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US4400637A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Integrator with sampling stage

Assignee: Siemens AG
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Filing: 1981-04-08
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Granted: 1983-08-23
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Expires: 2001-04-08
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Abstract

Abstract An integrator with a sampling stage at the input side has a first capacitor with associated electronic switches and has one or more amplifier stages each having a feedback path containing a second capacitor which is connected to the output of the sampling stage. The integrator has a first polarity commutator interconnected between the output of the sampling stage and the input of the first amplifier stage and a second polarity commutator at the output of one of the amplifier stages, the second polarity commutator being operated synchronously with the first polarity commutator. By periodic actuation of the polarity commutators, the low frequency noise voltage components, having amplitudes which vary minimally within a polarity reversal period, cancel when the integration results of successive periods of opposite polarity are added and are thus substantially eliminated.

Inventors

  • 👤 Heinrich Klar
  • 👤 Berward Roessler

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-27 20:48
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06G; G06G7/00; G06G7/12; G06G7/18; G06G7/184; G06G7/186; H; H03; H03F; H03F3/00; H03F3/005; H03F3/45; H03F3/45071; H03F3/45479; H03F3/45632; H03F3/45744; H03F3/45775; H03F3/45928; H03F3/45968; H03H; H03H19/00; H03H19/004; H03F2200/00; H03F2200/81

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 8
Claim 1
Independent Claim 430 words
An integrator with a switched - capacitor sampling stage at the input of said integrator, said sampling stage having a first capacitor having one lead interconnected between first and second alternatingly opened electronic switches and said integrator having at least one amplifier stage having a feedback path containing a feedback capacitor which is connected to an output of said sampling stage, said integrator further comprising: a first polarity commutator interconnected between the output of the sampling stage and an input of a first amplifier stage, said first polarity commutator selectively switching the polarity of a first signal supplied from said sampling stage for forming a first commutator output signal which is supplied to said input of a first amplifier stage, the polarity of said first commutator output signal being the same as or the opposite of the polarity of said first signal depending on the switching state of said first polarity commutator; a second commutator connected to an output of at least one of said amplifier stages for selectively switching the polarity of an amplifier output signal appearing at the output of said one of said amplifier stages, said amplifier output signal being derived from said first commutator output signal through said first amplifier stage and any following amplifier stages including said one of said amplifier stages, said amplifier output signal being transformed by said second polarity commutator for forming a second commutator output signal, the polarity of said second commutator output signal being the same as or opposite the polarity of said amplifier output signal depending on the switching state of said second polarity commutator; said feedback path being connected to an output of said second polarity commutator for supplying said second commutator output signal to said feedback capacitor; and a clock means connected to said first and second electronic switches and to said first and second polarity commutators for alternatingly opening and closing said first and second switches for forming a polarity of said first signals, and for operating said first and second polarity commutators for switching the polarities of said first signals and said amplifier output signals derived therefrom for mutually compensating the influences of said first and second polarity commutators on said second commutator output signals, said second commutator output signals being summed by said feedback capacitor for forming an output signal for said integrator such that noise voltages from said first amplifier stage have respective repeatedly switched polarities depending on the sequence of switching states of said second polarity commutator, thereby being substracted from each other by said feedback capacitor so as to be suppressed.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 430 words
An integrator with a switched - capacitor sampling stage at the input of said integrator, said sampling stage having a first capacitor having one lead interconnected between first and second alternatingly opened electronic switches and said integrator having at least one amplifier stage having a feedback path containing a feedback capacitor which is connected to an output of said sampling stage, said integrator further comprising: a first polarity commutator interconnected between the output of the sampling stage and an input of a first amplifier stage, said first polarity commutator selectively switching the polarity of a first signal supplied from said sampling stage for forming a first commutator output signal which is supplied to said input of a first amplifier stage, the polarity of said first commutator output signal being the same as or the opposite of the polarity of said first signal depending on the switching state of said first polarity commutator; a second commutator connected to an output of at least one of said amplifier stages for selectively switching the polarity of an amplifier output signal appearing at the output of said one of said amplifier stages, said amplifier output signal being derived from said first commutator output signal through said first amplifier stage and any following amplifier stages including said one of said amplifier stages, said amplifier output signal being transformed by said second polarity commutator for forming a second commutator output signal, the polarity of said second commutator output signal being the same as or opposite the polarity of said amplifier output signal depending on the switching state of said second polarity commutator; said feedback path being connected to an output of said second polarity commutator for supplying said second commutator output signal to said feedback capacitor; and a clock means connected to said first and second electronic switches and to said first and second polarity commutators for alternatingly opening and closing said first and second switches for forming a polarity of said first signals, and for operating said first and second polarity commutators for switching the polarities of said first signals and said amplifier output signals derived therefrom for mutually compensating the influences of said first and second polarity commutators on said second commutator output signals, said second commutator output signals being summed by said feedback capacitor for forming an output signal for said integrator such that noise voltages from said first amplifier stage have respective repeatedly switched polarities depending on the sequence of switching states of said second polarity commutator, thereby being substracted from each other by said feedback capacitor so as to be suppressed.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 20 words
The integrator of claim 1 wherein said second polarity commutator is connected at the output of said first amplifier stage.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 56 words
The integrator of claim 1 wherein said second polarity commutator is connected to a positive and a negative output of an amplifier stage which is a differential amplifier and to an asymmetrical input of a following amplifier stage, said asymmetrical input being alternatingly connected to one of said positive and negative outputs of said differential amplifier.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 58 words
The integrator of claim 3 wherein said differential amplifier consists of: a pair of amplifier transistors connected to a common current source and each connected to a supply voltage through a series load element; and a pair of switches connected in parallel across said load elements and operable by said clock means for alternatingly bridging said load elements.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 111 words
The integrator of claim 3 wherein said differential amplifier consists of: a pair of amplifier transistors connected to a common current source; a load element connected in series through a first switching transistor with one of said amplifier transistors and connected in series through a second switching transistor with the other of said amplifier transistors; a third switching transistor interconnected between the said one of said amplifier transistors and a supply voltage; a fourth switching transistor interconnected between the other of said amplifier transistors and said supply voltage, said first and fourth switching transistors being simultaneously operated and said second and third switching transistors being simultaneously operated by said clock means.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 49 words
The integrator of claim 1 wherein said first and second polarity commutators each consist of a plurality of field effect transistor switches alternatingly operated by said clock means and each having a source-drain segment in a current path connecting the inputs of said polarity commutators to the outputs thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 66 words
The integrator of claim 1 wherein said sampling stage has a sampling period and wherein a period between polarity reversals of said polarity commutator is equal to one or more sampling periods and wherein said polarity commutators are actuated during a switching state of said sampling stage during which said first capacitor storing a sampled signal is disconnected from the input of said first amplifier stage.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US3906214A Cited
US4306197A Cited
US4338571A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1986-08-22 1987-02-21 1987-08-23 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1990-08-22 1991-02-21 1991-08-23 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1994-08-22 1995-02-21 1995-08-23 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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