US4238364A
Expired / Lapsed
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Class of cracking catalysts acidic forms of cross-linked smectities
Assignee: University of Utah Research Foundation Inc
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Filing: 1979-04-03
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Granted: 1980-12-09
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Expires: 1999-04-03
Abstract
Abstract Novel types of molecular sieve cracking catalysts and method of preparation, the catalysts consisting of acidic forms of partially cross-linked smectites and including ions of hydrogen and rare-earth elements such as cerium, gadolinium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium and samarium. In the catalyst preparation, the unit layer structure of the smectite is retained and the effective pore size obtained (8 A-30 A) is sufficiently large to accommodate molecules with a kinetic diameter greater than about 8 A.
Inventors
- 👤 Joseph Shabtai
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 19:43
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J29/00; B01J29/04; B01J29/049; C; C10; C10G; C10G11/00; C10G11/02; C10G11/04; C10G11/05
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
27 words
A novel cracking catalyst comprising a cross-linked smectite framework material functionalized with acidic ions selected from the group consisting of the ions of hydrogen and rare-earth elements.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
27 words
A novel cracking catalyst comprising a cross-linked smectite framework material functionalized with acidic ions selected from the group consisting of the ions of hydrogen and rare-earth elements.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The novel cracking catalyst defined in claim 1 wherein the cross-linked smectite framework material comprises non-stoichiometrically (partially) cross-linking with oligomeric species of aluminum hydroxide.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
32 words
The novel cracking catalyst defined in claim 1 wherein the cross-linked smectite framework material has an enlarged pore size within the range on the order of about 8 A to 25 A.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
The novel cracking catalyst defined in claim 1 wherein the cross-linked smectite framework material is formed while retaining the basic structure of the smectite unit layers.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
The novel cracking catalyst defined in claim 1 wherein the smectite comprises a montmorillonite having a charge density within the range on the order of about 0.8 meq/gram to 1.1 meq/gram.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
33 words
The novel cracking catalyst defined in claim 1 wherein the surface area of the catalyst is within the range on the order of about 100 square meters/gram to 250 square meters/gram of catalyst.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The novel cracking catalyst defined in claim 1 wherein the catalyst is resistant to swelling in water.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
The novel cracking catalyst defined in claim 1 wherein the catalyst is stable in steam.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The novel cracking catalyst defined in claim 1 wherein the rare-earth elements are selected from the group consisting of cerium, gadolinium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, and samarium.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
53 words
A method for preparing a novel molecular sieve cracking catalyst comprising: preparing an acidic form of smectite including ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cerium, gadolinium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, and samarium; cross-linking the acidic form of smectite with oligomeric species of aluminum hydroxide and stabilizing the cross-linked acidic form of smectite.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
53 words
A method for preparing a novel molecular sieve cracking catalyst comprising: preparing an acidic form of smectite including ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cerium, gadolinium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, and samarium; cross-linking the acidic form of smectite with oligomeric species of aluminum hydroxide and stabilizing the cross-linked acidic form of smectite.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method defined in claim 10 wherein the preparing step further comprises preserving the basic structure of the smectite unit layers.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method defined in claim 10 wherein the cross-linking step further comprises controlling the extent of cross-linking to obtain a lateral distance in the interlayer space within the range on the order of about 8 A to 30 A thereby providing an effective lateral pore size within the range on the order of about 8 A to 30 A.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method defined in claim 10 wherein the cross-linking step comprises producing a cross-linked smectite having an interlayer distance equal to or greater than about 9 A and corresponding to a basal spacing equal to or greater than about 18 A.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method defined in claim 10 wherein the stabilizing step comprises heating the cross-linked smectite at temperatures within the range on the order of about 400° C. to 550° C.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-12-09 | 1984-06-09 | 1984-12-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-12-09 | 1988-06-09 | 1988-12-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-12-09 | 1992-06-09 | 1992-12-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |