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US4440958A
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Method for promoting the activity of cation-exchangeable layered clay and zeolite catalysts in proton-catalysed reactions
Assignee: BP PLC
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Filing: 1981-07-29
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Granted: 1984-04-03
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Expires: 2001-07-29
Abstract
Abstract The activity of cation-exchangeable layered clay or crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst in esterification, etherification, hydration, and cracking reactions is promoted by addition of a strong acid such as sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or para-toluene sulphonic acid. The further addition of water to the reaction can extend the life of the clay catalyst and in some cases its catalytic activity.
Inventors
- 👤 Reginald Gregory
- 👤 David J. Westlake
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 13:45
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10G; C10G11/00; C10G11/02; C10G11/04; C10G11/05; B; B01; B01J; B01J29/00; C07; C07C; C07C29/00; C07C29/03; C07C29/04; C07C41/00; C07C41/01; C07C41/05; C07C41/06; C07C67/00; C07C67/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
40 words
A method for promoting the activity of a cation-exchangeable layered clay or a zeolite catalyst in an esterification reaction which comprises carrying out such as reaction in the presence of said catalyst and in the presence of a strong acid.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
40 words
A method for promoting the activity of a cation-exchangeable layered clay or a zeolite catalyst in an esterification reaction which comprises carrying out such as reaction in the presence of said catalyst and in the presence of a strong acid.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
38 words
A method for promoting the activity of a cation-exchangeable layered clay or a zeolite catalyst in an esterification reacton which comprises reacting an olefin with a carboxylic acid in the presence of said catalyst and a strong acid.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
38 words
A method for promoting the activity of a cation-exchangeable layered clay or a zeolite catalyst in an esterification reacton which comprises reacting an olefin with a carboxylic acid in the presence of said catalyst and a strong acid.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 2 wherein the carboxylic acid is acetic and the ester produced is ethyl acetate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the clay or zeolite is exchanged with one or more of chromium, cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, vanadium, ammonium, magnesium and calcium ions.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the clay or zeolite is exchanged with hydrogen ions.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the reaction is the formation of esters by the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the strong acid is either sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or para-toluene solphonic acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the strong acid is added in an amount up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the reactants.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 8 wherein the strong acid is added in an amount up to 2.0% by weight.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein water is also added.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 10 wherein the water is added in an amount up to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of reactants.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 11 wherein water is added in an amount up to 10% by weight.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said acid is added to a reactant.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-04-03 | 1987-10-03 | 1988-04-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-04-03 | 1991-10-03 | 1992-04-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-04-03 | 1995-10-03 | 1996-04-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |