Patent US4449353A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4449353A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Gut string for sports rackets
Assignee: UNITED STATES TENNIS GUT ASSOCIATION Inc
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Filing: 1982-08-06
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Granted: 1984-05-22
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Expires: 2002-08-06
Abstract
Abstract A natural gut string for sports rackets comprises at least two gut strands, each strand of which comprises a plurality of gut ribbons twisted together in a first direction, which strands are combined and re-twisted together in a direction opposite to the first direction. In a process for making the gut strings, the gut ribbons and gut strands are preferably twisted under tension.
Inventors
- 👤 Amad Tayebi
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 17:24
CPC Classifications
D; D02; D02G; D02G3/00; D02G3/02; D02G3/10; A; A63; A63B; A63B51/00; A63B51/02; D02G3/22; D02G3/26; D02G3/28; D02G3/44; D02G3/444; A63B51/026
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 55
Claim 1
Independent Claim
40 words
A gut string for sports rackets, comprising at least two gut strands, each strand comprising a plurality of gut ribbons twisted together in a first direction, which strands are combined and retwisted in a direction opposite to the first direction.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
40 words
A gut string for sports rackets, comprising at least two gut strands, each strand comprising a plurality of gut ribbons twisted together in a first direction, which strands are combined and retwisted in a direction opposite to the first direction.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
50 words
The gut string of claim 1, wherein the gut ribbons comprising the gut strands are twisted together in the first direction at 0.25-8.0 turns per inch and the gut strands comprising the gut string are retwisted together at 0.25-4.0 turns per inch in the direction opposite to the first direction.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
50 words
The gut string of claim 1, wherein the gut ribbons comprising the gut strands are twisted together in the first direction at 1.5-4 turns per inch and the gut strands comprising the gut string are retwisted together at 0.5-2.0 turns per inch in the direction opposite to the first direction.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The gut string of claim 1, wherein the angle of orientation (φ) of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is less than 15°.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
32 words
The gut string of claim 1, wherein the angle of orientation φ of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is less than 5°.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
31 words
The gut string of claim 1, wherein the angle of orientation φ of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is approximately 0°.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The gut string of claim 1, wherein each gut strand contains 6-8 gut ribbons.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
11 words
The gut string of claim 1, which comprises two gut strands.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
The gut string of claim 1, which comprises 2 gut strands each of 6-8 gut ribbons.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
50 words
The gut string of claim 9, wherein the gut ribbons comprising the gut strands are twisted together in the first direction at 1.5-4 turns per inch and the gut strands comprising the gut string are retwisted together at 0.5-2.0 turns per inch in the direction opposite to the first direction.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
The gut string of claim 9, wherein the angle of orientation (φ) of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is less than 15°.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
The gut string of claim 9, wherein the angle of orientation (φ) of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is less than 5°.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
The gut string of claim 9, wherein the angle of orientation (φ) of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is approximately 0°.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
The gut string of claim 1, covered with filamentary aramid reinforcement and impregnated with at least one coating of water-resistant, vapor-impermeable, wear resistant, flexible, smooth adhesive polymeric resin.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
18 words
The gut string of claim 14, wherein the filamentary aramid reinforcement is helically wound around the gut string.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
17 words
The gut string of claim 14, wherein the filamentary aramid reinforcement is braided over the gut string.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
43 words
The gut string of claim 16 wherein, at least one element of the filamentary reinforcement braided over the gut string is relatively thicker than the other elements so as to provide an integrated slip resistant helical ridge on the outer surface of string.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
The gut string of claim 1, reinforced with filamentary strand elements located along the longitudinal axis of the gut string.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
The gut string of claim 1, impregnated with at least one coating of water-resistant adhesive polymeric resin.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
The gut string of claim 19, wherein the adhesive resin is an air-curing polyurethane resin and two or three coatings of said resin are used.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The gut string of claim 1, wherein the gut ribbons in the string have an average tensile strength above 12.5 lb. per inch of ribbon width.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
37 words
The gut string of claim 1, which comprises 2 gut strands, each of 6-8 gut ribbons, covered with filamentary aramid reinforcement and impregnated with at least one coating of water-resistant, vapor-impermeable, wear-resistant, flexible, smooth adhesive polymeric resin.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
32 words
The gut string of claim 22, wherein the angle of orientation (φ) of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is less than 15°.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
32 words
The gut string of claim 22, wherein the angle of orientation (φ) of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is less than 5°.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
31 words
The gut string of claim 22, wherein the angle of orientation (φ) of the outermost layer gut ribbons with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gut string is approximately 0°.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
26 words
The gut string of claim 25, wherein the gut ribbons in the string have an average tensile strength above 12.5 lb. per inch of ribbon width.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
86 words
A process for making a gut string for sports rackets, comprising the steps of: (a) assembling strands of a plurality of wet parallel-laid natural gut ribbons and individually twisting the thus-assembled wet strands in a first direction, (b) assembling at least two strands assembled and twisted in step (a) and retwisting the thus-assembled wet strands in a direction opposite to the first direction to form a wet gut string and (c) drying the wet gut string of (b) under a tension of at least 5 lb.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
86 words
A process for making a gut string for sports rackets, comprising the steps of: (a) assembling strands of a plurality of wet parallel-laid natural gut ribbons and individually twisting the thus-assembled wet strands in a first direction, (b) assembling at least two strands assembled and twisted in step (a) and retwisting the thus-assembled wet strands in a direction opposite to the first direction to form a wet gut string and (c) drying the wet gut string of (b) under a tension of at least 5 lb.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
64 words
The process of claim 27, wherein each strand comprises approximately the same number of wet natural gut ribbons and the gut ribbons are of approximately equal length, wherein the wet strands are twisted during step (a) in the first direction at 0.25-8.0 turns per inch and the wet strands assembled in step (b) are retwisted in the opposite direction at 0.25-4.0 turns per inch.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
64 words
The process of claim 27, wherein each strand comprises approximately the same number of wet natural gut ribbons and the gut ribbons are of approximately equal length, wherein the wet strands are twisted during step (a) in the first direction at 1.5-4 turns per inch and the wet strands assembled in step (b) are retwisted in the opposite direction at 0.5-2 turns per inch.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the wet strands of natural gut ribbons are twisted and retwisted under a tension of at least 5 lb.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the wet gut string produced in step (b) is dried under a tension of 15-30 lb.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the gut string comprises two strands, each of 6-8 natural gut ribbons.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
54 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the gut string comprises two strands, each of 6-8 gut ribbons; wherein the wet strands are twisted during step (a) in the first direction at 1.5-4 turns per inch and the wet strands assembled in step (b) are retwisted in the opposite direction at 0.5-2 turns per inch.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
95 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the gut string comprises two strands, each of 6-8 gut ribbons and the gut ribbons are of approximately equal length; wherein the wet strands are twisted during step (a) in the first direction at 1.5-4 turns per inch and the wet strands assembled in step (b) are retwisted in the opposite direction at 0.5-2 turns per inch; wherein the wet strands are twisted and retwisted under a tension of least five lb. and the wet gut string produced in step (b) is dried under a tension of 15-30 lb.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the dried gut string produced in step (c) is coated or impregnated with at least one coating of water-resistant, vapor impermeable, wear resistant, flexible, smooth adhesive polymeric resin.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 35, wherein the polymeric resin is an air-curing polyurethane resin.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
48 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the dried gut string produced in step (c) is coated or impregnated with at least one coating of water-resistant, vapor impermeable, wear resistant, flexible, smooth adhesive polymeric resin and wherein the gut string is covered at least partially with filamentary aramid reinforcement.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 37, wherein the filamentary aramid reinforcement is helically wound around the gut string.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 37, wherein the filamentary aramid reinforcement is braided over the gut string.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
54 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the dried gut string produced in step (c) is coated or impregnated with at least one coating of water-resistant, vapor impermeable, wear resistant, flexible, smooth adhesive polymeric resin, and wherein the gut string is reinforced with filamentary strand elements located along the longitudinal axis of the gut string.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
10 words
A gut string made by the process of claim 27.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
10 words
A gut string made by the process of claim 37.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
10 words
A gut string made by the process of claim 40.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 1.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 3.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 4.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 9.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 10.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 11.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 14.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 17.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 18.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
11 words
A sports racket strung with the gut string of claim 19.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-05-22 | 1987-11-21 | 1988-05-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-05-22 | 1991-11-21 | 1992-05-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-05-22 | 1995-11-21 | 1996-05-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |