US4436832A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Process for the preparation of bridged clays, clays prepared by said process, and uses for said clays
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1982-08-26
•
Granted: 1984-03-13
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Expires: 2002-08-26
Abstract
Abstract In a process for the preparation of bridged clays, a mixture of an aqueous solution of at least one metal hydroxide and aqueous clay suspension is subjected to dialysis. Said clays are suited for use as catalysts or as supports for catalysts for the conversion of paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons.
Inventors
- 👤 Pierre Jacobs
- 👤 Georges Poncelet
- 👤 Alain Schutz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 23:04
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J29/00; B01J29/04; B01J29/049; B01J21/00; B01J21/16; C; C01; C01B; C01B33/00; C01B33/20; C01B33/26; C07; C07C; C07C4/00; C07C4/02; C07C4/06; C07C5/00; C07C5/22; C07C5/2206; C07C5/226; C07C5/23; C07C5/25; C07C5/2506; C07C5/2556; C07C5/27; C07C5/2767; C07C5/277; C07C5/2791; C07C2521/00; C07C2521/16; C07C2523/00; C07C2523/38; C07C2523/40; C07C2523/42; C07C2529/00; C07C2529/04; C07C2529/05
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 47
Claim 1
Independent Claim
29 words
A process for the preparation of bridged clays, comprising subjecting a mixture of an aqueous solution of at least one metal hydroxide and an aqueous clay suspension to dialysis.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process for the preparation of bridged clays, comprising subjecting a mixture of an aqueous solution of at least one metal hydroxide and an aqueous clay suspension to dialysis.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the clay is a natural or synthetic smectite swelling clay.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein said hydroxide is selected from the group formed by the hydroxides of the elements of groups IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA and VIA of the periodic table of the elements.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the dialysis is carried out with the aid of a semipermeable membrane selected from the group consisting of organic membranes.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein said membrane is selected from the group consisting of membranes based on regenerated cellulose.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the metal ion of the hydroxide in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution, expressed in milliequivalents per gram of clay, ranges from 6 to 60.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of clay in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution ranges from 0.1 to 4 weight percent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of clay in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution ranges from 0.1 to 4 weight percent.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to IV and the OH - /M IV ratio ranges from 0.4 to 4.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to III and the OH - /M III ratio ranges from 0.3 to 3.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 10, wherein the metal of the hydroxide is at least one metal selected from the group formed by aluminum, chromium and holmium.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 11 wherein said membrane is selected from the group consisting of membranes based on regenerated cellulose.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to II and the OH - /M II ratio ranges from 0.2 to 2.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to I and the OH - /M I ratio ranges from 0.2 to 1.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the clay is a natural or synthetic smectite swelling clay.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 15, wherein the concentration of clay in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution ranges from 0.1 to 4 weight percent.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 15, wherein the concentration of clay in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution ranges from 0.8 to 1.5 weight percent.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process according to claim 15, wherein the concentration of the metal ion of the hydroxide in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution, expressed in milliequivalents per gram of clay, ranges from 10 to 30.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 18, wherein the concentration of clay in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution ranges from 0.8 to 1.5 weight percent.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 19, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to I and the OH - /M I ratio ranges from 0.3 to 0.7.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process according to claim 19, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to II and OH - /M II ratio ranges from 0.5 to 1.4.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 19, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to III and the OH - /M III ratio ranges from 0.8 to 1.8.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the metal of the hydroxide is at least one metal selected from the group formed by aluminum, chromium and holmium.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 19, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to IV and the OH - /M IV ratio ranges from 1.0 to 2.8.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process according to claim 15, wherein the concentration of the metal ion of the hydroxide in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution, expressed in milliequivalents per gram of clay, ranges from 6 to 60.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 25, wherein the concentration of clay in the mixture of clay suspension and hydroxide solution ranges from 0.1 to 4 weight percent.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the dialysis is carried out with the aid of a semipermeable membrane selected from the group consisting of organic membranes.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein said membrane is selected from the group consisting of membranes based on regenerated cellulose.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to I and the OH - /M I ratio ranges from 0.2 to 0.8.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to IV and the OH - /M IV ratio ranges from 0.8 to 3.6.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to II and the OH - /M II ratio ranges from 0.2 to 2.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to I and the OH - /M I ratio ranges from 0.2 to 1.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to II and the OH - /M II ratio ranges from 0.4 to 1.8.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to IV and the OH - /M IV ratio ranges from 0.4 to 4.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to III and the OH - /M III ratio ranges from 0.3 to 3.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 35, wherein the metal of the hydroxide is at least one metal selected from the group formed by aluminum, chromium and holmium.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 26, wherein the degree of oxidation of the metal M of the hydroxide is equal to III and the OH - /M III ratio ranges from 0.6 to 2.4.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 37, wherein the metal of the hydroxide is at least one metal selected from the group formed by aluminum, chromium and holmium.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 38, wherein said membrane is selected from the group consisting of membranes based on regenerated cellulose.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
14 words
A clay prepared by the process according to one of claims 1 or 26.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
9 words
A catalyst comprising a clay according to claim 40.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
10 words
A catalyst consisting of a clay according to claim 40.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
39 words
A catalyst according to claim 42, further comprising at least one of the elements of the groups IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, and VIIA of the periodic table of the elements.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
18 words
A catalyst according to claim 43, wherein the element which it comprises is an element from group VIII.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
14 words
A catalyst according to claim 43, wherein the element from group VIII is platinum.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process according to any of claims 24, 34 or 30, wherein the metal of the hydroxide is at least one metal selected from the group formed by zirconium and titanium.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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US4216188A
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-03-13 | 1987-09-12 | 1988-03-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-03-13 | 1991-09-12 | 1992-03-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-03-13 | 1995-09-12 | 1996-03-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |