein said discrete particles further comprise a minor catalytically effective amount of at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at said combustion conditions.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 49 wherein said discrete particles further comprise about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of free magnesia, calculated as MgO.
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-09-04 | 1988-03-05 | 1988-09-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-09-04 | 1992-03-05 | 1992-09-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-09-04 | 1996-03-05 | 1996-09-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |