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US4464451A
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Electrophotographic image-forming member having aluminum oxide layer on a substrate
Assignee: Canon Inc
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Filing: 1982-01-29
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Granted: 1984-08-07
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Expires: 2002-01-29
Abstract
Abstract An electrophotographic image-forming member comprises a substrate for electrophotography and an amorphous layer which is laid on said substrate and constituted of silicon atoms as matrix containing at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom and exhibits photoconductivity, said substrate being constituted of aluminum oxide containing chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof, and said amorphous layer having a layer region containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom and carbon atom in at least a part thereof, the content of said member in said layer region being distributed unevenly in the direction of the thickness of said layer.
Inventors
- 👤 Shigeru Shirai
- 👤 Junichiro Kanbe
- 👤 Tadaji Fukuda
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 15:20
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G5/00; G03G5/14; G03G5/142; G03G5/144; G03G5/02; G03G5/04; G03G5/08; G03G5/082; G03G5/08214; G03G5/08221; G03G5/08228
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 172
Claim 1
Independent Claim
105 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member, comprising a substrate for electrophotography and an amorphous layer which is laid on said substrate and comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom and exhibits photoconductivity, said substrate comprising aluminum oxide containing chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof, and said amorphous layer having a layer region containing at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom and carbon atom in at least a part thereof, the content of said atom in said layer region being distributed unevenly in the direction of the thickness of said layer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
105 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member, comprising a substrate for electrophotography and an amorphous layer which is laid on said substrate and comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom and exhibits photoconductivity, said substrate comprising aluminum oxide containing chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof, and said amorphous layer having a layer region containing at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom and carbon atom in at least a part thereof, the content of said atom in said layer region being distributed unevenly in the direction of the thickness of said layer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the layer region has a peak of the content of said atom distributed in the thickness direction of said layer.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 2, wherein said atom is oxygen atom.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 2, wherein said atom is nitrogen atom.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 2, wherein said atom is carbon atom.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein said atom is oxygen atom.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
52 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 6, wherein the distribution profile of the content of oxygen atom within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has the maximum value of distribution C max on the side of the surface of the amorphous layer opposite to the side of said substrate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 7, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.3 to 67 atomic %.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 7, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.3 to 67 atomic % and the total content of oxygen atom in the layer region is 0.05 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 6, wherein the distribution profile of the content of oxygen atom within the layer region in the layer thickness direction has the maximum value of distribution C max on the side of the support.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 10, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.3 to 67 atomic %.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 10, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.3 to 67 atomic % and the total of nitrogen atom in the layer region is 0.05 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
123 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 6, wherein the amorphous layer is constituted of a lower layer region in which the content of oxygen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 1 , an upper layer region in which the content of oxygen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 2 and an intermediate layer region sandwiched between both of said layers, in which the content of oxygen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 3 , the values of C 1 and C 2 being respectively greater than the value of C 3 .
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 13, wherein values of the distribution contents C 1 and C 2 range from 11 to 66 atomic %, and a value of the distribution content C 3 from 0.01 to 10 atomic %.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
54 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 13, wherein the total content of oxygen atom is 0.05 to 30 atomic %, and values of the distribution contents C 1 and C 2 range from 11 to 66 atomic %, and a value of the distribution content C 3 from 0.01 to 10 atomic %.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
14 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein said atom is nitrogen atom.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
52 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 16, wherein the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen atom within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has the maximum value of distribution C max on the side of the surface of the amorphous layer opposite to the side of said substrate.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 17, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.1 to 60 atomic %.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 17, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.1 to 60 atomic % and the total content of nitrogen atom in the layer region is 0.02 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 6, wherein the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen atom within the layer region in the layer thickness direction has the maximum value of distribution C max on the side of the substrate.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 20, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.1 to 60 atomic %.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 20, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.1 to 60 atomic % and the total content of nitrogen atom in the layer region is 0.02 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
123 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 16, wherein the amorphous layer is constituted of a lower layer region in which the content of nitrogen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 1 , an upper layer region in which the content of nitrogen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 2 and an intermediate layer region sandwiched between both of said layers, in which the content of nitrogen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 3 , the values of C 1 and C 2 being respectively greater than the value of C 3 .
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 23, wherein values of the distribution contents C 1 and C 2 range from 11 to 60 atomic %, and a value of the distribution content C 3 from 0.005 to 10 atomic %.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
58 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 23, wherein the total content of nitrogen atom in the amorphous layer is 0.02 to 30 atomic %, and values of the distribution contents C 1 and C 2 range from 11 to 60 atomic %, and a value of the distribution content C 3 from 0.005 to 10 atomic %.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein said atom is carbon atom.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
52 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 26, wherein the distribution profile of the content of carbon atom within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has the maximum value of distribution C max on the side of the surface of the amorphous layer opposite to the side of said substrate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 27, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.03 to 90 atomic %.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 27, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.03 to 90 atomic % and the total content of carbon atoms in the layer region is 0.005 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 26, wherein the distribution profile of the content of carbon atom within the layer region in the layer thickness direction has the maximum value of distribution C max on the side of the substrate.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 30, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.03 to 90 atomic %.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 30, wherein the maximum value of distribution C max is 0.03 to 90 atomic % and the total content of carbon atom in the layer region is 0.005 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
123 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 26, wherein the amorphous layer is constituted of a lower layer region in which the content of carbon atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 1 , an upper layer region in which the content of carbon atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 2 and an intermediate layer region sandwiched between both of said layers, in which the content of carbon atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 3 , the values of C 1 and C 2 being respectively greater than the value of C 3 .
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 33, wherein values of the distribution content C 1 and C 2 range from 11 to 90 atomic %, and a value of the distribution content C 3 from 0.01 to 10 atomic %.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
54 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 33, wherein the total content of carbon atom is 0.005 to 30 atomic %, and values of the distribution contents C 1 and C 2 range from 11 to 90 atomic %, and a value of the distribution content C 3 from 0.001 to 10 atomic %.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
21 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous layer contains an impurity which controls the electric conduction type.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 36, wherein the impurity is a p-type impurity.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 37, wherein the p-type impurity is an element in the group III A of the periodic table.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 38, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In and Tl.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 37, wherein the content of the p-type impurity is 3×10 -2 atomic % or less.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 36, wherein the impurity is a n-type impurity.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 41, wherein the n-type impurity is an element in the group V A of the periodic table.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 42, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of N, P, As, Sb and Bi.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous layer has a thickness of 3 to 100μ.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein there is further provided an intermediate layer between the support and the amorphous layer.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 45, wherein the intermediate layer is a barrier layer.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 45, wherein the intermediate layer comprises an amorphous material comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one atom selected from the group consisting of carbon atom, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material further contains at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula Si a C 1-a wherein a is 0.1 to 0.4.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si b C 1-b ) c H 1-c wherein b is 0.1 to 0.5 and c is 0.6 to 0.99.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si d C 1-d ) e X 1-e wherein X represents a halogen atom, d is 0.1 to 0.47 and e is 0.8 to 0.99.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si f C 1-f ) g (H+X) 1-g wherein X represents a halogen atom, f is 0.1 to 0.47 and g is 0.8 to 0.99.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula Si h N 1-h wherein h is 0.43 to 0.6.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si i N 1-i ) j H 1-j wherein i is 0.43 to 0.6 and j is 0.65 to 0.98.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si k N 1-k ) l X 1-l wherein X represents a halogen atom, k is 0.43 to 0.60 and l is 0.8 to 0.99.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si m N 1-m ) n (H+X) 1-n wherein X represents a halogen atom, m is 0.43 to 0.60 and n is 0.8 to 0.99.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula Si o O 1-o wherein o is 0.33 to 0.40.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si p O 1-p ) q H 1-q wherein p is 0.33 to 0.40 and g is 0.65 to 0.98.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si r O 1-r ) s X 1-s wherein X represents a halogen atom, r is 0.33 to 0.40 and s is 0.80 to 0.89.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 47, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si t O 1-t ) u (H+X) 1-u wherein X represents a halogen atom, t is 0.33 is 0.40 and u is 0.80 to 0.99.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
18 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 45, wherein the intermediate layer comprises an electrically insulating metal oxide.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 45, wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness of 30 to 1000 Å.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein there is further provided an upper layer on the amorphous layer.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 63, wherein the upper layer is a barrier layer.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 63, wherein the upper layer comprises an amorphous material comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one atom selected from the group consisting of carbon atom, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material further contains at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula Si a C 1-a wherein a is 0.1 to 0.4.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si b C 1-b ) c H 1-c wherein b is 0.1 to 0.5 and c is 0.6 to 0.99.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si d C 1-d ) e X 1-e wherein X represents a halogen atom, d is 0.1 to 0.47 and e is 0.8 to 0.99.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si f C 1-f ) g (H+X) 1-g wherein X represents a halogen atom, f is 0.1 to 0.47 and g is 0.8 to 0.99.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula Si h N 1-h wherein h is 0.43 to 0.6.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si i N 1-i ) j H 1-j wherein i is 0.43 to 0.6 and j is 0.65 to 0.98.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si k N 1-k ) l X 1-l wherein X represents a halogen atom, k is 0.43 to 0.60 and l is 0.8 to 0.99.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si m N 1-m ) n (H+X) 1-n wherein X represents a halogen atom, m is 0.43 to 0.60 and n is 0.8 to 0.99.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula Si o O 1-o wherein o is 0.33 to 0.40.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si p O 1-p ) q H 1-q wherein p is 0.33 to 0.40 and q is 0.65 to 0.98.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si r O 1-r ) s X 1-s wherein X represents a halogen atom, r is 0.33 to 0.40 and s is 0.80 to 0.89.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 65, wherein the amorphous material is represented by the formula (Si t O 1-t ) u (H+X) 1-u wherein X represents a halogen atom, t is 0.33 to 0.40 and u is 0.80 to 0.99.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to 63, wherein the upper layer comprises an electrically insulating metal oxide.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to 63, wherein the upper layer comprises an electrically insulating metal oxide.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 63, wherein the upper layer has a thickness of 30 Å to 5μ.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the content of hydrogen atom in the amorphous layer is 1 to 40 atomic %.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the content of halogen atom in the amorphous layer is 1 to 40 atomic %.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
21 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein both hydrogen atom and halogen atom are contained in the amorphous layer.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
25 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 83, wherein the sum of contents of hydrogen atom and halogen atom is 1 to 40 atomic %.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 84, wherein the content of hydrogen atoms is 19 atomic % or less.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 6, wherein the content of oxygen atom in the layer region is 0.05 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 16, wherein the content of nitrogen atom in the layer region is 0.02 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 26, wherein the content of carbon atom in the layer region is 0.005 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
66 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member, comprising a substrate for an electrophotographic image-forming member said chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof and an amorphous layer which comprises silicon atoms as matrix and exhibits photoconductivity, said amorphous layer containing oxygen atoms and the distribution profile of content of oxygen atoms being uneven in the direction of the layer thickness and having a maximum value C max .
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
66 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member, comprising a substrate for an electrophotographic image-forming member said chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof and an amorphous layer which comprises silicon atoms as matrix and exhibits photoconductivity, said amorphous layer containing oxygen atoms and the distribution profile of content of oxygen atoms being uneven in the direction of the layer thickness and having a maximum value C max .
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the content of oxygen atom in the amorphous layer is 0.05 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
32 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the amorphous layer further contains at least one atom selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and halogen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the maximum value C max in the content distribution of oxygen atom is 0.3 to 67 atomic %.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 6 or claim 89, wherein there is at least one portion in which the content distribution of oxygen atom is continuously decreased.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
123 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the amorphous layer is constituted of a lower layer region in which the content of oxygen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 1 , an upper layer region in which the content of oxygen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 2 and an intermediate layer region sandwiched between both of said layers, in which the content of oxygen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 3 , the values of C 1 and C 2 being respectively greater than the value of C 3 .
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 9 or claim 94, wherein C 1 and C 2 are substantially equal.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 13 or claim 94, wherein C 1 and C 2 are different.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
71 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member, comprising a support for a photoconductive member, said substrate comprising aluminum oxide containing chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof and an amorphous layer which comprises silicon atoms as matrix and exhibits photoconductivity, said amorphous layer containing nitrogen atoms and the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen atom being uneven in the direction of the layer thickness and having a maximum value C max .
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
71 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member, comprising a support for a photoconductive member, said substrate comprising aluminum oxide containing chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof and an amorphous layer which comprises silicon atoms as matrix and exhibits photoconductivity, said amorphous layer containing nitrogen atoms and the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen atom being uneven in the direction of the layer thickness and having a maximum value C max .
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the content of nitrogen atom in the amorphous layer is 0.02 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
32 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the amorphous layer further contains at least one atom selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and halogen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the maximum value C max in the content distribution of nitrogen atom is 0.1 to 60 atomic %.
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 16 or claim 97, wherein there is at least one portion in which the content distribution of nitrogen atom is continuously decreased.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
123 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the amorphous layer is constituted of a lower layer region in which the content of nitrogen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 1 , an upper layer region in which the content of nitrogen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 2 and an intermediate layer region sandwiched between both of said layers, in which the content of nitrogen atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 3 , the values of C 1 and C 2 being respectively greater than the value of C 3 .
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 23 or claim 97, wherein C 1 and C 2 are substantially equal.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 23 or claim 97, wherein C 1 and C 2 are different.
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
71 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member, comprising a substrate for a photoconductive member said substrate comprising aluminum oxide containing chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof and an amorphous layer which comprises silicon atoms as matrix and exhibits photoconductivity, said amorphous layer containing carbon atoms and the distribution profile of the content of carbon atom being uneven in the direction of the layer thickness and having a maximum value C max .
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
71 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member, comprising a substrate for a photoconductive member said substrate comprising aluminum oxide containing chemi-structurally water at least on the surface thereof and an amorphous layer which comprises silicon atoms as matrix and exhibits photoconductivity, said amorphous layer containing carbon atoms and the distribution profile of the content of carbon atom being uneven in the direction of the layer thickness and having a maximum value C max .
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 105, wherein the content of carbon atom in the amorphous layer is 0.005 to 30 atomic %.
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
31 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 105, wherein the amorphous layer further contains at least one atom selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and halogen as constituent elements.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 105, wherein the maximum value C max in the content distribution of carbon atom is 0.03 to 90 atomic %.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 26 or claim 105, wherein there is at least one portion in which the content distribution of carbon atom is continuously decreased.
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
123 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 105, wherein the amorphous layer is constituted of a lower layer region in which the content of carbon atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 1 , an upper layer region in which the content of carbon atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 2 and an intermediate layer region sandwiched between both of said layers, in which the content of carbon atom is distributed substantially uniformly in the layer thickness direction at a distribution content of C 3 , the values of C 1 and C 2 being respectively greater than the value of C 3 .
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 33 or claim 110, wherein C 1 and C 2 are substantially equal.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 33 or claim 110, wherein C 1 and C 2 are different.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the distribution profile of the content of said atoms within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward the side of the support.
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the distribution profile of the content of said atoms within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward the side opposite to the side of the support.
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the distribution profile of the content of said atoms within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has two portions in which said content increases toward each of the both end sides of said layer.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the distribution profile of the content of said atoms within said layer region in the layer thickness direction is concave.
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
40 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the distribution profile of the content of oxygen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward the side of the support.
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
44 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the distribution profile of the content of oxygen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward the side opposite to the side of the support.
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
44 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the distribution profile of the content of oxygen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward each of the both end sides of said layer.
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the distribution profile of the content of oxygen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction is concave.
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
40 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward the side of the support.
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
44 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward the side opposite to the side of the support.
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
44 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has two portions in which said content increases toward each of the both end sides of said layer.
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction is concave.
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
40 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the distribution profile of the content of carbon within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward the side of the support.
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
44 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the distribution profile of the content of carbon within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has a portion in which said content increases toward the side opposite to the side of the support.
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
44 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the distribution profile of the content of carbon within said layer region in the layer thickness direction has two portions in which said content increases toward each of the both end sides of said layer.
Claim 133
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 1, wherein the distribution profile of the content of nitrogen within said layer region in the layer thickness direction is concave.
Claim 134
Dependent Claim
21 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the amorphous layer contains an impurity which controls the electric conduction type.
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 129, wherein the impurity is a p-type impurity.
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 130, wherein the p-type impurity is an element in Group III A of the Periodic Table.
Claim 137
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 131, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In and Tl.
Claim 138
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 130, wherein the content of the p-type impurity is 3×10 -2 atomic % or less.
Claim 139
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 129, wherein the impurity is an n-type impurity.
Claim 140
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 134, wherein the n-type impurity is an element in Group V A of the Periodic Table.
Claim 141
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 135, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of N, P, As, Sb and Bi.
Claim 142
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein the amorphous layer has a thickness of 3 to 100μ.
Claim 143
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 89, wherein there is further provided an intermediate layer between the support and the amorphous layer.
Claim 144
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 138, wherein the intermediate layer is a barrier layer.
Claim 145
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 138, wherein the intermediate layer comprises an amorphous material comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one atom selected from the group consisting of carbon atom, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 146
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 140, wherein the amorphous material further contains at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 147
Dependent Claim
21 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the amorphous layer contains an impurity which controls the electric conduction type.
Claim 148
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 142, wherein the impurity is a p-type impurity.
Claim 149
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 143, wherein the p-type impurity is an element in Group III A of the Periodic Table.
Claim 150
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 144, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In and Tl.
Claim 151
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 143, wherein the content of the p-type impurity is 3×10 10-2 atomic % or less.
Claim 152
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 142, wherein the impurity is an n-type impurity.
Claim 153
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 147, wherein the n-type impurity is an element in Group V A of the Periodic Table.
Claim 154
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 148, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of N, P, As, Sb and Bi.
Claim 155
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein the amorphous layer has a thickness of 3 to 100μ.
Claim 156
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 97, wherein there is further provided an intermediate layer between the support and the amorphous layer.
Claim 157
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 151, wherein the intermediate layer is a barrier layer.
Claim 158
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 151, wherein the intermediate layer comprises an amorphous material comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one atom selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 159
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 153, wherein the amorphous material further contains at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 160
Dependent Claim
21 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 105, wherein the amorphous layer contains an impurity which controls the electric conduction type.
Claim 161
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 155, wherein the impurity is a p-type impurity.
Claim 162
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 156, wherein the p-type impurity is an element in Group III A of the Periodic Table.
Claim 163
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 157, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In and Tl.
Claim 164
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 156, wherein the content of the p-type impurity is 3×10 -2 atomic % or less.
Claim 165
Dependent Claim
15 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 155, wherein the impurity is an n-type impurity.
Claim 166
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 160, wherein the n-type impurity is an element in Group V A of the Periodic Table.
Claim 167
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 161, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of N, P, As, Sb and Bi.
Claim 168
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 105, wherein the amorphous layer has a thickness of 3 to 100μ.
Claim 169
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 105, wherein there is further provided an intermediate layer between the support and the amorphous layer.
Claim 170
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 164, wherein the intermediate layer is a barrier layer.
Claim 171
Dependent Claim
43 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 164, wherein the intermediate layer comprises of an amorphous material comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one atom selected from the group consisting of carbon atom, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom as constituent elements.
Claim 172
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrophotographic image-forming member according to claim 166, wherein the amorphous material further contains at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom as constituent elements.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-08-07 | 1988-02-06 | 1988-08-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-08-07 | 1992-02-06 | 1992-08-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-08-07 | 1996-02-06 | 1996-08-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |